ἐν, a preposition taking the dative after it; Hebrew בְּ; Latin in with abl.; English in, on, at, with, by, among. (Winers Grammar, § 48 a.; Buttmann, 328f (282f)) It is used:
I. Locally;
1. of place proper;
a. in the interior of some whole; within the limits of some space: ἐν γαστρί, Matthew 1:18; ἐν Βηθλημ, Matthew 2:1; ἐν τῇ πόλει, Luke 7:37; ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαία, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, and innumerable other examples
b. in (on) the surface of a place (German auf): ἐν τῷ ὄρει, John 4:20; Hebrews 8:5; ἐν πλαξί, 2 Corinthians 3:3; ἐν τῇ ἀγορά, Matthew 20:3; ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, Matthew 5:25, etc.
c. of proximity, at, near, by: ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν, Matthew 6:5; ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ, at the fountain Siloam, Luke 13:4; ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακίῳ, John 8:20 (see B. D. American edition under the word : and on this passage and the preceding cf. Winer's Grammar, 385 (360)); καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιά Θεοῦ etc., at the right hand: Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 8:1; Ephesians 1:20.
d. of the contents of a writing, book, etc.: ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολή, 1 Corinthians 5:9; ἐν κεφαλίδι βιβλίου γράφειν, Hebrews 10:7; ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ, τῷ βιβλίῳ, Revelation 13:8; Galatians 3:10; ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, Luke 24:44; John 1:45 (46); ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, in the book of the prophets, Acts 13:40; ἐν Ἠλίᾳ, in that portion of Scripture which treats of Elijah, Romans 11:2, cf. Fritzsche at the passage; (Delitzsch, Brief a. d. Römer, p. 12; Winers Grammar, 385 (360); Buttmann, 331 (285)); ἐν Δαυίδ, in the Psalms of David, Hebrews 4:7 (see Δαβίδ, at the end); ἐν τῷ ὡσεη, in the prophecies of Hosea, Romans 9:25.
e. tropically, applied to things not perceived by the senses, as ἐν τῇ καρδία, ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, Matthew 5:28; Matthew 13:19; 2 Corinthians 4:6, and often; ἐν ταῖς συνειδησεσι, 2 Corinthians 5:11.
2. with the dative of a person, in the person, nature, soul, thought of anyone: thus ἐν τῷ Θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωή ὑμῶν, it lies hidden as it were in the bosom of God until it shall come forth to view, Colossians 3:3, cf. Ephesians 3:9; ἐν αὐτῷ, i. e. in the person of Christ, κατοικεῖ πᾶν τό πλήρωμαa etc., Colossians 1:19; Colossians 2:3 ((?), 9). phrases in which ἡ ἁμαρτία is said to dwell in men, Romans 7:17f; or ὁ Χριστός (the mind, power, life of Christ) εἶναι, (John 17:26); Romans 8:10; 2 Corinthians 13:5; μένειν, John 6:56; (John 15:4, 5); ζῆν, Galatians 2:20; μορφουσθαι, Galatians 4:19; λαλεῖν, 2 Corinthians 13:3; ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶναι, 1 John 1:10; μένειν, John 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν or οἰκεῖν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Colossians 3:16; τό πνεῦμα (of God, of Christ), Romans 8:9, 11; 1 Corinthians 3:16; 2 Timothy 1:14; τό ἐν τίνι χάρισμα, 1 Timothy 4:14; 2 Timothy 1:6; ἐνεργεῖν ἐν τίνι, Matthew 14:2; Ephesians 2:2; 1 Corinthians 12:6, etc.; ἐνεργεῖσθαι, Colossians 1:29; κατεργάζεσθαι, Romans 7:8. after verbs of revealing, manifesting: ἀποκαλύψαι ἐν ἐμοί, in my soul, Galatians 1:16; φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, Romans 1:19. ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, within oneself, i. e. in the soul, spirit, heart: after the verbs εἰδέναι, John 6:61; εἰπεῖν, Luke 7:39; Luke 18:4; ἐμβρίμασθαι, John 11:38; στενάζειν, Romans 8:23; διαλογίζεσθαι, Mark 2:8 (alternating there with ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, cf. Mark 2:6); Luke 12:17; διαπόρειν, Acts 10:17; λέγειν, Matthew 3:9; Matthew 9:21; Luke 7:49; also 2 Corinthians 1:9; for other examples of divers kinds, see εἰμί, V. 4 e.
3. It answers to the German an (on; often freely to be rendered in the case of, with, etc. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 a.), when used
a. of the person or thing on whom or on which some power is operative: ἵνα οὕτω γένηται ἐν ἐμοί, 1 Corinthians 9:15; ποιεῖν τί ἐν τίνι, Matthew 17:12; Luke 23:31; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1341; (Winers Grammar, as above and 218 (204f); Buttmann, 149 (130)).
b. of that in which something is manifest (Winer's Grammar, as above): μανθάνειν ἐν τίνι, 1 Corinthians 4:6; γινώσκειν, Luke 24:35; John 13:35; 1 John 3:19 (examples from the classics are given by Passow, 1:2, p. 908b; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. III.)); likewise of that in which a thing is sought: ζητεῖν ἐν τίνι, 1 Corinthians 4:2.
c. after verbs of stumbling, striking: προσκόπτειν, Romans 14:21; πταίειν, James 2:10; ἐκανδαλίζεσθαι, which see in its place.
4. with, among, in the presence of, with the dative of person (also often in the classics; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1340; Winer's Grammar, 385 (360) and 217f (204)): 1 Corinthians 2:6; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, Matthew 21:42; ἐν ἐμοί, in my judgment, 1 Corinthians 14:11; (perhaps add Jude 1:1 L T Tr WH; but cf. 6 b. below). To this head some refer ἐν ὑμῖν, 1 Corinthians 6:2, interpreting it in your assembly, cf. Meyer at the passage; but see 5 d.γ.
5. used of that with which a person is surrounded, equipped, furnished, assisted, or acts (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 1 b.);
a. in equivalent to among, with collective nouns: ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ, Mark 5:30 (Winer's Grammar, 414 (386)); ἐν τῇ γενεά ταύτῃ, among the men of this age, Mark 8:38; ἐν τῷ γένει μου, in my nation i. e. among my countrymen, Galatians 1:14; especially with the dative plural of persons, as ἐν ἡμῖν, ἐν ὑμῖν, among us, among you, ἐν ἀλλήλοις, among yourselves, one with another: Matthew 2:6; Matthew 11:11; Mark 9:50; Luke 1:1; John 1:14; John 13:35; Acts 2:29; 1 Corinthians 3:18; 1 Corinthians 5:1, and often.
b. of the garments with (in) which one is clad: ἐν ἐνδύμασι and the like, Matthew 7:15; Mark 12:38; Luke 24:4; John 20:12; Acts 10:30; Hebrews 11:37; James 2:2; Revelation 3:4; ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν ἱματίοις, Matthew 11:8 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἱματίοις); Luke 7:23; περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις, Revelation 3:5; Revelation 4:4 (L WH text omit ἐν).
c. of that which one either leads or brings with him, or with which he is furnished or equipped; especially after verbs of coming (ἐν of accompaniment), where we often say with: ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπανταν, Luke 14:31; ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι, Jude 1:14; cf. Grimm on 1 Macc. 1:17; ἐισέρχεσθαι ἐν αἵματι, Hebrews 9:25; ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καί ἐν τῷ αἵματι, 1 John 5:6 (i. e. with the water of baptism and the blood of atonement, by means of both which he has procured the pardon of our sins, of which fact we are assured by the testimony of the Holy Spirit); ἐν ῤάβδῳ, 1 Corinthians 4:21; ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας, Romans 15:29; φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, 2 Corinthians 10:14; ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει ἥλιον, imbued or furnished with the spirit and power of Elijah, Luke 1:17; ἐν τῇ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ, furnished with the regal power of the Messiah, possessed of his kingly power (Buttmann, 330 (284)): Matthew 16:28; Luke 23:42 (WH text L marginal reading Tr marginal reading εἰς τήν βασιλείαν). Akin is its use
d. of the instrument or means by or with which anything is accomplished, owing to the influence of the Hebrew preposition בְּ much more common in the sacred writers than in secular authors. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3 d.; Buttmann, 181 (157) and 329 (283f), where we say with, by means of, by (through);
α. in phrases in which the primitive force of the preposition is discernible, as ἐν πυρί κατακαίειν, Revelation 17:16 (T omits; WH brackets ἐν); ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν or ἀρτύειν, Matthew 5:13; Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34; ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκάνειν, Revelation 7:14; ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν, Hebrews 9:22; ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζειν, Matthew 3:11, etc. (see βαπτίζω, II. b. bb.).
β. with the dative, where the simple dative of the instrument might have been used, especially in the Revelation: ἐν μάχαιρα, ἐν ῤομφαία ἀποκτείνειν, Revelation 6:8; Revelation 13:10; πατάσσειν, Luke 22:49; ἀπολλυσθαι, Matthew 26:52; καταπατεῖν ἐν τοῖς ποσίν, Matthew 7:6; ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ, Luke 1:51; ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ, Luke 11:20, and in other examples; of things relating to the soul, as ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 2 Thessalonians 2:13 (Winer's Grammar, 417 (388)); 1 Peter 1:2; ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει, 2 Corinthians 7:7; ἐν προσευχή, Matthew 17:21 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογία, Ephesians 1:3; δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι, Romans 5:9.
γ. more rarely with the dative of person, meaning aided by one, by the intervention or agency of someone, by (means of) one (cf. Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, 329f (283f)): ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, Matthew 9:34; ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις, 1 Corinthians 14:21; κρίνειν τήν οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί, Acts 17:31; ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (preceded by οἱ ἅγιοι τόν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν), 1 Corinthians 6:2; ἐργάζεσθαι ἐν τίνι, Sir. 13:4 Sir. 30:13, 34.
δ. followed by an infinitive with the article, in that (German dadurch dass), or like the Latin gerund (or English participial noun; cf. Buttmann, 264 (227)): Acts 3:26; Acts 4:30; Hebrews 2:8; Hebrews 8:13.
e. of the state or condition in which anything is done or anyone exists, acts, suffers; out of a great number of examples (see also in γίνομαι, 5 f.; and εἰμί, V. 4 b.) it is sufficient to cite: ἐν βασάνοις, Luke 16:23; ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, 1 John 3:14; ἐν ζωή, Romans 5:10; ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς, Philemon 1:13; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1 Peter 1:6; ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός, Romans 8:3; ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι, 1 Thessalonians 2:2; ἐν δόξῃ, Philippians 4:19; 2 Corinthians 3:7f; σπείρεται ἐν φθορά κτλ. it (namely, that which is sown) is sown in a state of corruption, namely, ὅν, 1 Corinthians 15:42f; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν, to be prepared, in readiness, 2 Corinthians 10:6; ἐν ἐκστάσει, Acts 11:5; Acts 22:17; very often so used of virtues and vices, as ἐν εὐσέβεια καί σεμνότητι, 1 Timothy 2:2; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 1 Timothy 2:15; ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς, Romans 6:4; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχή τοῦ Θεοῦ, Romans 3:26 (25); ἐν κακία καί φθόνῳ, Titus 3:3; ἐν πανουργία, 2 Corinthians 4:2; also with an adverbial force: as ἐν δυνάμει, powerfully, with power (Winers Grammar, § 51, 1 e.; Buttmann, 330 (284)), Mark 9:1; Romans 1:4; Colossians 1:29; 2 Thessalonians 1:11; κρίνειν ἐν δικαιοσύνη, Acts 17:31; Revelation 19:11; ἐν χαρά, in joy, joyful, Romans 15:32; ἐν ἐκτένεια, Acts 26:7; ἐν σπουδή, Romans 12:8; ἐν χάριτι, Galatians 1:6; 2 Thessalonians 2:16; ἐν τάχει, Luke 18:8; Romans 16:20; Revelation 1:1. (Here perhaps may be introduced the noteworthy adverbial phrase ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις, with all this, Luke 16:26 L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH for R G ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις (see ἐπί, B. 2 d.); also ἐν πᾶσιν, in all things (R. V. withal), Ephesians 6:16 L text T Tr WH.) A similar use occurs in speaking
f. of the form in which anything appears or is exhibited, where ἐν may be represented by the German als (English as); twice so in the N. T.: σοφίαν λαλεῖν ἐν μυστηρίῳ (as a mystery (here A. V. in)), 1 Corinthians 2:7; ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι πίπτειν, Hebrews 4:11 ((A. V. after); others regard this as a pregnant construction, the ἐν marking rest after motion (R. V. marginal reading into); cf. Kurtz or Lünem. at the passage; Buttmann, 329 (283); and 7 below); (διδόναι τί ἐν δωρεά, 2 Macc. 4:30; Polybius 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; ἐν μερίδι, Sir. 26:3; λαμβάνειν τί ἐν φερνή, Polybius 28, 17, 9; examples from Plato are given by Ast, Platonic Lexicon, i., p. 702; Latin in mandatis dare i. e. to be considered as orders, Caesar b. g. 1, 43). (Here perhaps may be noticed the apparent use of ἐν to denote the measure or standard (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3b.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 211): ἐν μέτρῳ, Ephesians 4:16 (see μέτρον, 2); ἔφερεν ἐν ἑξήκοντα etc. Mark 4:8 WH text (note the εἰς, which see B. II. 3 a.); καρποφοροῦσιν ἐν τριάκοντα etc. Mark 4:20 T Tr text WH text; but some would take ἐν here distributively, cf. Fritzsche on Mark 4:8.)
g. of the things in (with) which one is busied: 1 Timothy 4:15; Colossians 4:2; ἐν οἷς, Acts 26:12; ἐν αὐτῷ, in preaching the gospel, Ephesians 6:20; ἐν τῇ ἑορτή, in celebrating the feast, John 2:23 (L Tr brackets ἐν); ἐν τῇ διδαχή, in giving instruction, while teaching, Mark 4:2; Mark 12:38; see εἰμί, V. 4 d.; Passow, i., p. 910b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 1).
h. of that in which anything is embodied or summed up: ἐν αὐτῷ ζωή ἦν, i. e. that life of which created beings were made partakers was comprehended in him, John 1:4; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, Romans 13:9 (on Ephesians 1:10 see ἀνακεφαλαιόω); πᾶσαν τήν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε, comprised in, consisting of, seventy-five souls, Acts 7:14 (Winer's Grammar, 391 (366)).
6. of that in which any person or thing is inherently fixed, implanted, or with which it is intimately connected;
a. of the whole in which a part inheres: properly, μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ, John 15:4; ἐν ἑνί σώματι μέλη πολλά, Romans 12:4; figuratively, κρέμασθαι ἐν τίνι, Matthew 22:40.
b. of a person to whom another is wholly joined and to whose power and. influence he is subject, so that the former may be likened to the place in which the latter lives and moves. So used in the writings of Paul and of John particularly of intimate relationship with God or with Christ, and for the most part involving contextually the idea of power and blessing resulting from that union thus, εἶναι or μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί or ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, of Christ, John 10:38; John 14:10f; of Christians, 1 John 3:24; 1 John 4:13, 15f; εἶναι or μένειν in Christ, of his disciples and worshippers, John 14:20; John 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καί ἐν τῷ πατρί, 1 John 2:24; ἐν Θεῷ, i. e. amplified and strengthened in the fellowship of God and the consciousness of that fellowship, ἐργάζεσθαι τί, John 3:21; παρρησιάζεσθαι, 1 Thessalonians 2:2. Of frequent use by Paul are the phrases ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἐν κυρίῳ (cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Romans, vol. ii., p. 82ff; Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Weiss, Biblical Theol. des N. T. §§ 84 b., 149 c.), ingrafted as it were in Christ, in fellowship and union with Christ, with the Lord: Romans 3:24; Romans 6:11, 23; Romans 8:39; 1 Corinthians 1:4; 2 Corinthians 3:14; Galatians 2:4; Galatians 3:14, 26, 28; Galatians 5:6; Ephesians 1:3 (Rec. omits ἐν); Ephesians 2:6f, 10, 13; 1 Timothy 1:14; 2 Timothy 1:1, 13; 2 Timothy 2:1; 1 Peter 3:16; 1 Peter 5:10; στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, Philippians 4:1; ἵνα εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ), that I may be found (by God and Christ) most intimately united to him, Philippians 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Corinthians 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, Romans 8:1; 1 Peter 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, θνήσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, to fall asleep, to die, mindful of relationship to Christ and confiding in it (Winer's Grammar, as above), 1 Corinthians 15:18; Revelation 14:13. Since such union with Christ is the basis on which actions and virtues rest, the expression is equivalent in meaning to by virtue of spiritual fellowship or union with Christ; in this sense it is joined to the following words and phrases: πέπεισμαι, Romans 14:14 (Winer's Grammar, as above and 390 note); πεποιθέναι, Galatians 5:10; Philippians 1:14; 2 Thessalonians 3:4; παρρησίαν ἔχειν, Philemon 1:8; ἐλπίζειν, Philippians 2:19; καύχησιν ἔχειν, Romans 15:17; 1 Corinthians 15:31; ἀνῆκεν, Colossians 3:18; τό αὐτό φρονεῖν, Philippians 4:2; ὑπακούειν, Ephesians 6:1 (L omits; Tr WH brackets ἐν κυρίῳ); φῶς, Ephesians 5:8; αὔξει, Ephesians 2:21; ζοωποιεῖσθαι, 1 Corinthians 15:22; ὁ κόπος οὐκ ἐστι κενός, 1 Corinthians 15:58; ἅγιος, Philippians 1:1; ἡγιασμένος, 1 Corinthians 1:2; λαλεῖν, 2 Corinthians 2:17; 2 Corinthians 12:19; ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, Romans 9:1; λέγειν καί μαρτύρεσθαι, Ephesians 4:17. Hence, it denotes the Christian aim, nature. quality of any action or virtue; thus, ἐυρεστον ἐν κυρίῳ, Colossians 3:20 G L T Tr WH; προσδέχεσθαι τινα, Romans 16:2; Philippians 2:29; ἀσπάζεσθαι τινα, Romans 16:8, 22; 1 Corinthians 16:19; κοπιαν, Romans 16:12 (Winers Grammar, 390 note; L brackets the clause); γαμηθῆναι, 1 Corinthians 7:39; χαίρειν, Philippians 3:1; Philippians 4:4, 10; παρακαλεῖν, 1 Thessalonians 4:1; προΐστασθαι τίνος, 1 Thessalonians 5:12; — or is equivalent to in things pertaining to Christ, in the cause of Christ: νήπιος, 1 Corinthians 3:1; φρόνιμος, 1 Corinthians 4:10; παιδαγωγοι, 1 Corinthians 4:15; ὁδοί μου, 1 Corinthians 4:17; θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν κυρίῳ, in the kingdom of the Lord, 2 Corinthians 2:12. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, by faith in Christ, Galatians 2:17. Finally, it serves as a periphrasis for Christian (whether person or thing): τούς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου τούς ὄντας ἐν κυρίῳ (opposed to those of the family of Narcissus who were not Christians), Romans 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χριστῷ, a Christian, 2 Corinthians 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Galatians 1:22; 1 Thessalonians 2:14; οἱ νεκροί ἐν Χριστο those of the dead who are Christians, 1 Thessalonians 4:16; ἐκλεκτόν ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian of mark, Romans 16:13; δόκιμος ἐν Χριστῷ an approved Christian, Romans 16:10; δέσμιος ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian prisoner (tacitly opposed to prisoners of another sort (Winer's Grammar, 388 (363))), Ephesians 4:1; πιστός διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ Ephesians 6:21; Colossians 4:7; διακονία, Colossians 4:17; ἐν Χριστῷ γενναν τινα, to be the author of one's Christian life or life devoted to Christ, 1 Corinthians 4:15; δεσμοί ἐν Χριστῷ, bonds occasioned by one's fellowship with Christ, Philippians 1:13 (others connect ἐν Χριστῷ here with φανερούς); it might be freely rendered as Christians, as a Christian, in 1 Corinthians 9:1; Philemon 1:16. ἐν πνεύματι (ἁγίῳ) εἶναι, to be in the power of, be actuated by, inspired by, the Holy Spirit: Romans 8:9 (here in opposed to ἐν σαρκί); γίνεσθαι, Revelation 1:10; Revelation 4:2; ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλεῖν, 1 Corinthians 12:3; ἐν πνεύματι or ἐν πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ or ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ, namely, ὤν (being) in i. e. under the power of the Spirit, moved by the Spirit (cf. Buttmann, 330 (283f); W 390 (364f)): Matthew 22:43; Mark 12:36; Luke 2:27; 1 Corinthians 12:3; Revelation 17:3; Revelation 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ, namely, ὤν, in the power of an unclean spirit, possessed by one, Mark 1:23; ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι, to be held in the power of Satan, 1 John 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, subject to the control of the law, Romans 3:19, ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ ἀποθνῄσκειν, through connection with Adam, 1 Corinthians 15:22.
c. of that in which other things are contained and upheld, as their cause and origin: ἐν αὐτῷ (i. e., in God) ζῶμεν κτλ. in God is found the cause why we live, Acts 17:28; ἐν αὐτῷ (in Christ, as the divine hypostatic λόγος) ἐκτίσθη τά πάντα, in him resides the cause why all things were originally created, Colossians 1:16 (the cause both instrumental and final as well, for ἐν αὐτῷ is immediately afterward resolved into δἰ αὐτοῦ καί εἰς αὐτόν (cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 6 and Lightfoot at the passage)); τά πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκε, Colossians 1:17; ἐν Ἰσαάκ κληθήσεται σοι σπέρμα, Romans 9:7; Hebrews 11:18, from Genesis 21:12; ἁγιάζεσθαι ἐν, with the dative of thing, Hebrews 10:10, cf. 1 Corinthians 6:11; ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν, in this lies the reason why we believe, John 16:30, cf. 1 Corinthians 4:4; ἐν ᾧ equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι (in that), since: Romans 8:3; Hebrews 2:18; Hebrews 6:17 (see 8 e. below). Closely related is the use of ἐν
d. of that which gives opportunity, the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ (on i. e. at this word; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 c.), Acts 7:29.
e. after certain verbs denoting an affection, because the affection inheres or resides, as it were, in that to which it relates (cf. Buttmann, 185 (160f); Winers Grammar, 232 (217f)); see εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκία, ἐυφραίνομαι, καυχάομαι, χαίρω, etc.; likewise sometimes after ἐλπίζω, πιστεύω, πίστις (which see in their proper places), because faith and hope are placed in what is believed or hoped for.
7. after verbs implying motion ἐν with the dative is so used as to seem, according to our laws of speech, to be employed for εἰς with the accusative; but it indicates the idea of rest and continuance succeeding the motion; cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 4; Buttmann, 328f (282f): thus after ἀποστέλλω, Matthew 10:16; Luke 10:3; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Luke 9:46; Revelation 11:11 (not R Tr; WH brackets ἐν); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Luke 7:17; 1 Thessalonians 1:8 (but not after ἔρχεσθαι in Luke 23:42, on which passage see 5 c. above); καταβαίνειν, John 5:4 (R L; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 50, 4 a.); ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων, that they may abide in etc. Luke 1:17; καλεῖν ἐν εἰρήνη, ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, ἐν μία ἐλπίδι, equivalent to εἰς τό εἶναι ἡμᾶς (ὑμᾶς) ἐν etc.: 1 Corinthians 7:15; 1 Thessalonians 4:7; Ephesians 4:4; especially after τιθέναι and ἱσταναι, which words see in their places. On the same use of the preposition, common in Homer, somewhat rare in the classic authors, but recurring frequently in writings of a later age, see Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Passow, i. 2, p. 909a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under I. 8).
8. Constructions somewhat peculiar:
a. ἐν Αἰγύπτου namely, γῆ (by an ellipsis common in Greek writings, cf. Passow, i. 2, p. 908b; (Liddell and Scott, under I. 2); Winers Grammar, 384 (359); (Buttmann, 171 (149))): Hebrews 11:26 (Lachmann); but see Αἴγυπτος.
b. expressions shaped by the Hebrew idiom: ἀγοράζειν ἐν with the dative of price (for the price is the means by which a thing is bought (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 e.)), Revelation 5:9 (ἐν ἀργυρίῳ, 1 Chronicles 21:24). ἀλλάσσειν τί ἐν τίνι (see ἀλλάσσω), to exchange one thing for another (properly, to change something and have the exchange in (cf. Winer's Grammar, 388 (363) note; 206 (194))): Romans 1:23, 25 (here μετήλλαξαν. ὄμνυμι ἐν τίνι) בְּ נִשְׁבַּע, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus iii., p. 1355; (Winers Grammar, § 32, 1 b.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), to swear by (i. e. the name of someone being interposed), or as it were relying on, supported by, someone (cf. Winer's Grammar, 389 (364)): Matthew 5:34-36; Matthew 23:16, 18-22; Revelation 10:6.
c. ὁμολογῶ, ἐν τίνι after the Syriac (B ydw) [not the Hebrew, see Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 386; Buttmann, 176 (153); Winers Grammar, § 32, 3 b., yet cf. § 4, a.]), properly, to confess in one's case (or when one's cause is at stake (cf. Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Fritzsche, the passage cited; Weiss, Das Matthäusevang., p. 278 note 1 (and in Meyer on Matthew, edition 7))), the nature of the confession being evident from the context; as, to confess one to be my master and lord, or to be my worshipper: Matthew 10:32; Luke 12:8; (cf. Westcott, Canon, p. 305 note 1).
d. on the very common phrase ἐν ὀνόματι τίνος, see ὄνομα (especially 2). (e. the phrase ἐν ᾧ varies in meaning according to the varying sense of ἐν. It may be,
α. local, wherein (equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ἐν ᾧ): Romans 2:1; Romans 14:22; 2 Corinthians 11:12.
β. temporal, while (cf. II. below; Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 2): Mark 2:19; Lukev. 34; John 5:7; Luke 19:13 (Rec. ἕως, which see).
γ. instrumental, whereby: Romans 14:21.
δ. causal, English in that (see Mätzner, English Gram, translation by Grece, 3:452 — concomitance passing over into causal dependence, or the substratum of the action being regarded as that on which its existence depends; cf. 'in those circumstances I did so and so'), on the ground of this that, because: Romans 8:3, etc.; see in 6 c. above. According to the last two uses, the phrase may be resolved into ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι or ἐν τούτῳ ὁ (cf. Winers Grammar, § 23, 2 b. and b.); on its use see Winers Grammar, 387 (362) note; Buttmann, 331 (284f); Bernhardy (1829), p. 211; especially Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., p. 93f.)
II. With the notion of Time ἐν marks
a. periods and portions of time in which anything occurs, in, on, at, during: ἐν τῇ ἡμέρα, ἐν τῇ νυκτί, John 11:9f, etc.; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, Matthew 3:1, etc.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Matthew 12:2, and in many other examples; ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ, at the second time, Acts 7:13; ἐν τῷ καθεξῆς, Luke 8:1; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, in the meantime (Winer's Grammar, 592f (551)), John 4:31; (ἐν ἐσχάτῳ χρόνῳ, Jude 1:18 Rec.).
b. before substantives signifying an event, it is sometimes equivalent to at the time of this or that event (German bei); thus ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσία, Matthew 19:28; ἐν τῇ παρουσία αὐτοῦ or μου, 1 Corinthians 15:23; 1 Thessalonians 2:19; 1 Thessalonians 3:13 (Winer's Grammar, § 50, 5); Philippians 2:12; 1 John 2:28; ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει, Matthew 22:28; Mark 12:23; Luke 14:14; Luke 20:33; ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι, at (the sounding of) the last trumpet, 1 Corinthians 15:52; ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει of Christ, 2 Thessalonians 1:7; 1 Peter 1:7, 13; 1 Peter 4:13.
c. before infinitives with the article (Buttmann, 263f (226f); Winers Grammar, § 44, 6); before the infinitive present it signifies while, as: Matthew 13:4 (ἐν τῷ σπείρειν); Matthew 13:25 (ἐν... τῷ καθεύδειν τούς ἀνθρώπους); Matthew 27:12; Mark 6:48; Luke 1:21 (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited); Luke 24:51; 1 Corinthians 11:21; Galatians 4:18, etc.; before the infinitive aorist, when, after that: Luke 9:36; Luke 19:15, etc.
d. within, in the course of: ἐν τρισίν ἡμέραις, Matthew 27:40; Mark 15:29 (L T Tr omit; WH brackets ἐν); John 2:19 (Tr WH brackets ἐν), 20; cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 2; (Buttmann, § 133, 26).
III. In Composition. Prefixed to adjectives ἐν denotes lying or situated in some place or condition, possessed of or noted for something; as in ἐνάλιος, ἔνδοξος, ἔμφοβος. Prefixed to Verbs it signifies
1. remaining, staying, continuing in some place, state, or condition; as, ἔνειμι, ἐμμένω, ἐνοικέω.
2. motion into something, entering into, mingling in; as, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐγκαλέω (summon to court), ἐγγράφω, ἐγκρύπτω.
3. in ἐμφυσάω, ἐμπρήθω, ἐμπτύω it answers to German an (on).
Before beta β', mu μ', pi π, phi Φ, psi Ψ, ἐν changes to εμ', before gamma γ' kappa κ' xi Ξ chi Χ, to εγγ', before lambda λ' to ελ', although this assimilation is neglected also in the older manuscripts (in א "not often changed," Scrivener, Collation etc., p. lvi.; "in some words assimilation is constant according to all or at least all primary manuscripts while in a comparatively small number of cases authority is divided. Speaking generally, assimilation is the rule in compounds of ἐν, retention of the nu ν in those of σύν" (Prof. Hort). Following manuscript authority T WH write ἐγγράφω, ἐνκαθετος, ἐνκαινια, ἐνκαινίζω, ἐνκατοικέω, ἐνκαυχάομαι, ἐνκεντρίζω, ἐνκρίνω, ἐνπεριπατέω, ἐνπνέω; T ἐνκόπτω; WH ἐνκοπη, ἐνκυος; but L T Tr WH retain ἐγκαλέω, ἔγκλημα, ἐγκομβωμαι, ἐγκράτεια, ἐγκρατεύομαι, ἐγκρατής, ἐγχρίω, ἐλλογέω (ἐλλογάω), ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐμβλέπω, ἐμβριμάομαι, ἐμμαίνομαι, ἐμπαιγμονῇ, ἐμπαιγμός, ἐμπαίζω, ἐμπαίκτης, ἐμπίπλημι, ἐμπίπτω, ἐμπλέκω, ἐμπλοκή, ἐμπορεύομαι, ἐμπορία, ἐμπόριον, ἔμπορος, ἐμπτύω, ἐμφανής, ἐμφανίζω, ἔμφοβος, ἔμφυτος; L T Tr ἔγκυος; L Tr WH ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; L Tr ἐγγράφω, ἐγκάθετος, ἐγκαίνια, ἐγκαινίζω, ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω, ἐγκατοικέω, ἐγκαυχάομαι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐγκοπή, ἐγκόπτω, ἐγκρίνω, ἐμπεριπατέω, ἐμπνέω; T ἐμπιπράω; T WH are not uniform in ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω; nor T in ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; nor WH in ἐγκόπτω. — Add L T Tr WH ἀνέγκλητος, παρεμβάλλω, παρεμβολή. See Gregory in the Proleg. to Tdf: edition 8, p. 76ff; Hort in WHs Appendix, p. 149; Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Studien und Kritiken for 1862, p. 179f; especially Meisterhans, p. 46)

BLB Scripture Index of Thayer's