ἔχω; future ἕξω; imperfect εἶχον (1 person plural ἐιχαμεν, 2 John 1:5 T Tr WH), 3 person plural ἐιχαν (Mark 8:7 L T Tr WH; Revelation 9:8 L T Tr WH; but cf. (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 38; Tdf. Proleg., p. 123; WHs Appendix, p. 165); Buttmann, 40 (35)) and εἴχοσαν (L T Tr WH in John 15:22, 24; but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Theol. Studien und Kritiken 1858, pp. 485ff 491; see his N. T. Gr., p. 43 (37); (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 39; Tdf. Proleg., p. 124; WHs Appendix, p. 165; cf. δολιόω)); present middle participle ἐχόμενος; to have — with 2 aorist active ἔσχον; perfect ἔσχηκα;
I. Transitively.
1. to have equivalent to to hold;
a. to have (hold) in the hand: τί ἐν τῇ χειρί, Revelation 1:16; Revelation 6:5; Revelation 10:2; Revelation 17:4; and simply, Revelation 5:8; Revelation 8:3, 6; Revelation 14:6, etc.; Hebrews 8:3.
b. in the sense of wearing (Latin gestare); of garments, arms and the like: τό ἔνδυμα, Matthew 3:4; Matthew 22:12; κατά κεφαλῆς ἔχων, namely, τί, having a covering hanging down from the head, i. e. having the head covered (Buttmann, § 130, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 47, k. cf. 594 (552)), 1 Corinthians 11:4; θώρακας, Revelation 9:17; μάχαιραν, John 18:10; add Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3; of a tree having (bearing) leaves, Mark 11:13; ἐν γαστρί ἔχειν, namely, ἔμβρυον, to be pregnant (cf. Winers Grammar, 594 (552); Buttmann, 144 (126)) (see γαστήρ, 2). Metaphorically, ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν τό ἀπόκριμα, 2 Corinthians 1:9; τήν μαρτυρίαν, 1 John 5:10; ἐν καρδία ἔχειν τινα, to have (carry) one in one's heart, to love one constantly, Philippians 1:7.
c. tropically, to have (hold) possession of the mind; said of alarm, agitating emotions, etc.: ἐίχειν αὐτάς τρόμος καί ἔκστασις, Mark 16:8 (Job 21:6; Isaiah 13:8, and often in secular authors; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1294f; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 8)).
d. to hold fast, keep: ἡ μνᾶ σου, ἥν εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ, Luke 19:20; tropically, τόν Θεόν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, Romans 1:28; to keep in mind, τάς ἐντολάς, John 14:21 (see ἐντολή, under the end); τήν μαρτυρίαν, Revelation 6:9; Revelation 12:17; Revelation 19:10; τό μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρά συνειδήσει, 1 Timothy 3:9; ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, 2 Timothy 1:13.
e. to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve: ἔργον, James 1:4; James 2:17; κόλασιν, 1 John 4:18; μισθαποδοσίαν, Hebrews 10:35 (Wis. 8:16). See examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1296f; (Liddell and Scott, see A. I. 8 and 10).
f. by a Latinism equivalent to aestimo, to regard, consider, hold as (but this sense is still denied by Meyer, on Luke as below; Matthew 14:5): τινα with the accusative of the predicate, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, have me excused, Luke 14:18; τινα ὡς προφήτην, Matthew 14:5; Matthew 21:26 (ἔχειν Ἰαννην καί Ἰαμβρην ὡς Θεούς, Ev. Nicod. 5); τινα ἔντιμον (see ἔντιμος), Philippians 2:29; τήν ψυχήν μου (G omits μου) τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ, Acts 20:24 R G; τινα εἰς προφήτην (a Hebraism (see εἰς, B. II. 3 c. Ψ. at the end)), for a prophet, Matthew 21:46 L T Tr WH, cf. Buttmann, § 131, 7; τινα, ὅτι ὄντως (T Tr WH ὄντως, ὅτι etc.) προφήτης ἦν, Mark 11:32, cf. Buttmann, § 151, 1 a.; (Winer's Grammar, § 66, 5 a.).
2. to have equivalent to to own, possess;
a. external things such as pertain to property, riches, furniture, utensils, goods, food, etc.: as τόν βίον, Luke 21:4; 1 John 3:17; κτήματα, Matthew 19:22; Mark 10:22; θησαυρόν, Matthew 19:21; Mark 10:21; ἀγαθά, Luke 12:19; πρόβατα Luke 15:4; John 10:16; δραχμάς, Luke 15:8; πλοῖα, Revelation 18:19; κληρονομίαν, Ephesians 5:5; (cf. Matthew 21:38 LT Tr WH, where R G κατάσχωμεν); μέρος followed by ἐν with the dative of the thing, Revelation 20:6; θυσιαστήριον, Hebrews 13:10; ὅσα ἔχεις, Mark 10:21; Mark 12:44; Matthew 13:44, 46; Matthew 18:25; μηδέν, 2 Corinthians 6:10; τί δέ ἔχεις, ὁ etc. 1 Corinthians 4:7; with a predicate accusative added, εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά, Acts 2:44; absolutely ἔχειν, to have property, to be rich: οὐκ and μή ἔχειν (A. V. to have not), to be destitute, be poor, Matthew 13:12; Matthew 25:29; Mark 4:25; Luke 8:18; Luke 19:26; 1 Corinthians 11:22; 2 Corinthians 8:12 (Nehemiah 8:10; 1 Esdr. 9:51, 54; Sir. 13:5; examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1295b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. l; cf. Winer's Grammar, 594 (552))); ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν, in proportion to your means (see ἐκ, II. 13 at the end), 2 Corinthians 8:11.
b. Under the head of possession belongs the phrase ἔχειν τινα as commonly used of those joined to anyone by the bonds of nature, blood, marriage, friendship, duty, law, compact, and the like: πατέρα, John 8:41; ἀδελφούς, Luke 16:28; ἄνδρα (a husband), John 4:17; Galatians 4:27; γυναῖκα, 1 Corinthians 7:2, 12f, 29; τέκνα, Matthew 21:28; Matthew 22:24; 1 Timothy 3:4; Titus 1:6; υἱούς, Galatians 4:22; σπέρμα, offspring, Matthew 22:25; χήρας, 1 Timothy 5:16; ἀσθενοῦντας, Luke 4:40; φίλον, Luke 11:5; παιδαγωγούς, 1 Corinthians 4:15; ἔχειν κύριον, to have (be subject to) a master, Colossians 4:1; δεσπότην, 1 Timothy 6:2; βασιλέα, John 19:15; with ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν added, Revelation 9:11; ἔχει τόν κρίνοντα αὐτόν, John 12:48; ἔχειν οἰκονόμον, Luke 16:1; δοῦλον, Luke 17:7; ἀρχιερέα, Hebrews 4:14; Hebrews 8:1; ποιμένα, Matthew 9:36; ἔχων ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν στρατιώτας, Luke 12:8; ἔχειν τόν υἱόν καί τόν πατέρα, to be in living union with the Son (Christ) and the Father by faith, knowledge, profession, 1 John 2:23; (1 John 5:12); 2 John 1:9. With two accusatives, one of which serves as a predicate: πατέρα τόν Ἀβραάμ, Abraham for our father, Matthew 3:9; add, Acts 13:5; Philippians 3:17; Hebrews 12:9; ἔχειν τινα γυναῖκα, to have (use) a woman (unlawfully) as a wife, Matthew 14:4; Mark 6:18; 1 Corinthians 5:1 (where see Meyer) (of lawful marriage, Xenophon, Cyril 1, 5, 4).
c. of attendance or companionship: ἔχειν τινα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, Matthew 15:30; Matthew 26:11; Mark 2:19; Mark 14:7; John 12:8.
d. ἔχειν τί to have a thing in readiness, have at hand, have in store: οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰ μή πέντε ἄρτους, Matthew 14:17; add, Matthew 15:34; John 2:3 (not Tdf.); John 4:11; 12:35; 1 Corinthians 11:22; 1 Corinthians 14:26; οὐκ ἔχω, ὁ παραθήσω αὐτῷ, Luke 11:6; ποῦ συνάξω τούς καρπούς μου, Luke 12:17; τί (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 58) φάγωσι, Mark 8:1f; ἔχειν τινα, to have one at hand, be able to make use of: Μωϋσέα καί τάς προφήτας, Luke 16:29; παράκλητον, 1 John 2:1; μάρτυρας, Hebrews 12:1; οὐδένα ἔχω etc. Philippians 2:20; ἄνθρωπον, ἵνα etc. John 5:7.
e. a person or thing is said ἔχειν those things which are its parts or are members of his body: as χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς, Matthew 18:8; Mark 9:43, 45, 47; οὖς, Revelation 2:7, 11, etc.; ὦτα, Matthew 11:15; Mark 7:16 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); Mark 8:18; μέλη, Romans 12:4; 1 Corinthians 12:12; σάρκα καί ὀστέα, Luke 24:39; ἀκροβυστίαν, Acts 11:3; an animal is said ἔχειν head, horns, wings, etc.: Revelation 4:7; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 8:9; Revelation 9:8ff; 12:3, etc.; a house, city, or wall, ἔχειν θεμελίους, Hebrews 11:10; Revelation 21:14; στάσιν, Hebrews 9:8; (add ἐπιστολήν ἔχουσαν (R G περιέχουσαν) τόν τύπον τοῦτον, Acts 23:25).
f. one is said to have the diseases or other ills with which he is affected or afflicted: μάστιγας, Mark 3:10; ἀσθενείας, Acts 28:9; wounds, Revelation 13:14; θλῖψιν, John 16:33; 1 Corinthians 7:28; Revelation 2:10. Here belong the expressions δαιμόνιον ἔχειν, to be possessed by a demon, Matthew 11:18; Luke 7:33; Luke 8:27; John 7:20; John 8:48f, 52; John 10:20; Βηλζεβουλ, Mark 3:22; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mark 3:30; Mark 7:25; Luke 4:33; Acts 8:7; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, Acts 19:13; πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας, i. e. a demon causing infirmity, Luke 13:11; πνεῦμα ἄλαλον, Mark 9:17; λεγεῶνα, Mark 5:15.
g. one is said to have intellectual or spiritual faculties, endowments, virtues, sensations, desires, emotions, affections, faults, defects, etc.: σοφίαν, Revelation 17:9; γνῶσιν, 1 Corinthians 8:1, 10; χαρίσματα, Romans 12:6; προφητείαν, 1 Corinthians 13:2; πίστιν, Matthew 17:20; Matthew 21:21; Mark 11:22; Luke 17:6; Acts 14:9; Romans 14:22; 1 Timothy 1:19; Philemon 1:5; πεποίθησιν, 2 Corinthians 3:4; Philippians 3:4; παρρησίαν, Philemon 1:8; Hebrews 10:19; 1 John 2:28; 1 John 3:21; 1 John 4:17; 1 John 5:14; ἀγάπην, John 5:42; John 13:35; John 15:13; 1 John 4:16; 1 Corinthians 13:1ff; 2 Corinthians 2:4; Philippians 2:2; Philemon 1:5; 1 Peter 4:8; ἐλπίδα (see ἐλπίς, 2, p. 206a middle); ζῆλον, zeal, Romans 10:2; envy, jealousy (ἐν τῇ καρδία), James 3:14; χάριν τίνι, to be thankful to one, Luke 17:9; 1 Timothy 1:12; 2 Timothy 1:3; θυμόν, Revelation 12:12; ὑπομονήν, Revelation 2:3; φόβον, 1 Timothy 5:20; χαράν, Philemon 1:7 (Rec.st χάριν); 3 John 1:4 (WH text χάριν); λύπην, John 16:21; 2 Corinthians 2:3; Philippians 2:27; ἐπιθυμίαν, Philippians 1:23; ἐπιποθίαν, Romans 15:23; μνείαν τίνος, 1 Thessalonians 3:6. συνείδησιν καλήν, ἀγαθήν, ἀπρόσκοπον: Acts 24:16; 1 Timothy 1:19; 1 Peter 3:16; Hebrews 13:18; συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, Hebrews 10:2; ἀγνωσίαν Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 15:34; ἀσθένειαν, Hebrews 7:28; ἁμαρτίαν, John 9:41; John 15:22, etc. h. of age and time: ἡλικίαν, mature years (A. V. to be of age), John 9:21, 23; ἔτη, to have (completed) years, be years old, John 8:57; with ἐν τίνι added: in a state or condition, John 5:5 (Winers Grammar, 256 (240) note{3}; Buttmann, § 147, 11); in a place, τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ, John 11:17; beginning or end, or both, Hebrews 7:3; Mark 3:26; Luke 22:37 (see τέλος, 1 a.). i. ἔχειν τί is said of opportunities, benefits, advantages, conveniences, which one enjoys or can make use of: βάθος γῆς, Matthew 13:5; γῆν πολλήν, Mark 4:5; ἰκμάδα, Luke 8:6; καιρόν, Galatians 6:10; Hebrews 11:15; Revelation 12:12; ἐξουσίαν, see ἐξουσία, passim; εἰρήνην διά τίνος, Romans 5:1 (where we must read ἔχομεν, not (with T Tr WH L marginal reading (cf. WH. Introductory § 404)) ἔχωμεν); ἐλευθερίαν, Galatians 2:4; πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 7:40; πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ, Romans 8:9; νοῦν Χριστοῦ, 1 Corinthians 2:16; ζωήν, John 5:40; John 10:10; John 20:31; τήν ζωήν, 1 John 5:12; ζωήν αἰώνιον, Matthew 19:16; John 3:15f, 36 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (249)); John 5:24,39; 6:40,47,54; 1 John 5:13; ἐπαγγελίας, 2 Corinthians 7:1; Hebrews 7:6; μισθόν, Matthew 5:46; Matthew 6:1; 1 Corinthians 9:17; τά αἰτήματα, the things which we have asked, 1 John 5:15; ἔπαινον, Romans 13:3; τιμήν, John 4:44; Hebrews 3:3; λόγον σοφίας, a reputation for wisdom, Colossians 2:23 (see λόγος, I. 5 at the end); καρπόν, Romans 1:13; Romans 6:21f; χάριν, benefit, 2 Corinthians 1:15 (where Tr marginal reading WH text χαράν); χάρισμα, 1 Corinthians 7:7; προσαγωγήν, Ephesians 2:18; Ephesians 3:12; ἀνάπαυσιν, Revelation 4:8; Revelation 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τίνος, Hebrews 11:25; πρόφασιν, John 15:22; καύχημα, that of which one may glory, Romans 4:2; Galatians 6:4; καύχησιν, Romans 15:17. k. ἔχειν τί is used of one on whom something has been laid, on whom it is incumbent as something to be borne, observed, performed, discharged: ἀνάγκην, 1 Corinthians 7:37; ἀνάγκην followed by an infinitive, Luke 14:18; Luke 23:17 (R L brackets Tr marginal reading brackets); Hebrews 7:27; χρείαν τίνος (see χρεία, 1); εὐχήν ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν, Acts 21:23; νόμον, John 19:7; ἐντολήν, 2 John 1:5; Hebrews 7:5; ἐπιταγήν, 1 Corinthians 7:25; διακονίαν, 2 Corinthians 4:1; πρᾶξιν, Romans 12:4; ἀγῶνα, Philippians 1:30; Colossians 2:1; ἔγκλημα, Acts 23:29; κρίμα, 1 Timothy 5:12. l. ἔχειν τί is used of one to whom something has been intrusted: τάς κλείς, Revelation 1:18; Revelation 3:7; τό γλωσσόκομον, John 12:6; John 13:29. m. in reference to complaints and disputes the following phrases are used: ἔχω τί (or without an accusative, cf. Buttmann, 144 (126)) κατά τίνος, to have something to bring forward against one, to have something to complain of in one, Matthew 5:23; Mark 11:25; followed by ὅτι, Revelation 2:4; ἔχω κατά σου ὀλίγα, ὅτι etc. Revelation 2:14 (here L WH marginal reading omit ὅτι), Revelation 2:20 (here G L T Tr WH omit ὀλίγα); ἔχω τί πρός τινα, to have some accusation to bring against one, Acts 24:19; συζήτησιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, Acts 28:29 (Rec.); ζητήματα πρός τινα, Acts 25:19; λόγον ἔχειν πρός τινα, Acts 19:38; πρᾶγμα πρός τινα, 1 Corinthians 6:1; μομφήν πρός τινα, Colossians 3:13; κρίματα μετά τίνος, 1 Corinthians 6:7. n. phrases of various kinds: ἔχειν τινα κατά πρόσωπον, to have one before him, in his presence (A. V. face to face; see πρόσωπον, 1 a.), Acts 25:16; κοίτην ἐκ τίνος, to conceive by one, Romans 9:10; τοῦτο ἔχεις, ὅτι etc. thou hast this (which is praiseworthy (cf. Winer's Grammar, 595 (553))) that etc. Revelation 2:6; ἐν ἐμοί οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν, hath nothing in me which is his of right, equivalent to no power over me (German er hat mir nichts an), John 14:30; ὁ ἐστιν... σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν, a sabbath-day's journey distant (for the distance is something which the distant place has, as it were), Acts 1:12; cf. Kypke at the passage o. ἔχω, with an infinitive (Winers Grammar, 333 (313); Buttmann, 251 (216)),
α. like the Latin habeo quod with the subjunctive, equivalent to to be able: ἔχω ἀποδοῦναι, Matthew 18:25; Luke 7:42; Luke 14:14; τί ποιῆσαι, Luke 12:4; οὐδέν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν, they had nothing to oppose (could say nothing against it), Acts 4:14; κατ' οὐδενός εἶχε μείζονος ὀμόσαι, Hebrews 6:13; add, John 8:6 (Rec.); Acts 25:26 (cf. Buttmann, as above); Ephesians 4:28; Titus 2:8; 2 Peter 1:15; the infinitive is omitted and to be supplied from the context: ὁ ἔσχεν, namely, ποιῆσαι, Mark 14:8; see examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1297a; (Liddell and Scott, see A. III. 1).
β. is used of what there is a certain necessity for doing: βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι, Luke 12:50; ἔχω σοι τί εἰπεῖν, Luke 7:40; ἀπαγγεῖλαι, Acts 23:17, 19; λαλῆσαι, Acts 23:18; κατηγορῆσαι, Acts 28:19; πολλά γράφειν, 2 John 1:12; 3 John 1:13.
II. Intransitively.
a. (Latin me habeo) to hold oneself or find oneself so and so, to be in such or such a condition: ἑτοίμως ἔχω, to be ready, followed by an infinitive, Acts 21:13; 2 Corinthians 12:14; 1 Peter 4:5 (not WH); ἐσχάτως (see ἐσχάτως), Mark 5:23; κακῶς, to be sick, Matthew 4:24; Matthew 8:16; Matthew 9:12; (Matthew 17:15 L Tr text WH text), etc.; καλῶς, to be well, Mark 16:18; κομψότερον, to be better, John 4:52; πῶς, Acts 15:36; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ, followed by an infinitive, 2 Corinthians 10:6.
b. impersonally: ἄλλως ἔχει, it is otherwise, 1 Timothy 5:25; οὕτως, Acts 7:1; Acts 12:15; Acts 17:11; Acts 24:9; τό νῦν, ἔχον, as things now are, for the present, Acts 24:25 (Tobit 7:11, and examples from later secular authors in Kypke, Observations, 2, p. 124; cf. Vig. ed. Herm., p. 9; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 463 (432))).
III. Middle έ᾿χομαι τίνος (in Greek writings from Homer down), properly, to hold oneself to a thing, to lay hold of a thing, to adhere or cling to; to be closely joined to a person or thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 202 (190); Buttmann, 192 (166f), 161 (140)): τά ἐχόμενα τῆς σωτηρίας, Vulg. viciniora saluti, connected with salvation, or which lead to it, Hebrews 6:9, where cf. Bleek; ὁ ἐχόμενος, near, adjoining, neighboring, bordering, next: of place, κωμοπόλεις, Mark 1:38 (νῆσος, Isocrates paneg. § 96; οἱ ἐχόμενοι, neighbors, Herodotus 1, 134); of time, τῇ ἐχομένῃ namely, ἡμέρα, the following day, Luke 13:33; Acts 20:15 (1 Macc. 4:28; Polybius 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9); with ἡμέρα added, Acts 21:26; σαββάτῳ, Acts 13:44 (where R T Tr WH text ἐρχομένῳ); ἐνιαυτῷ, 1 Macc. 4:28 (with variant ἐρχομένῳ ἐνιαυτῷ); τοῦ ἐχομενου ἔτους, Thucydides 6, 3. (Compare: ἀνέχω, προσανέχω, ἀντέχω, ἀπέχω, ἐνέχω, ἐπέχω, κατέχω, μετέχω, παρέχω, περιέχω, προέχω, προσέχω, συνέχω, ὑπέρχω, ὑπέχω.)

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