ἄνθρωπος, -ου, ὁ, [perhaps from ἀνήρ and ὤψ, i. e. man's face: Curtius, § 422; Vanicek, p. 9. From Homer down]; man. It is used
1. universally, with reference to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: John 16:21. And in this sense
a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals: Matthew 4:4 (ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος); Matthew 12:35 (ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθ. every good person); Matthew 15:11, 18; Mark 2:27; Mark 7:15, 18, 20; Luke 4:4; John 2:25 [Winer's Grammar, § 18, 8]; John 7:51; Romans 7:1, etc.
b. so that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order;
α. from animals, plants, etc.: Luke 5:10; Matthew 4:19; Matthew 12:12; 2 Peter 2:16; Revelation 9:4, 7, 10, 15, 18; Revelation 11:13, etc.
β. from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels: Matthew 10:32; Matthew 19:6; Mark 10:9; Luke 2:15 [T WH omit; L Tr brackets] (opposed to angels); John 10:33; Acts 10:26; Acts 14:11; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; Galatians 1:10, 12; 1 Corinthians 3:21; 1 Corinthians 7:23; Philippians 2:7, (8); 1 Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 8:2; Hebrews 13:6; 1 Peter 2:4, etc.
c. with the added notion of weakness, by which man is led into mistake or prompted to sin: οὐκ ἄνθρωποί; [R G σαρκικοί] ἐστε; 1 Corinthians 3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, 1 Corinthians 2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, 1 Peter 4:2; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε ye conduct yourselves as men, 1 Corinthians 3:3; λαλεῖν or λέγειν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, to speak according to human modes of thinking, 1 Corinthians 9:8; Romans 3:5; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω, I speak as a man to whom analogies from human affairs present themselves, while I illustrate divine things by an example drawn from ordinary human life, Galatians 3:15; κατὰ ἄνθρ. θηριομαχεῖν, as man is wont to fight, urged on by the desire of gain, honor and other earthly advantages, 1 Corinthians 15:32: οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ ἄνθρ. is not accommodated to the opinions and desires of men, Galatians 1:11; [for examples of κατὰ ἄνθ. in secular authors see Wetstein on Romans as above]; with the accessory notion of malignity: προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Matthew 10:17; εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, Matthew 17:22; Luke 9:44.
d. with the adjunct notion of contempt (as sometimes in Greek writings): John 5:12; the address ὦ ἄνθρωπε, or ἄνθρωπε, is one either of contempt and disdainful pity, Romans 9:20 (Plato, Gorgias, p. 452 b. σὺ δὲ... τίς εἶ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε), or of gentle rebuke, Luke 22:58, 60. The word serves to suggest commiseration: ἴδε [T Tr WH ἰδοὺ] ὁ ἄνθρ. behold the man in question, maltreated, defenseless, John 19:5.
e. with a reference to the twofold nature of man, ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body: Romans 7:22; Ephesians 3:16; 2 Corinthians 4:16, (Plato, rep. 9, 589 a. ὁ ἐντὸς ἄνθρωπος; Plotinus Enn. 5, 1, 10 ὁ εἴσω ἄνθρ.; cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 61f. [Meyer on Romans, the passage cited; Ellicott on Ephesians, the passage cited]); ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδιας ἀνθρ. 1 Peter 3:4.
f. with a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, ὁ παλαιός (the corrupt) and ὁ καινὸς (ὁ νέος) ἄνθρ. (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God): Romans 6:6; Ephesians 2:15; Ephesians 4:22, 24; Colossians 3:9f.
g. with a reference to the sex, (contextually) a male: John 7:22f.
2. indefinitely, without the article, ἄνθρωπος,
a. someone, a (certain) man, when who he is either is not known or is not important: equivalent to τὶς, Matthew 17:14; Matthew 21:28; Matthew 22:11; Mark 12:1; Mark 14:13; Luke 5:18; Luke 13:19, etc. with the addition of τὶς, Matthew 18:12; Luke 10:30; Luke 14:2, 16; Luke 15:11; Luke 16:1, 19; John 5:5. in address, where the speaker either cannot or will not give the name, Luke 5:20; or where the writer addresses any and every reader, Romans 2:1, 3.
b. where what is said holds of every man, so that ἄνθρ. is equivalent to the German indefinite man, one: Romans 3:28; 1 Corinthians 4:1; 1 Corinthians 7:1; 1 Corinthians 11:28; Galatians 2:16. So also where opposed to domestics, Matthew 10:36; to a wife, Matthew 19:10; to a father, Matthew 10:35; to the master of a household, Luke 12:36f — in which passages many, confounding sense and signification, incorrectly say that the word ἄνθρ. signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant.
3. in the plural οἱ ἄνθρ. is sometimes (the) people, German die Leute: Matthew 5:13, 16; Matthew 6:5, 18; Matthew 8:27; Matthew 16:13; Luke 11:44; Mark 8:24, 27; John 4:28; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων (nemo hominum) no one, Mark 11:2; 1 Timothy 6:16.
4. It is joined
a. to another substantive — a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic — the idea of the predicate predominating [Winer's Grammar, § 59, 1]: ἄνθρωπος ἔμπορος a merchant (-man), Matthew 13:45 [WH text omits ἀνθρ.]; οἰκοδεσπότης, Matthew 13:52; Matthew 20:1; Matthew 21:33; βασιλεύς, Matthew 18:23; Matthew 22:2; φάγος, Matthew 11:19. (So in Hebrew סָרִיס אִישׁ a eunuch, Jeremiah 38:7f, כֹּהֵן אִישׁ a priest, Leviticus 21:9; also in Greek writings: ἄνθ. ὁδίτης, Homer, Iliad 16, 263, elsewhere; cf. Matthiae, § 430, 6; [Krüger § 57, 1, 1]; but in Attic this combination generally has a contemptuous force; cf. Bernhardy, p. 48; in Latin homo gladiator, Cicero, epistles ad diversos 12, 22, 1).
b. to a gentile noun: ἄνθ. Κυρηναῖος, Matthew 27:32; ίουδαῖος, Acts 21:39; Ῥωμαῖος, Acts 16:37; Acts 22:25 (according to the context, a Roman citizen).
5. ὁ ἄνθρ., with the article, the particular man under consideration, who he is being plain from the context: Matthew 12:13; Matthew 26:72; Mark 3:5; Luke 23:6; John 4:50. οὗτος ὁ ἄνθ., Luke 14:30; John 9:16, 24 [L Tr marginal reading WH]; John 11:47; ὁ ἄνθ. οὗτος, Mark 14:71; Luke 23:4, 14, 47; John 9:24 [R G T Tr text]: John 18:17; Acts 6:13; Acts 22:26; Acts 26:31, 32. ὁ ἀνθ. ἐκεῖνος, Matthew 12:45; Matthew 26:24; Mark 14:21.
6. Phrases: ὁ ἄνθ. τῆς ἁμαρτίας (or with T Tr text WH text, τ. ἀνομίας), 2 Thessalonians 2:3, see ἁμαρτία, 1, p. 30f. ἄνθ. τοῦ θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God's minister: 1 Timothy 6:11; 2 Timothy 3:17 (of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles); 2 Peter 1:21 (of prophets, like אֱלֹהִים אִישׁ often in the O. T.; cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus i., p. 85). For ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου and υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρ., see under υἱός.

BLB Scripture Index of Thayer's