Thayer's Lexicon Abbreviations Etc.

Contents:

1. List of Ancient Authors Quoted or Referred to in the Lexicon
2. List of Books
3. Explanations and Abbreviations

List of Ancient Authors Quoted or Referred to in the Lexicon:

N. B. In the preparation of this list, free use has been made of the lists in the Lexicons of Liddell and Scott and of Sophocles, also of Freund's Triennium Philologicum (1874) vols. i. and ii., of Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, of Smith and Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography, of Englishmann's Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum (8th ed. 1880), and of other current works of reference. An asterisk (*) before a date denotes birth, and obelisk (†) death.

Author	BC	AD
ACHILLES TATIUS		500?
Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, etc. at the earliest from		2nd cent.+
AELIAN		c. 180
AESCHINES	345
AESCHYLUS	*525, †456
AESOP [a]	570
AETIUS		c. 500
AGATHARCHIDES	117?
ALCAEUS MYTILENAEUS	610
ALCIPHRON		200?
ALCMAN	610
ALEXIS	350
AMBROSE, Bp. of Milan		374
AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS		†c. 400
AMMONIUS, the grammarian		390
ANACREON [b]	530
ANAXANDRIDES	350
ANAXIMANDER	580
ANDOCIDES	405
ANTIPHANES	380
ANTIPHON	412
ANTONINUS, M. AURELIUS		†180
APOLLODORUS of Athens	140
APOLLONIUS DYSCOLUS		140
APOLLONIUS RHODIUS	200
APPIAN		150
APPULEIUS		160
AQUILA (translator of the O. T.)		2nd cent. (under Hadrian.)
ARATUS	270
ARCHILOCHUS	700
ARCHIMEDES, the mathematician	250
ARCHYTAS	c. 400
ARETAEUS		80?
ARISTAENETUS		450?
ARISTEAS [c]	270
ARISTIDES, P. AELIUS		160
ARISTOPHANES	*444, †380
ARISTOPHANES, the grammarian	200
ARISTOTLE	*384, †322
ARRIAN (pupil and friend of Epictetus)		*c. 100
ARTEMIDORUS DALDIANUS (oneiro-critica)		160
ATHANASIUS		†373
ATHENAEUS, the grammarian		228
ATHENAGORUS of Athens		177?
AUGUSTINE, Bp. of Hippo		†430
AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS		†c. 390
BABRIUS (see Rutherford, Babrius, Intr. ch. i.)	(some say 50?)	c. 225
BARNABAS, Epistle written		c. 100?
Baruch, Apocryphal Book of		c. 75?
Baslilica, the [d]		c. 900
BASIL THE GREAT, Bp. of Caesarea		†379
BASIL of Seleucia		450
Bel and the Dragon	2nd cent.?
BION	200
CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS	†March 15; 44
CALLIMACHUS	260
Canons and Constitutions, Apostolic		3rd and 4th cent.
CAPITOLINUS, JULIUS (one of the "Hist. August. scriptores sex")		c. 310
CEBES	399
CEDRENUS		1050
CELSUS, A. CORNELIUS, the medical writer		20
CHARES	320
CHARITON		450 ?
CHRYSIPPUS of Tyana (in Athenenaeus)		?
CHRYSOSTOM, DIO, the orator, see Dio Chrys.
CHRYSOSTOM, JOHN, Bp. of Constantinople		†407
CICERO	†Dec. 7, 43
CLEMENS ALEXANDRINUS		200
CLEMENS ROMANUS, Epistle written		93-97
CLEOMEDES		100 ?
COLUMELLA		50
CONSTANTINUS PORPHYROGENITUS, emporer from		911-959
Constitutiones apostolicae		3rd and 4th cent.
CRATINUS	†423
CRITIAS	411
CTESIAS	401
CURTIUS		50
CYPRIAN		†257
CYRIL of Alexandria		†444
CYRIL of Jerusalem		†386
DEMOCRITUS	430
DEMOSTHENES	*385, †322
DEXIPPUS, the historian		c. 270
DIDYMUS of Alexandria		c. 395
DIO CASSIUS		200
DIO CHRYSOSTOM		100
DIOCLES	470
DIODORUS SICULUS	40
DIOGENES LAËRTIUS		c. 200
DIOGNETUS, Epistle to		2nd or 3rd cent.
DIONYSIUS PSEUDO-AREOPAGITA		500 ?
DIONYSIUS of Halicarnassus	30
DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES		300 ?
DIOSCORIDES		100 ?
DIPHILUS	300
Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach; Grk. trans.)	c. 132?
ENNIUS	†169
Enoch, Book of	2nd cent.+
EPHREM SYRUS		c. 375
EPICHARMUS	480
EPICTETUS		100
EPICURUS	*342, †270
EPIMENIDES	600
EPIPHANIUS, Bp. of Salamis		†403
ERATOSTHENES	† c. 196
Esdras, First Book of  (Vulgate Third)	1st cent.?
Esdras, Second Book of (Vulgate Fourth)		1st cent. ?
Esther, Additions to	2nd cent. ?
Etymologicum Magnum		1000?
EUBULUS	350
EUCLID	300
EUPOLIS	429
EURIPIDES	*480, †406
EUSEBIUS, Bp. of Caesarea [e]		† c. 340
EUSTATHIUS of Constantinople, grammarian		1160
EUTHYMIUS ZIGABENUS or Zigadenus (Zygadenus)		1100
FLORUS, JULIUS		c. 125
GALEN		*131, †c. 197
GELLIUS, AULUS (author of Noctes Atticae)		150
GENESIUS		950
Geoponica (20 bks. on agriculture compiled by Cassianus Bassus)		c. 925
GERMANUS of Constantinople, the younger		c. 1230
GORGIAS of Leontini	430
GREGOR of Nazianzus		†390
GREGORY of Nyssa		†395
HARPOCRATION (lexicon to the Ten Attic Orators)		350 ?
HECATAEUS	510
HEGESIPPUS (quoted in Eusebius)		c. 175
HELIODORUS, Bp. of Tricca in Thessaly		390 ?
HERACLIDES PONTICUS (but the Alleg. Homer. are spurious)	390
HERACLITUS	500
HERMAS		140 ?
HERMIPPUS	432
HERMOGENES		170
HERO ALEXANDRINUS	250
HERODIAN, the gramarian		160
HERODIAN, the historian		†240
HERODOTUS	*484, †408
HESIOD	850 ?
HESYCHIUS of Alexandria, the lexicographer		600 ?
HIEROCLES		450
HIERONYMUS, see Jerome.
HIMERIUS		360
HIPPOCRATES	430
HIPPOLYTUS		225
HIPPONAX	540
HIRTIUS (the continuator of Caesar's Commentaries)	†43
HOMER	900 ?
HORAPOLLO, grammarian		400 ?
HORACE	†8
HYPERIDES	†322
IGNATIUS		c. 110
IRENAEUS, Bp. of Lyons		178
ISAEUS	370
ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS, Bp. of Seville		†636
ISOCRATES	*436, †338
JAMBLICHUS		300
Jeremiah, Ep. of (6th ch. of Baruch)		1st cent. ?
JEROME (Sophronius (?) Eusebius Hieronymus)		†420
JOANNES DAMASCENUS		730
JOANNES MOSCHUS		†620
JOSEPHUS		75
Judith	175-100
JULIAN, Roman emporer from		361-363
JUSTINIAN, Roman emporer from		527-565
JUSTIN, the historian		150 ?
JUSTIN MARTYR		150
JEVENAL		100
LACTANTIUS		310
LAMPRIDIUS, the historian		310
LEO 'Philosophus', emperor		886
LIBANIUS, the rhetorician		350
LIVY	*59	†17
LONGINUS		250
LONGUS		400 ?
LUCAN, the epic poet		†65
LUCIAN of Samosata, the satirist		160 ?
LUCILIUS, the Roman satirist	†103
LUCRETIUS, the Roman poet	†55
LYCOPHRON	c. 270
LYCURGUS of Athens, the orator	†329
LYNCEUS	300
LYSIAS, the Athenian orator, opened his school	410
LYSIPPUS	434
MACARIUS		c. 350
Maccabees, First Book of	105-63?
Maccabees, Second Book of	c. 75?
Maccabees, Third Book of		c. 40?
Maccabees, Fourth Book of	1st cent.?
MACHON	280
MACROBIUS		420
MALALAS, JOHN, the annalist		600 ?
Manasses, Prayer of	1st cent.?
MANETHO, the Egyptian priest	300
MARCION		140
MAXIMUS TYRIUS	150
MELA, POMPONIUS, the Roman geographer		45
MELEAGER, the found of the epigram. Anthologies	60
MELITO, Bp. of Sardis		c. 175
MENANDER, the poet	325
MENANDER, the Byzantine historian		583
MIMNERMUS, the poet	c. 600
MOERIS, the "Atticist" and lexicographer		2nd cent.
MOSCHION		110?
MOSCHUS	200
MUSONIUS RUFUS		66
NEMESIUS		400 ?
NEPOS	*90, †24
NICANDER	160 ?
NICEPHORUS, patriarch of Constantinople		†828
NICEPHORUS BRYENNIUS, the historian		†1137
NICEPHORUS GREGORAS, Byzantine historian		†1359
NICETAS ACOMINATUS (also Choniates), Byzantine Historian		1200
Nicodemus, Gospel of, see Acts of Pilate
NICOLAUS, DAMASCENUS	14
NICOMACHUS GERASENUS		50
NILUS, the pupil and friend of John Chrystostom		420
NONNUS of Panopolis in Upper Egypt, the poet		500 ?
NUMENIUS of Apameia, the philosopher (as quoted by Origen)		c. 150
NUMENIUS (as quoted by Athen.)	c. 350
OCELLUS LUCANUS	400 ?
OECUMENIUS, Bp. of Tricca		950 ?
OLYMPIODORUS, the Neo-Platonic philospher		525
OPPIAN of Anazarbus in Cilicai (auth. of the Halieutika)		180 ?
OPPIAN of Apameia in Syria (auth. Of the Kynegetica		210 ?
ORIGEN		†c. 254
OROSIUS PAULUS		415
Orphica, the		?
OVID		†17
PALAEPHATUS	?
PAPIAS, Bp. of Hierapolis, first half of		2nd cent.
PAUSANIAS		160
PETRUS ALEXANDRINUS		†311
PHALARIS, spurious epistles of		?
PHAVORINUS, VARINUS [f]
PHILEMON, COMICUS	330
PHILO		39
PHILODEMUS	50
PHILOSTRATUS		237
PHOCYLIDES	540
PSEUDO-PHOCYLIDES (in the Sibyl. Orac., q. v.)		1st cent. ?
PHOTIUS		850
PHRYNICHUS, the grammarian		180
PHYLARCHUS	210
PINDAR	*521 (4 yrs. After Aeschylus, †441
PLATO, COMICUS, contemporary of Aristophanes	427
PLATO, the philosopher	*427, †347
PLAUTUS	†184
PLINY the elder, the naturalist		†79
PLINY the younger, the nephew and adopted son of the preceeding		†113
PLOTINUS, the philosopher		†270
PLUTARCH		†120
POLLUX, author of the Onomastikon		180
POLYAENUS, author of the Strategemata		163
POLYBIUS	†122
POLYCARP		†155, Feb. 23
PORPHYRY, pupil of Plotinus		270
POSIDIPPUS	280
POSIDONIUS, philosopher (teacher of Cicero and Pompey)	78
PROCLUS, philosopher		450
PROPERTIUS	*48, †16
Protevangelium Jacobi		2nd cent.
Psalter of Solomon	63-48?
PSELLUS the younger, philosopher		1050
PTOLEMY, the geographer		160
PYTHAGORAS	531
QUINTILIAN, rhetorician, teacher of Pliny the younger		†95
QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS		380 ?
SALLUST	*86, †35
Sapientia (Sal.), see Wisdom of Solomon
SAPPHO	610
SENECA, L. ANNAEUS, the philosopher (son of the rhetorician)		†65
Septuagint, Greek translation of the O.T.	c. 280-150
SEXTUS EMPIRICUS		225 ?
Sibylline Oracles, of various dates, ranging perhaps from	170	to the 4th cent.
SILIUS ITALICUS, poet		†101
SIMONIDES of Amorgos, "Iambographus"	693
SIMONIDES of Ceos (author of the epitaph on the Spartans that fell at Thermopylae)	525
SIMPLICIUS, the commentator on Aristotle and Epictetus		500
Sirach, see Ecclesiasticus
SOCRATES 'Scholasticus', of Constantinople, historian		439
SOCRATES (in Stobaeus)
SOLINUS, surnamed Polyhistor		300 ?
Solomon, Psalms of, see Psalter etc.
Solomon, Wisdom of, see Wisdom etc.
SOLON, the lawgiver and poet	594
Song of the Three Children	2nd cent.?
SOPHOCLES	*496, †406
SOPHRONIUS of Damascus		638
SOTADES	?
SOZOMEN, historian		450
STATIUS, the Roman Poet		†96
STOBAEUS, I.e. John of Stobi in Macedonia (compiler of Anthol.)		500 ?
STRABO, the geographer	*66	†24
STRATON, epigrammatist		150?
STRATTIS, comic poet	407
SUETONIUS, the historian, friend of Pliny the younger		†160
SUÏDAS, the lexicographer		1100 ?
Susanna	1st cent.?
SYMMACHUS (translator of the O.T. into Greek)		200 ?
SYNESIUS, pagan philosopher and bishop of Ptolemais		410
TACITUS		†c. 117
TATIAN		c. 160
Teaching of the Twelve Apostles		2nd cent. ?
TERENCE	†159
TERTULLIAN		†220 ?
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs		c. 125 ?
THEAGES	?
THEMISTIUS		355
THEOCRITUS	280
THEODORET		420
THEODORUS METOCHITA		1300
THEODOTION (translator of the O.T. into Greek) before		160
THEOGNIS	540
THEOPHILUS, Bp. of Antioch		180
THEOPHRASTUS, pupil and successor of Aristotle	322
THEOPHYLACT, Abp. of Bulgaria		1078
THEOPHYLACT SIMOCATTA		610
THOMAS MAGISTER, lexicographer and grammarian		1310
THUCYDIDES	423
TIBULLUS	†18
TIMAEUS, the historian of Sicily	260
TIMAEUS the Sophist, author of Lexicon to Plato		250 ?
TIMAEUS of Locri, Pythagorean philosopher	375 ?
TIMON, the "Sillographus" or satirist	c. 279
TIMOCLES	350
Tobit	c. 200 ?
TRYPHIODORUS, a versifier		400 ?
TZETZES, Byzantine grammarian and poet		1150
VALERIUS MAXIMUS		30
VARRO, "vir Romanorum eruditissimus" (Quintil.)	†26
VEGETIUS, on the art of war		420 ?
VERGIL	†19
VITRUVIUS, the only Roman writer on architecture	30
VOPISCUS, historian (cf. Capitolinus)		c. 310
Wisdom of Solomon (abbr. Sap.)	c. 100 ?
XENOPHANES, founder of the Eleatic philosopher	540
XENOPHON (Anabasis)	401
XENOPHON of Ephesus, romancer		400 ?
ZENO of Citium	290
ZENODOTUS, first librarian at Alexandria	280
ZONARAS, the chronicler		1118
ZOSIMUS, Roman historian		420

Footnotes

[a] But the current Fables are not his; on the History of Greek Fable, see Rutherford, Babrius, Introd. ch. ii.

[b] Only a few fragments of the odes ascribed to him are genuine.

[c] But his letter is spurious; see Hody, De Bibl. text. orig. 1. i.; A. Kurz, Arist. ep. etc. (Bern 1872).

[d] The law-book of the Byzantine Empire, founded upon the work of Justinian and consisting of sixty books. It was begun under the emperor Basil of Macedonia (†886), completed under his son Leo, and revised in 945 under Constantine Porphyrogenitus; (ed. Heimbach, 6 vols. 1833-70)

[e] Called Pamphili (as friend of the martyr Pamphilus).

[f] The Latin name of the Italian Guarino Favorino, who died A. D. 1537, and was the author of a Greek Lexicon compiled mainly from Suïdas, Hesychius, Harpocration, Eustathius, and Phrynichus. 1st ed. Rome, 1523, and often elsewhere since.

List of Books

Referred to merely by their author's name or by some extreme abridgment of the title.
Alberti	=	Joannes Alberti, Observationes Philologicae in sacros Novi Foederis Libros. Lugd. Bat., 1735.
Aristotle:		When pages are cited, the reference is to the edition of the Berlin Academy (edited by Bekker and Brandis; index by Bonitz) 5 vols. 4to, 1831-1870. Of the Rhertoric, Sandys's edition of Cope (3 vols., Cambridge, 1877) has been used.
Bäumlein	=	W. Bäumlein, Untersuchungen über griechisch Partikeln. Stuttgart, 1861.
B.D.	=	Dr. William Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, 3 vols. London, 1860-64. The American edition (4 vols., N.Y. 1868-1870), revised and edited by Professors Hackett and Abbot, has been the edition used, and is occasionally referred to by the abbreviation "Am. ed."
BB.DD.	=	Bible Dictionaries:-comprising especially the work just named, and the third edition of Kitto's Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature, edited by Dr. W.L. Alexander: 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1870.
Bnhdy.	=	G. Bernhardy, Wissenschaftliche Syntax der Grichischen Sprache. Berlin, 1829.
B.	=	Alexander Buttman, Grammar of the New Testament Greek. (Authorized Translation with numerous Additions and Corrections by the Author: Andover, 1873.) Unless otherwise indicated, the reference is to the page of the translation, with the corresponding page of the German original added in a parenthesis.
Bttm. Ausf. Spr. or Sprchl.	=	Philipp Buttman, Ausführliche Griechische Sprachlehre. (2d ed., 1st vol. 1830, 2d vol. 1839.)
Bttm. Gram.	=	Philipp Buttmann's Griechische Grammatik. The edition used (though not the latest) is the twenty-first (edited by Alexander Buttmann: Berlin, 1863). Its sections agree with those of the eighteenth edition, translated by Dr. Robinson and published by Harper & Brothers, 1851. When the page is given, the translation is referred to.
Bttm. Lexil.	=	Philipp Buttmann's Lexilogus u. s. w. (1st vol. 2d. ed. and 2d. Vol. Berlin, 1825.) The work was translated and edited by J.R. Fishlake, and issued in one volume by John Murray, London, 1836.
"Bible Educator"	=	a collection (with the preceding name) of miscellaneous papers on biblical topics by various writers under the editorship of Rev. Professor E. H. Plumptre, and published in 4 vols. (without date) by Cassell, Petter, and Galphin.
Chandler	=	Henry W. Chandler, A Practical Introduction to Greek Accentuation. Second edition, revised: Oxford, 1881.
Cremer	=	Hermann Cremer, Biblisch-theologisches Wöterbuch der Neutestamentlichen Gräcität. 'Third greatly enlarged and improved Edition' nine parts (comprising nearly two thirds of the work) have come to hand, and are occasionally referred to. A translation of the second German edition was published in 1878 by the Messrs. Clark.
Curtius	=	Georg Curtius, Grundzuüge der Griechischen Etymologie. Fifth edition, with the co-operation of Ernst Windisch: Leipzig, 1879.
Dict. of Antiq.	=	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Edited by Dr. William Smith. Second edition: Boston and London, 1869, also 1873.
Dict. of Biog.	=	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Edited by Dr. William Smith. 3 vols. Boston and London, 1849.
Dict. of Chris. Antiq.	=	A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, being a Continuation of the Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by Dr. William Smith and Professor Samuel Cheetham. 2 vols. 1875-1880
Dict. of Chris. Biog.	=	A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines; etc. Edited by Dr. William Smith and Professor Henry Wace: vol. i. 1877; vol. ii. 1880; vol. iii. 1882; (not yet complete).
Dict. of Geogr.	=	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Edited by Dr. William Smith. 2 vols. 1854-1857.
Edersheim	=	Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. 2 vols. Second edition, stereotyped. London and New York, 1884.
Elsner	=	J. Elsner, Observationes sacrae in Novi Foederis libros etc. 2 vols., Traj. ad Rhen. 1720, 1728.
Etym. Magn.	=	the Etymologicum Magnum (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) Gaisford's edition (1 vol. folio, Oxford, 1848) has been used.
Fick	=	August Fick, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen. Third edition. 4 vols. Göttingen, 1874-1876.
Göttling	=	Carl Goettling, Allgemeine Lehre vom Accent der griechischen Sprache. Jena, 1835.
Goodwin	=	W. W. Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb. 4th edition revised. Boston and Cambridge, 1871.
Graecus Venetus	=	the Greek version of the Pentateuch, Prov., Ruth, Canticles, Eccl., Lam., Dan., according to a unique MS. in the Library of St. Mark's, Venice; edited by O. v. Gebhardt. Lips. 1875, 8vo pp. 592.
Green	=	Thomas Sheldon Green, A Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament etc. etc. A new Edition. London, Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1862. Also, by the same author, "Critical Notes on the New Testament, supplementary to his Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament Dialect." London, Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1867.
Hamburger	=	J. Hamburger, Real-Encyclopädie für Bibel und Talmud. Strelitz. First Part 1870; Second Part 1883.
Herm. ad. Vig.		see Vig. ed. Herm.
Herzog	=	Real-Encyklopädie für Protestantische Theologie und Kirche. Edited by Herzog. 21 vols. with index, 1854-1868.
Herzon 2 or ed. 2	=	a second edition of the above (edited by Herzog†, Plitt†, and Hauck), begun in 1877 and not yet complete.
Hesych.	=	Hesychius (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) The edition used is that of M. Schmidt (5 vols. Jena, 1858-1868).
Jelf	=	W. E. Jelf, A Grammar of the Greek Language. Third edition. Oxford and London, 2 vols. 1861. (Subsequent editions have been issued, but without, it is believed, material alteration.)
Kautzsch	=	E. Kautzsch, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen. Leipzig, 1884.
Keim	=	Theodor Keim, Geschichte Jesu von Nazara u. s. w. 3 vols Zürich, 1867-1872.
Klotz ad Devar.	=	Mattaeus Devarius, Liber de Graecae Linguae Particulis, ed. R. Klotz, Lips., vol. i. 1835, vol. ii. sect. 1, 1840, vol. ii. sect 2, 1842.
Krebs, Observv.	=	J. T. Krebsii Observationes in Nov. Test. e Flavio Josepho. Lips. 1755.
Krüger	=	K. W. Krüger, Griechische Sprachlehre für Schulen. Fourth improved and enlarged edition, 1861 sq.
Kypke, Observv.	=	G. D. Kypke, Observationes sacrae in Novi Foederis libros ex auctoribus potissimum Graecis et antiquitatibus. 2 vols. Wratisl. 1755.
L. and S.	=	Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon etc. Seventh edition, 1883.
Lob. ad Phryn.		Phryn. ed. Lob.
Loesner	=	C. F. Loesneri Observationes ad Novum Test. e Philone Alexandrino. Lips. 1777.
Lghtft.	=	Dr. John Lightfoot, the learned Hebraist of the 17th century.
Bp. Lghtft.	=	J. B. Lightfoot, D.D., Bishop of Durham; the 8th edition of his commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians is the one referred to, the 7th edition of his commentary on Philippians, the 7th edition of his commentary on Colossians and Philemon.
Lipsius	=	K. H. A. Lipsius, Grammatische Untersuchungen über die Biblische Gräcität (edited by Prof. R. A. Lipsius, the author's son). Leipzig, 1863.
Matthiae	=	August Matthiä, Ausführlich Griechische Grammatik. Third edition, 3 Pts., Leipz. 1835.
McC. and S.	=	McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. 10 vols. 1867-1881; with Supplement, vol. i. (1885), vol. ii. with Addenda (1887). New York: Harper and Brothers.
Meisterhans	=	K. Meisterhans, Grammatik der Attischen Inschriften. Berlin, 1885. (2d edition, 1888.)
Mullach	=	F. W. A. Mullach, Grammatik der Griechischen Vulgarsprache u. s. w. Berlin, 1856
Munthe	=	C. F. Munthe, Observationes philolog. in sacros Nov. Test. libros ex Diod. Sic. collectae etc. (Hafn. et Lips. 1755.)
Palairet	=	E. Palairet, Observationes philol.-crit. in sacros Novi Foederis libros etc. Lugd. Bat. 1752.
Pape	=	W. Pape, Griechisch-Deutsches Handwörterbuch. Second edition. 2 vols. Brunswick, 1866. A continuation of the preceding work is the "Wörterbuch der Griechischen Eigennamen." Third edition, edited by G. E. Benseler. 1863-1870.
Passow	=	Franz Passow's Handwörterbuch der Griechischen Sprache as re-edited by Rost, Palm, and others. Leipz. 1841-1857.
Phryn. ed. Lob.	=	Phrynichi Eclogae Nominum et Verborum Atticorum etc. as edited by C. A. Lobeck. Leipzig, 1820. (Cf. Rutherford.)
Poll.	=	Pollux (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) The edition used is that published at Amsterdam, 1 vol. folio, 1706. (The most serviceable is that of William Dindorf, 5 vols. 8vo, Leipzig, 1824.)
Pss. of Sol.	=	Psalter of Solomon; see List of Ancient Authors, etc.
Raphel	=	G. Raphelii annotationes in Sacram Scripturam... ex Xen., Polyb., Arrian., et Herodoto collectae. 2 vols. Lugd. Bat. 1747.
Riddell, Platonic Idioms	=	A Digest of Idioms given as an Appendix to "The Apology of Plato" as edited by the Rev. James Riddell, M.A.; Oxford, 1867.
Riehm (or Riehm, HWB.)	=	Handwörterbuch des Biblischen Altertums u.s. w. edited by Professor Edward C. A. Riehm in nineteen parts (2 vols.) 1875-1884.
Rutherford, New Phryn.	=	The New Phrynichus, being a revised text of the Ecloga of the Grammarian Phrynichus, etc., by W. Gunion Rutherford. London, 1881.
Schaff-Herzog	=	A Religious Encyclopaedia etc. by Philip Schaff and associates. 3 vols. 1882-1884. Funk and Wagnalls, New York.
Schenkel (or Schenkel, BL.)	=	Bibel-Lexikon u. s. w. edited by Professor Daniel Schenkel. 5 vols. Leipz. 1869-1875.
Schmidt	=	J. H. Heinrich Schmidt, Synonymik der Griechischen Sprache. 4 vols. Leipz. 1876, 1878, 1879, 1886,.
Schöttgen	=	Christiani Schoettgenii Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae etc. 2 vols. Dresden and Leipzig, 1733, 1742.
Schürer	=	Emil Schürer, Lehrbuch der Neutestamentlichen Zeitgeschichte. Leipzig, 1874. The "Second Part" of a new and revised edition has already appeared under the title of Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, and to this new edition (for the portion of the original work which it covers) the references have been made, although for convenience the title of the first edition has been retained. An English translation is appearing at Edinburgh (T. and T. Clark).
Scrivener, F. H. A.:	-	A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament etc. Third edition. Cambridge and London, 1883. Bezae Codex Cantabrigiensis etc. Cambridge and London, 1864. A Full Collation of the Codex Sinaiticus with the Received Text of the New Testament etc. Second Edition, Revised. Cambridge and London, 1867. Six Lectures on the Text of the New Testament etc. Cambridge and London, 1875
Sept.	=	the translation of the Old Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint. Unless otherwise stated, the sixth edition of Tischendorf's texts (edited by Nestle) is referred to; 2 vols. (with supplement), Leipzig, 1880. The double verse-notation occasionally given in the Apocryphal books has reference to the edition of the Apocrypha and select Pseudepigrapha by O. F. Fritzsche; Leipzig, 1871. Readings peculiar to the Complutensian, Aldine, Vatican, or Alexandrian form of the text are marked respectively by an appended Comp., Ald., Vat., Alex. For the first two the testimony of the edition of Lambert Bos, Franck. 1709, has been relied on. The abbreviations Aq., Symm., Theod. or Theodot., appended to a reference to the O. T. denote respectively the Greek versions ascribed to Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion; see List of Ancient Authors, etc. "Lag." designates the text as edited by Paul Lagarde, of which the first half appeared at Gottingen in 1883.

Explanations and Abbreviations

As respects Punctuation-it should be noticed, that since only those verbal forms (or their representatives) are given in the Lexicon which actually occur in the Greek Testament, it becomes necessary to distinguish between a form of the Present Tense which is in use, and one which is given merely to secure for a verb its place in the alphabet. This is done by putting a semi-colon after a Present which is a mere alphabetic locum tenens.

Further: a punctuation-mark inserted before a classic voucher or a reference to the Old Testament (whether such voucher or reference be included in a parenthesis or not) indicates that said voucher or reference applies to other passages, definitions, etc., besides the one which it immediately follows. The same principle governs the insertion or the omission of a comma after such abbreviations as "absol.", "pass.", etc.

A hyphen has been placed between the component parts of Greek compounds only in case each separate part is in actual use; otherwise the hyphen is omitted.

[]

Brackets have been used to mark additions by the American editor. To avoid, however, a complexity which might prove to the reader confusing, they have been occasionally dispensed with when the editorial additions serve only to complete a statement already made in part by Professor Grimm (as, in enumerating the forms of verbs, the readings of the critical editors, the verbs compounded with su/n which observe assimilation, etc. etc.); but in no instance have they been intentionally omitted where the omission might seem to attribute to Professor Grimm an opinion for which he is not responsible.

*

An asterisk at the close of an article indicates that all the instances of the word's occurrence in the New Testament are noticed in the article. Of the 5,594 words composing the vocabulary of the New Testament 5300 are marked with an asterisk. To this extent, therefore, the present work may serve as a concordance as well as a lexicon.

A superior ^a or ^b or ^c etc. appended to a verse-numeral designates the first, second, third, etc., occurrence of a given word or construction in that verse. The same letters appended to a page-numeral designate respectively the first, second, third, columns of that page. A small a. b. c. etc. after a page-numeral designates the subdivision of the page.

The various forms of the Greek Text referred to are represented by the following abbreviations:

R or Rec.	=	what is commonly known as the Textus Receptus. Dr. F. H. A. Scrivener's last edition (Cambridge and London 1877) has been taken as the standard.1 To designate a particular form of this "Protean text" an abbreviation has been appended in superior type; as, elz for Elzevir, st for Stephen, bez for Beza, eras for Erasmus.
G or Grsb.	=	the Greek text of Griesbach as given in his manual edition, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1805. Owing to a disregard of the signs by which Griesbach indicated his judgment respecting the various degrees of probability belonging to different readings, he is cited not infrequently, even in critical works, as supporting readings which he expressly questioned, but was not quite ready to expel from the text.
L or Lchm.	=	Lachmann's Greek text as given in his larger edition, 2 vols., Berlin, 1842 and 1850. When the text of his smaller or stereotyped edition (Berlin, 1831) is referred to, the abbreviation "min." or "ster." is added to his initial.
T or Tdf.	=	the text of Tischendorf's "Editio Octava Critica Major" (Leipzig, 1869-1872).
Tr or Treg.	=	"The Greek New Testament" etc. by S. P. Tregelles (London, 1857-1872).
WH	=	"The New Testament in the Original Greek. The Text Revised by Brooke Foss Westcott D.D. and Fenton John Anthony Hort D.D. Cambridge and London, Macmillan and Co. 1881."
KC	=	"Novum Testamentum ad Fidem Codicis Vaticani" as edited by Professors Kuenen and Cobet (Leyden, 1860).

The textual variations noticed are of course mainly those which affect the individual word or construction under discussion. Where an extended passage or entire section is textually debatable (as, for example, Mk. xvi. 9-20; Jn. v. 3 fin.-4; vii. 53 fin.-viii. 11), that fact is assumed to be known, or at least it is not stated under every word contained in the passage.

As respects the Numbering of the Verses - the edition of Robert Stephen, in 2 vols. 16°, Geneva 1551, has been followed as the standard (as it is in the critical editions of Tregelles, Westcott and Hort, etc.). Variations from this standard are indicated by subjoining the variant verse-numeral within marks of parenthesis. The similar addition in the case of references to the Old Testament indicates the variation between the Hebrew notation and the Greek.

In quotations from the English Bible-

A. V.	=	the current or so-called "Authorized Version";
R. V.	=	the Revised New Testament of 1881. But when a rendering is ascribed to the former version it may be assumed to be retained also in the latter, unless the contrary be expressly stated. A translation preceded by R. V. is found in the Revision only.

A. S.	=	Anglo-Saxon.
Abp.	=	Archbishop.
absol.	=	absolutely.
acc. or accus.	=	accusative.
acc. to	=	according to.
ad l. or ad loc.	=	at or on the passage.
al.	=	others or elsewhere.
al. al.	=	others otherwise.
Ald.	=	the Aldine text of the Septuagint (see Sept. in List of Books).
Alex.	=	the Alexandrian text of the Septuagint (see Sept. in List of Books).
ap.	=	(quoted) in
App.	=	Appendix.
appos.	=	apposition.
Aq.	=	Aquila (see Sept. in List of Books).
art.	=	article.
augm.	=	augment.
auth. or author.	=	author or authorities.
B. or Bttm.		see List of Books.
B. D. or BB. DD.		see List of Books.
betw.	=	between.
Bibl.	=	Biblical.
Bp.	=	Bishop.
br.	=	brackets or enlose in brackets.
c. before a date	=	about.
Cantabr.	=	Cambridge
cf.	=	compare.
ch.	=	chapter
cl.	=	clause.
cod., codd.	=	manuscript, manuscripts.
Com., Comm.	=	commentary, commentaries.
comp.	=	compound, compounded, etc.
compar.	=	comparative.
Comp. or Compl.	=	the Complutensian text of the Septuagint (see Sept. in List of Books).
contr.	=	contracted, contract.
dim. or dimin.	=	diminutive.
dir. disc.	=	direct discourse.
e.g.	=	for example.
esp.	=	especially.
ex., exx.	=	example, examples.
exc.	=	except.
excrpt.	=	an excerpt or extract.
fin. or ad fin.	=	at or near the end.
G or Grsb.	=	Griesbach's Greek text (see above)
Graec. Ven.	=	Graecus Venetus (see List of Books).
i.e.	=	that is.
ib. or ibid.	=	in the same place.
indir. disc.	=	indirect discourse.
init. or ad init.	=	at or near the beginning.
in l. or in loc.	=	in or on the passage.
i. q.	=	the same as, or equivalent to.
KC	=	Kuen and Cobet's edition of the Vatican text (see above)
L or Lchm.	=	Lachmann's Greek text (see above)
L. and S.	=	Liddell and Scott (see List of Books).
l. or lib.	=	book.
l. c., ll. cc.	=	passage cited, passages cited.
Lag.	=	Lagarde's edition of the Septuagint (see Sept. in List of Books).
mrg.	=	the marginal reading (of a critical edition of the Greek Testament).
Opp.	=	Works.
opp. to	=	opposed to.
paral.	=	the parallel accounts (in the Synoptic Gospels).
Pt. or pt.	=	part.
q. v.	=	which see.
R or Rec.	=	the common Greek text (see above).
r.	=	root.
rel. or relat.	=	relative.
sc.	=	namely, to wit.
Skr.	=	Sanskrit.
sq., sqq.	=	following.
Steph.	=	Stephanus's Thesaurus (see List of Books).
Stud. u. Krit.	=	the Studien und Kritiken, a leading German Theological Quarterly.
s. v.	=	under the word.
Symm.	=	Symmachus, translator of the Old Testament into Greek (see Sept. in List of Books).
Tr. or Treg.	=	Tregelles's Greek text (see above).
u. i.	=	as below.
u. s.	=	as above.
v.	=	see.
var.	=	variant or variants (various readings).
Vat.	=	the Vatican Greek text (see above, and Sept. in the List of Books).
Vulg.	=	the Vulgate (see List of Books).
w.	=	with (especially before abbreviated names of cases).
writ.	=	writer, writers, writings.
WH	=	Westcott and Hort's Greek text (see above).