Music: Precentor
Music: Instruments Of:
Invented by Jubal,
by David,
1Ch 23:5; 2Ch 7:6; 29:26; Amo 6:5.
Made by Solomon,
by Tyrians,
CORNET,
See TRUMPET
CYMBAL
See CYMBAL
DULCIMER, a double pipe,
FLUTE,
GITTITH, a stringed instrument,
Psa 8; 81; 84 [titles].
HARP
See HARP
ORGAN, probably composed of pipes furnishing a number of notes,
Gen 4:21; Job 21:12; 30:31; Psa 150:4.
PIPE
See PIPE
PSALTERY
See PSALTERY
SACKBUT, a harp,
TABRET
See TIMBREL
TIMBREL, a tambourine.
See TIMBREL
TRUMPET
See TRUMPET
VIOL, a lyre,
Music: Symbols Used In:
ALAMOTH
Literally virgins. A musical term which appears in
and in the title of
It seems to indicate the rendering of the song by female voices, possibly soprano.
AL-TASCHITH
It appears in the titles of
Psa 57; 58; 59; 75.
and seems to have been used to indicate the kind of ode, or the kind of melody in which the ode should be sung.
HIGGAION
In Psa 92:3,
according to Gesenius, it signifies the murmuring tone of a harp, and hence that the music should be rendered in a plaintive manner.
In Psa 9:16,
combined with "Selah," it may have been intended to indicate a pause in the vocal music while the instruments rendered an interlude.
In Psa 19:14,
Mendelssohn translates it "meditation, thought." Hence that the music was to be rendered in a mode to promote devout meditation.
MAHALATH, MASCHIL, LEANNOTH
These terms are found in the titles of
Authorities grope in darkness as to their signification. They may indicate the instruments to be played, or the melody to be sung.
MASCHIL
This musical sign occurs in the titles of
Psa 32; 42; 44; 45; 52; 53; 54; 55; 74; 78; 88; 89; 142.
The meaning is obscure. But its signification where it occurs elsewhere than in the titles of Psalms is equivalent to the English word "instruction," or to become wise by instruction; hence,
"Sing ye praises with understanding."
MICAHTAM
A musical term in the titles of
Psa 16; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60
Luther interprets this as "golden," that is, "precious." Ewald interprets it as signifying a plaintive manner.
MUTH-LABBEN
In the title of
Authorities, ancient and modern, differ as to the probable signification. Gesenius and De Wette interpret it, "with the voice of virgins, by boys." Others derive the word from a different Hebrew root, and interpret it as indicating that the Psalm was a funeral ode.
NEGINAH AND NEGINOTH
Appear in the titles of
Psa 4; 54; 55; 61; 67; Hab 3:19.
Its use seems to have been to indicate that the song should be accompanied by stringed instruments.
NEHILOTH
In the title of
It seems to indicate, according to Gesenius, that when this Psalm was sung it was to be accompanied by wind instruments.
SELAH
This term appears frequently in the Psalms. Its use is not known. Possibly it signified a pause in the vocal music while an instrumental interlude or finale was rendered.
SHEMINITH
In the titles of
translated "eighth," probably indicates the measure, movement, or pitch.
SHIGGAION
In the title of
and its plural,
SHIGIONOTH,
in the title of
are supposed to have been a musical term to guide in rendering the song. At the close of the chapter the author refers the ode "to the chief musician, on my stringed instruments." The term may suggest the movement in interpreting the music set to it.
SHOSHANNIM AND SHUSHAN-EDUTH
In the titles to
Psa 45; 60; 69; 80,
seem to indicate the manner in which these Psalms were to be rendered. Kimchi, Tremellius, and Eichhorn render it "hexachorda," that is, that in singing these Psalms instruments of six strings were to accompany.
Music: Unclassified Scriptures Relating To
Gen 31:27; Exd 15:1, 20, 21; 21:17-20; Jdg 5:1-3; 11:34; 1Sa 18:6, 7; 2Sa 19:35; 1Ki 1:40; 1Ch 6:31, 32; 15:16-22, 24, 27, 28; 16:4-39, 41, 42; 23:3, 5, 6, 27, 30; 25:1, 5, 6, 7, 8; 2Ch 5:12, 13; 20:19, 21, 22, 28; 23:13, 18; 29:25-28; 31:2; 35:15, 25; Ezr 2:64; 3:10, 11; Neh 12:24, 27-31; Job 21:12; 30:31; Psa 33:1-4; 68:4, 25, 26, 32-35; 81:1-3; 87:7; 92:1-3; 95:1, 2; 98:1-8; 104:33; 105:2; 135:1, 2, 3; 137:1-6; 144:9; 149:1-3, 6; 150:1-6; Pro 25:20; Ecc 2:8; Isa 5:12; 14:11; 16:10; 23:16; 24:8, 9; 30:29, 32; Jer 31:4; Eze 26:13; 33:32; Dan 3:4, 6, 7; Amo 6:5; 8:10; Mat 9:23; 11:17; Mar 14:26; 1Cr 14:15; Eph 5:19; Col 3:16; Hbr 2:12; Rev 14:2, 3; 18:22
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