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1 Thess. 1:1 Opening. Silvanus and Timothy worked with Paul during his second missionary journey. Silvanus, or Silas, was a Judean Christian (Acts 15:22) who joined Paul after he separated from Barnabas (Acts 15:39–40). Timothy, from Lystra in south Galatia, was a son of a Jewish mother and Greek father. He became partners with Paul when Paul passed through his hometown early on his second missionary journey (see Acts 16:1–4). Timothy has returned from a visit to the Thessalonian church (1 Thess. 3:6). His report is Paul’s major source of information as he writes. While Silas and Timothy are included as co-senders, Paul was clearly the main author (see 2:18; 3:5; 5:27). Grace . . . and peace. See note on Rom. 1:7.
1 Thess. 1:2–3:13 Thanksgiving and Encouragement. It is typical for Paul to include a word of thanksgiving near the beginning of his letters (1:2–3). He goes on to offer encouragement (1:4–2:16) and to seek to clear up any possible misunderstanding resulting from his non-arrival at Thessalonica (2:17–3:13).
1 Thess. 1:3 faith . . . love . . . hope. A common Pauline pattern (see 5:8; Rom. 5:2–5; 1 Cor. 13:13; Gal. 5:5–6; Eph. 4:2–5). The prominent final position here belongs to hope. This seems fitting in a letter so concerned with the end times (1 Thess. 1:10; 2:12; 19–20; 3:13; 4:13–18; 5:1–11; 23–24).
1 Thess. 1:4 brothers loved by God. God’s love is the ultimate reason for their election (Eph. 1:4–5; compare Rom. 1:7). Chosen (literally, “elected”) refers to God’s sovereign act of appointing people for eternal life (see notes on Eph. 1:4; 1:5; 1:11). Because of his experience of fellowship with them, Paul is confident the Thessalonians are among the chosen (see 1 Thess. 1:5–10 and note). Therefore he can reassure them that they are forever secure.
1 Thess. 1:5–10 because. Paul bases his confidence that the Thessalonians are elect on two things: the authenticity and authority of those preaching the gospel to them (v. 5) and the nature of their response to the gospel (vv. 6–10).
1 Thess. 1:6 for you received the word in much affliction. See Acts 17:5–9; 1 Thess. 2:14. When people take a stand of faith in God, they should expect to encounter difficulties as a result (see Rom. 8:17–18; 1 Pet. 4:12–14).
1 Thess. 1:9–10 wait for his Son. The first of many references to the second coming in this letter (see 2:12; 19–20; 3:13; 4:13–18; 5:1–11; 23–24). whom he raised from the dead. See 4:13–18. delivers us from the wrath to come. See 5:1–11.
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