The Hebrew Alphabet
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You will notice in the Hebrew alphabet that there are five letters with an asterisk (*) beside them (ך ,כ ,כּ* [k]; ם ,מ* [m]; ן,נ* [n]; ף , פ , פּ* [p]; ץ ,צ* [ṣ]), and the asterisk is indicating the five, final forms of those letters; i.e., this is how that letter will appear when it is the final letter of a word. Otherwise, it will appear as the initial form when it is at the beginning or middle of a word (e.g., the נ [n] in נָבִיא’ [nābi’] is at the beginning of the word, but in צֹאן – [ṣō’n], נ [n] is the final letter of the word and takes the final form, ן [n], and this will be the case with the other four letters that also have a final form). In addition, you will also notice that there are six letters that have a form with a dot in the middle of the word, as well as a form without the dot. Those letters are: ב ,בּ (b); ג ,גּ (g); ד ,דּ (d); ך ,כ ,כּ (k); ף ,פ ,פּ (p); ת ,תּ (t).
The letter with the dot in the middle is called a non-spirantized letter, and the letter without the dot is called a spirantized letter. The dot itself is called a daghesh lene, and we will discuss this further below, but suffice it to say that all of these forms, dots, etc., are important for you to know in learning the proper pronunciation of the letters.
For PDFs to help you in your studies, click or tap the images below:
The Biblical Hebrew Alphabet - Cursive
The Biblical Hebrew Alphabet - Final Forms and Consonants
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* 'Number Delimiters' only apply to 'Paragraph Order'
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