1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh

a) (Qal)

1) to be hard, be difficult

2) to be hard, be severe

b) (Niphal)

1) to be ill-treated

2) to be hard pressed

c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)

d) (Hiphil)

1) to make difficult, make difficulty

2) to make severe, make burdensome

3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn

a) of obstinacy (fig)

4) to show stubbornness