πονηρός (on the accent cf. 
Lob. ad Phryn., p. 3 
Göttling, Lehre v., Accent, p. 304f; (
Chandler §§ 404, 405); 
Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch., p. 26), 
πονηρά, 
πονηρόν; comparitive 
πονηρότερος (
Matthew 12:45; 
Luke 11:26); (
πονέω, 
πόνος); from 
Hesiod (
Homer (ep. 15, 20), Theog.) down; the 
Sept. often for 
רַע; 
    1. full of labors, annoyances, hardships;
    
a. pressed and harassed by labors; thus Hercules is called 
πονηροτατος καί ἄριστος, 
Hesiod fragment 43, 5.
    
b. bringing toils, annoyances, perils: (
καιρός, Sir. 51:12); 
ἡμέρα πονηρά, of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness, 
Ephesians 5:16; 
Ephesians 6:13 (so in the plural 
ἡμέραι πονηραί the Epistle of Barnabas 2, 1 [ET]); causing pain and trouble (
A. V. grievous), 
ἕλκος, 
Revelation 16:2.
    
2. bad, of a bad nature or condition;
    
a. in a physical sense: 
ὀφθαλμός, diseased or blind, 
Matthew 6:23; 
Luke 11:34 (
πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν, 
Plato, Hipp., min., p. 374 d.; the Greeks use 
πονηρῶς ἔχειν or 
διακεῖσθαι of the sick; 
ἐκ γενετῆς πονηρούς ὑγιεῖς πεποιηκέναι, 
Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 22 ((cf. Otto's note); others take 
πονηρός in Matthew and Luke as above ethically; cf. b. and Meyer on Matt.)); 
καρπός, 
Matthew 7:17f.
    
b. in an ethical sense, 
evil, wicked, bad, etc. ("this use of the word is due to its association with the working (largely the servile) class; not that contempt for labor is thereby expressed, for such words as 
ἐργάτης, 
δραστηρ, and the like, do not take on this evil sense, which connected itself only with a word expressive of unintermitted toil and carrying no suggestion of results" (cf. 
Schmidt, chapter 85, § 1); see 
κακία, at the end); of persons: 
Matthew 7:11; 
Matthew 12:34; 
Matthew 18:32; 
Matthew 25:26; 
Luke 6:45; 
Luke 11:13; 
Luke 19:22; 
Acts 17:5; 
2 Thessalonians 3:2; 
2 Timothy 3:13; 
γενεά πονηρά, 
Matthew 12:39, 
45; 
Matthew 16:4; 
Luke 11:29; 
πνεῦμα πονηρόν, an evil spirit (see 
πνεῦμα, 3 c.), 
Matthew 12:45; 
Luke 7:21; 
Luke 8:2; 
Luke 11:26; 
Acts 19:12f, 
15f; substantively 
οἱ πονηροί, 
the wicked, bad men, opposed to 
οἱ δίκαιοι, 
Matthew 13:49; 
πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, 
Matthew 5:45; 
Matthew 22:10; 
ἀχάριστοι καί πονηροί, 
Luke 6:35; 
τόν πονηρόν, 
the wicked man, i. e. the evil-doer spoken of, 
1 Corinthians 5:13; 
τῷ πονηρῷ, 
the evil man, who injures you, 
Matthew 5:39. 
ὁ πονηρός is used pre-eminently of 
the devil, the evil one: 
Matthew 5:37; 
Matthew 6:13; 
Matthew 13:19, 
38; 
Luke 11:4 R L; 
John 17:15; 
1 John 2:13; 
1 John 3:12; 
1 John 5:18f (on which see 
κεῖμαι, 2{c}); 
Ephesians 6:16. of things: 
αἰών, 
Galatians 1:4; 
ὄνομα (which see 1, p. 447a bottom), 
Luke 6:22; 
ῤᾳδιούργημα, 
Acts 18:14; the heart as a storehouse out of which a man brings forth 
πονηρά words is called 
θησαυρός πονηρός, 
Matthew 12:35; 
Luke 6:45; 
συνείδησις πονηρά, a soul conscious of wickedness (conscious wickedness; see 
συνείδησις, b. sub at the end), 
Hebrews 10:22; 
καρδία πονηρά ἀπιστίας, an evil heart such as is revealed in distrusting (cf. 
Buttmann, § 132, 24; 
Winer's Grammar, § 30, 4), 
Hebrews 3:12; 
ὀφθαλμός (which see), 
Matthew 20:15; 
Mark 7:22; 
διαλογισμοί, 
Matthew 15:19; 
James 2:4; 
ὑπόνοιαι, 
1 Timothy 6:4; 
καύχησις; 
James 4:16; 
ῤῆμα, a reproach, 
Matthew 5:11 (
R G; others omit 
ῤῆμα); 
λόγοι, 
3 John 1:10; 
ἔργα, 
John 3:19; 
John 7:7; 
1 John 3:12; 
2 John 1:11; 
Colossians 1:21; 
ἔργον (according to the context) wrong committed against me, 
2 Timothy 4:18; 
αἰτία, charge of crime, 
Acts 25:18 L T Tr marginal reading 
WH marginal reading The neuter 
πονηρόν, and 
τό πονηρόν, substantively, 
evil, that which is wicked: 
εἶδος πονηροῦ (see 
εἶδος, 2; (others take 
πονηροῦ here as an adjective, and bring the example under 
εἶδος, 1 (
R. V. marginal reading 
appearance of evil))), 
1 Thessalonians 5:22; 
2 Thessalonians 3:3 (where 
τοῦ πονηροῦ is held by many to be the genitive of the masculine 
ὁ πονηρός, but cf. Lünemann ad loc.); (
τί πονηρόν, 
Acts 28:21); opposed to 
τό ἀγαθόν, 
Luke 6:45; 
Romans 12:9; plural (
Winer's Grammar, § 34, 2), 
Matthew 9:4; 
Luke 3:19; wicked deeds, 
Acts 25:18 Tr text 
WH text; 
ταῦτα τά πονηρά, 
these evil things i. e. the vices just enumerated, 
Mark 7:23. 
    
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