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The Blue Letter Bible
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The Bible Says
申命记 23:24-25 含义

另一个爱邻居、不偷窃的例子是,摩西告诉人们,当你进了邻居的葡萄园,就可以吃葡萄,直到吃饱为止(第 24 节)。古时,人们出行时经常会经过别人的田地。在这种情况下,路过别人葡萄园的人可以摘葡萄,吃饱后可以随意吃。但是,不允许把葡萄放在篮子。这种行为等同于偷窃,因为这意味着摘下的葡萄以后可以使用或出售,从而允许摘葡萄的人偷走主人本应获得的利润。

如果有人闯入邻居的庄稼(第 25 节),也适用同样的原则。旅行者可以用手摘下麦穗并立即吃掉,以满足饥饿感。但是,他不能挥动镰刀砍入邻居的庄稼,因为这样做会导致收获过多的谷物,相当于偷窃。

这两条律法都允许以色列人慷慨好客。但与此同时,它们也保护主人不被利用。原因是宗主(统治者)把他们拥有的一切,包括葡萄园和谷地等所有物质财产都给了他们。归根结底,这一切都属于耶和华,因为是他把这些赐给了他的子民(申命记 6:11)。因此,兄弟之爱和慷慨大方应始终践行。田地应该是款待的地方,但农民劳动成果的所有权应受到尊重,不应由他人收获。

这条律法在新约中得到体现。例如,耶稣和门徒饿了,就经过麦田吃了(马太福音 12:1-8)。这段经文的前两节是:“那时,耶稣在安息日从麦地经过,门徒饿了,就掐起麦穗来吃。” 法利赛人看见,就对耶稣说:“你看,你的门徒做安息日不可做的事。”法利赛人并没有抱怨他们摘麦穗并吃它们,因为他们知道申命记中的这段经文允许这样做。他们抱怨的是耶稣的门徒在安息日这样做。

为了满足即时的饥饿而拿取超过需要的食物,就等于从邻居那里偷东西,违反了八诫(申命记 5:19)。但是,为了鼓励慷慨,促进耶和华的盟约人民之间的社区意识,摩西允许过路人进入邻居的田地吃东西,以满足他们即时的食物需求。结果就是耶和华的子民组成了一个好客的盟约社区,但仍然相互信任、相互照顾、尊重彼此的财产。

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