KJV
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| A-1 | Adjective | Strong's Number: g4642 | Greek: skleros |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
from skello, "to dry," signifies "trying, exacting:" see AUSTERE.
| A-2 | Adjective | Strong's Number: g1422 | Greek: duskolos |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
primarily means "hard to satisfy with food" (dus, a prefix like Eng., un--, or mis--, indicating "difficulty, opposition, injuriousness," ect., the opposite of, eu, "well," and kolon, "food"); hence, "difficult," Mar 10:24, of the "difficulty," for those who trust in riches, to enter into the Kingdom of God.
| B-1 | Noun | Strong's Number: g4643 | Greek: skelerotes |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
akin to A, No. 1, is rendered "hardness" in Rom 2:5.
| B-2 | Noun | Strong's Number: g4457 | Greek: porosis |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
denotes "a hardening," a covering with a poros, a kind of stone, indicating "a process" (from poroo, C, No. 1), and is used metaphorically of dulled spiritual perception, Mar 3:5, RV, "at the hardening of their hearts;" Rom 11:25, RV, "a hardening" (AV, "blindness"), said of the state of Israel; Eph 4:18, RV, "hardening," of the heart of Gentiles.
See BLINDNESS.
Note: See also under HARDSHIP and HEART (hardness of).
| C-1 | Verb | Strong's Number: g4456 | Greek: poroo |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
"to make hard, callous, to petrify" (akin to B, No. 2), is used metaphorically, of the heart, Mar 6:52; 8:17; Jhn 12:40; of the mind (or thoughts), 2Cr 3:14, of those in Israel who refused the revealed will and ways of God in the Gospel, as also in Rom 11:7, RV, "hardened" (AV, "blinded"), in both places.
See BLINDNESS.
| C-2 | Verb | Strong's Number: g4645 | Greek: skleruno |
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness:
"to make dry or hard" (akin to A, No. 1 and B, No. 1), is used in Act 19:9; in Rom 9:18, illustrated by the case of Pharaoh, who first persistently "hardened" his heart (see the RV marg. of Exd 7:13, 22; 8:19; text of Exd 8:32; 9:7), all producing the retributive "hardening" by God, after His much long-suffering, Exd 9:12, etc., in Hbr 3:8, 13, 15; 4:7, warnings against the "hardening" of the heart.
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