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The Blue Letter Bible
Aa

Keith Essex
Part V: Leviticus


Keith Essex's correlating video lecture(s) from The Master's Seminary:


  1. Leviticus [MSB, 152-54; ESVSB, 211-13; BTSB, 172-76; NIVSB, 165-68; RSB, 155-59; HWSOT, 124-41; WOTA, 102-21; LDIOT, 81-91; DOTP, 522-32; see the Adult Bible Fellowship notes on Leviticus at www.drbarrick.org]
    1. Introduction
      1. Title (W&W, 217)
        1. Hebrew: "And He called"
        2. LXX: "Levitical" - a book pertaining to the Levites
      2. Date of Events: 30 days (cf: Exod 40:2, 17 with Num 1:1) [MSB, 110]
      3. The History of Interpretation [RSB, 158; DTIB, 447-8; Hartley, xliii-lvi, ACCSOT, vol. III]
    2. Major Themes [see W&W, 221-30; NIDOTTE, 4:907-23]
      1. The Presence of the Lord (cf: Exod 40:34-38) [see Morales, Who Shall Ascend the Mountain of the Lord?]
        1. The Offerings "before the Lord" (Lev 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 9; 10; 16; 17)
        2. The Daily Activities from "I am the Lord you God" (Lev 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26)
      2. Holiness (Lev 10:10) [MSB, 169; see BTSB, 2364-65; NIDOTTE, 4:477-86; DOTP, 527-30; BTSB, 173-75, 2364-65]
        1. The Holy [NIDOTTE, 3:877-87; DOTP, 420-31]
          1. Yahweh (Lev 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:6)
          2. Israel (Lev 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:6)
          3. Things (Lev 2:3, 10; 4:6)
          4. Times (Lev 23:2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 21, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37) [CBCOT, 20; DOTP, 300-13]
        2. The Common, Profane (Lev 19:8, 12, 29; 20:3; 21:6, 9, 12, 15, 23; 22:2) [NIDOTTE, 2:145-50]
        3. The Clean (Lev 11-15) [MSB, 167; ESVSB, 229; NIDOTTE, 2:338-53]
        4. The Unclean (Lev 11-15) [MSB, 167; NIDOTTE, 2:365-76]
      3. The Sacrificial System [see BTSB, 2344-46; NIDOTTE, 4:996-1022; DOTP, 525-27]
        1. The Offerings (Lev 1-7; 16) [MSB, 155-63; 175-77; ESVSB, 217-25; BTSB, 175-76, 177; CBCOT, 22; DOTP, 706-33]
          NAME OF OFFER­ING
          NATURE OF OFFER­ING
          KIND OF OFFER­ING
          ACTION OF OFFER­ER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          NAME OF OFFERING
          NATURE OF OFFERING
          KIND OF OFFERING
          ACTION OF OFFERER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          Burnt (NIDOTTE, 3:405-15; HSB, 184)
          Except Hide, Completely Burned
          Male Without Blemish From Heard or Flock; Or Two Birds
          1) Brings Animal
          2) Hand on Head
          3) Kills Animal
          4) Cuts Animal
          5) Washes Entails
          1) Blood on Altar
          2) Place on Altar
          3) Place on Altar
          4) Keep Hide
          To Atone For Basic Human Sinfulness
          Lev 1:3-17; 6:8-13 Lev 7:8
          NAME OF OFFERING
          NATURE OF OFFERING
          KIND OF OFFERING
          ACTION OF OFFERER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          Grain (NIDOTTE, 2:978-90)
          Token Burned
          Grain with Oil and Frankin­cence
          1) Brings Offering
          2) Takes Handful
          1) Burns Handful
          2) Eats the Rest
          To Render Tribute to Sovereign Yahweh
          NAME OF OFFERING
          NATURE OF OFFERING
          KIND OF OFFERING
          ACTION OF OFFERER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          Peace (NIDOTTE, 4:135-43) Thank Vow Freewill
          Fat Burned
          Remainder Eaten
          Male or Female From Heard or Flock Without Blemish
          1) Brings Offering
          2) Hand on Head
          3) Kills Animal
          4) Cuts Animal
          5) Eats Part of Animal
          1) Blood on Altar
          2) Burns Fat
          3) Eats Part of Animal
          To Praise Yahweh & Declare Fellowship 1) Deliver­ance
          2) Fulfill Vow
          3) Extol Yahweh
          Lev 3:1-17; 7:11-36 Lev 7:12 Lev 7:16 Lev 7:16
          NAME OF OFFERING
          NATURE OF OFFERING
          KIND OF OFFERING
          ACTION OF OFFERER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          Sin (NIDOTTE, 2:93-103)
          Fat Burned Remainder Eaten
          Animal, Bird, or Flour
          See Burnt Offering
          1) See BO
          2) Burns Fat
          3) Eats Meat
          To Atone for Unwitting Sin
          NAME OF OFFERING
          NATURE OF OFFERING
          KIND OF OFFERING
          ACTION OF OFFERER
          ACTION OF PRIEST
          PURPOSE
          PASSAGE
          Guilt (NIDOTTE, 1:557-65)
          Fat Burned Remainder Eaten
          Animal, Bird, or Flour
          See Burnt Offering + Restitution
          See Sin Offering
          To Repair Breech of Faith
          1. The Basis of Atonement [see F, 3 below; Rooker, 46-65)
          2. The Basis of Forgiveness (Lev 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:10, 13, 16, 18; 6:7) [see NIDOTTE, 3:259-64]
        2. The Priests (Lev 8-10) [MSB, 164-66; ESVSB, 225-27; BTSB, 2342-43; NIDOTTE, 4:346-48, 1066-67; DOTP, 643-55]
    3. Purpose:
      • Yahweh gave instruction that enabled Him to live among His chosen people and enabled His people to have fellowship with Him.
    4. The Literary Structure (W&W, 220-1)
      1. The Literary Frame Related to Leviticus
        No Idolatry
        (Exo 20:6)
        Golden Calf
        (Exo 32:4, 8)
        Goat Idols
        (Lev 17:7)
        Covenant
        (Exo 19:5; 31:16)
        Covenant
        (Exo 34:10)
        Covenant
        (Lev 26:15)
        Stipulations
        (Exo 21:1)
        Stipulations
        (Exo 35:1)
        Stipulations
        (Lev 17:1)
        Altar
        (Exo 20:22-26)
        Altar
        (Exo 38:1-7)
        Altar
        (Lev 17:6)
        Tabernacle
        (Exo 25:1-31:11)
        Tabernacle
        (Exo 35:1ff.)
        Tabernacle
        (Lev 17:4-5)
      2. The Outline of Leviticus
        1. The Way to a Holy God: The Means by which Redeemed Israel would Maintain Their Personal Relationship with Yahweh (Lev 1:1–Lev 16:34)
          1. The Legislation concerning the Offerings (Lev 1:1–Lev 7:38)
            1. The Instruction to the People (Lev 1:1–Lev 6:7)
            2. The Instruction to the Priests (Lev 6:8–Lev 7:38)
          2. The Installation of the Priesthood (Lev 8:1–Lev 10:20)
          3. The Instruction to the People concerning the Clean and the Unclean (Lev 11:1–Lev 15:33)
          4. The Instruction to Aaron and the People concerning the Day of Atonement (Lev 16:1-34)
        2. The Holy Walk of Yahweh's People: How Redeemed Israel would Reflect Holy Yahweh in Daily Life (Lev 17:1-27:34)
          1. The Warning concerning Improper Sacrifice to the ‘Goat Idols' (Lev 17:1-16)
          2. The Instruction concerning the Holy Conduct of the People (Lev 18:1–Lev 20:27)
          3. The Instruction concerning the Holy Conduct of the Priests (Lev 21:1–Lev 22:33)
          4. The Instruction concerning the Holy Times of the Nation (Lev 23:1–Lev 25:55)
          5. The Blessings and the Curses of the Mosaic Covenant (Lev 26:1-46)
          6. The Instruction concerning Vows and Tithes (Lev 27:1-34)
    5. Bibliography
      1. Exegetical:
        • Hartley, Leviticus (WBC).
        • Kiuchi, Leviticus (AOTC).
        • Skylar, Leviticus (ZECOT).
      2. English Interpretation:
        • *Rooker, Leviticus (NAC).
        • Vasholz, Leviticus (MC).
        • Wenham, The Book of Leviticus (NICOT).
      3. Expositional:
        • *Ross, Holiness to the LORD.
        • Gane, Leviticus, Numbers (NIVAC).
        • Mathews, Leviticus (PTW).
        • Tidball, The Message of Leviticus (BST).
    6. Selected Interpretive Problems
      1. The Literary Structure [MSB, 154; ESVSB, 214-46; BTSB, 176; DOTP, 524-25]
        1. No Cohesive Structure
        2. A Cohesive Structure [Hartley; Kiuchi; Wenham; Rooker; Vasholz; Gane; Tidball]
      2. The Tent of Meeting [MSB, 155; ESVSB, 217; BTSB, 177; NIDOTTE, 2:873-77]
        1. The Tent where Yahweh Had Spoken to Moses (Ex. 33:7-11) [EBC1]
        2. The Tabernacle (Ex. 40:34-35; Num. 7:89) [Hartley; Kiuchi; Rooker; Vasholz; Gane; Matthews; Tidball; EBC2]
      3. "To Make Atonement" (Lev 1:4; 16:30) [MSB, 156; ESVSB, 217; BTSB, 175; NIDOTTE, 2:689-710]
        1. "To Cover" (cf. Gen. 6:14)
        2. "To Wipe (away); To Purge" (cf. Is. 27:9; Jer. 18:23) [Hartley; Ross; Gane]
        3. "To Ransom" (cf. Ex. 21:30; 30:11-16; Num. 35:29-34) [Kiuchi; Matthews (?); EBC1; EBC2 (?); TWOT]
        4. "To Cleanse" when an Object (Lev 8:15); "To Ransom" when a Person (Lev 1:4) [Wenham; Rooker; Tidball]
      4. "Cut off from his people" (Lev 7:20, 21, 25, 27; 17:4, 9, 10, 14; 18:29; 19:8; 20:3, 5, 6, 17, 18; 22:3; 23:29) [MSB, 163, 183; ESVSB, 246; BTSB, 186]
        1. Executed by the Community
        2. Excommunicated from Worship [Hartley; Matthews; Vasholz; EBC1]
        3. Placed under a Divine Curse, Resulting in God's Judgment (including childlessness and premature death) [Wenham; Rooker; Ross; Gane; Tidball; EBC2 (?)]
      5. The Nature of Nadab and Abihu's Disobedience (Lev 10:1) [MSB, 166; ESVSB, 228; BTSB, 189, 190]
        1. Entrance into the "Most Holy Place" (cf. Lev 16:2) [Hartley]
        2. Coals not from the Altar (cf. Lev 16:12) [Hartley; Rooker; Gane; Matthews; Tidball (?); EBC1]
        3. Improper Incense (cf. Ex. 30:30-34) [Kiuchi (?); EBC 2 (?); KD]
        4. Wrong Time of Day (cf. Lev 16:2; Ex. 30:7-9)
      6. The Unclean Animals (Lev 11:1-47) [MSB, 167; ESVSB, 229; BTSB, 190-91; CBCOT, 23; DOTP, 326-36]
        1. Unhygienic Animals [EBC1; TOTC]
        2. Pagan Sacrificial Animals
        3. Animals Used to Make a Distinction between Israel and the Nations; i.e., clean animals symbolized Israel, unclean animals symbolized the Gentiles (Lev 11:44; Deut. 14:2-20; cf. Acts 10) [Hartley; Wenham; Rooker; Ross; Matthews; Tidball (?); BKC]
        4. A Reminder of the Spiritual Condition of Humans (cf. Gen. 2-3) [Kiuchi; EBC2]
        5. Arbitrary Distinctions; Rationale Known Only to God [Gane]
      7. "Azazel" (Lev 16:8, 10, 26) [MSB, 176; ESVSB, 237; BTSB, 199; see NIDOTTE, 4:421-2; DOTP, 54-61]
        1. "The goat that departs" [Kiuchi; Ross; Matthews; Vasholz; Tidball; EBC1; EBC2 (?)]
        2. "Entire removal, complete destruction"
        3. The Fierce Terrain [Rooker]
        4. The Name of a Demon [Hartley; Gane; KD]
    7. Preaching Leviticus

Used with permission by Dr. Keith Essex. Redistribution without express permission from Dr. Keith Essex is prohibited.

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Part VI: Numbers Next Section →
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