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1:1–2 Opening. See note on 1 Thess. 1:1. All three missionaries are still together, so 2 Thessalonians was probably written soon after 1 Thessalonians.
1:3–12 Thanksgiving and Comfort for the Persecuted Thessalonians. In Greek, vv. 3–10 are one long sentence expressing Paul’s gratefulness and words of encouragement.
1:3 ought . . . as is right. Paul gives thanks to God for the Thessalonians’ increasing faith and love (compare 1 Thess. 3:6). The fact that their love for one another is increasing is an answer to Paul’s prayer in 1 Thess. 3:12.
1:5 The Thessalonians’ endurance and faith under persecution show evidence of the righteous judgment of God. God is giving them the grace to endure. He is clearly on their side and is working to make them worthy for entrance into the kingdom of God. Compare Phil. 1:28, where the Philippian Christians’ fearless perseverance during persecution is a proof that they will be saved and their enemies destroyed when Jesus returns.
1:6–7a God judges fairly. Those now causing trouble for the Thessalonian Christians will be afflicted. The believers will get relief at the second coming.
1:7b when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven (see 1 Thess. 4:16–17). Jesus is called “Lord.” This identifies him as Yahweh, who carries out final judgment (see Isaiah 64; 66).
1:8 in flaming fire. See Isa. 66:15–16.
1:9 eternal destruction. Unbelievers will not simply cease to exist. See Matt. 25:46; Rev. 14:9–11.
1:10 when he comes. The punishment of unbelievers and the reward of believers both occur on the day of the Lord (that day). This is the day when Jesus comes to save his people. Confusion over the timing of the day of the Lord is a major problem in Thessalonica (2:2). Paul’s description of the day in 1:7b–10 was intended to solve the problem. glorified in his saints. By saving his people from sin; Jesus’ glory will be seen in them (see Rom. 8:17–18, 30). Saints are “holy ones.” our testimony to you. God’s saving act in Christ.
1:11 To this end. That is, in view of vv. 5–10. make you worthy. Building on v. 5, Paul now prays that the Thessalonians may be made worthy of this calling (see 1 Thess. 2:12). work of faith. Work inspired by faith.
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