ἐσθίω and
ἔσθω, which see (lengthened forms of
ἔδω (cf.
Curtius, Das Verbum, ii., p. 429)); imperfect
ἤσθιον; 2 aorist
ἔφαγον (from
ΦΑΓΩ); future
φάγομαι (2 person
φάγεσαι,
Luke 17:8 (references under the word
κατακαυχάομαι, at the beginning)), for the classic
ἔδομαι, see Alexander
Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii, p. 185; Kühner, i., p. 824; (
Winers Grammar, 89 (85);
Buttmann, 58 (51); but especially
Veitch, under the word); the
Sept. for
אָכַל; (from
Homer down);
to eat;
Vulg.manduco, (edo, etc.); (of animals,
to devour);
a. absolutely:
Matthew 14:20;
Matthew 15:37,
38;
Matthew 26:26;
Mark 6:31;
Mark 8:8;
John 4:31, and often;
ἐν τῷ φαγεῖν, in eating (the supper),
1 Corinthians 11:21;
διδόναι τίνι φαγεῖν, to give one (something) to eat,
Matthew 14:16;
Matthew 25:35,
42;
Mark 5:43;
Mark 6:37;
Luke 9:13 (and with addition of an accusative of the thing to be eaten,
John 6:31,
52;
ἐκ τίνος,
Revelation 2:7; (cf.
Winer's Grammar, 198f (187f)));
φέρειν τίνι φαγεῖν, to bring one (something) to eat,
John 4:33; specifically in opposition to abstinence from certain kinds of food,
Romans 14:3,
20;
ἐσθίειν καί πίνειν (and
φαγεῖν καί πιεῖν), to use food and drink to satisfy one's hunger and thirst,
1 Corinthians 11:22; contextually, to be supported at the expense of others,
1 Corinthians 9:4; not to shun choice food and in a word to be rather a free-liver, opposed to the narrow and scrupulous notions of those who abstain from the use of wine and certain kinds of food,
Matthew 11:19;
Luke 7:34; opposed to fasting (
τό νηστεύειν),
Luke 5:33; of those who, careless about other and especially graver matters, lead an easy, merry life,
Luke 12:19;
Luke 17:27;
1 Corinthians 15:32 (
Isaiah 22:13); of the jovial use of a sacrificial feast,
1 Corinthians 10:7 from
Exodus 32:6; preceded by a negative, to abstain from all nourishment,
Acts 23:12,
21; to use a spare diet, spoken of an ascetic mode of life,
Matthew 11:18; of fasting,
Acts 9:9;
ἐσθίειν (
καί πίνειν)
μετά τίνος, to dine, feast (in company) with one,
Matthew 9:11;
Mark 2:16;
Luke 5:30; with one (he providing the entertainment), i. e.
at his house, Luke 7:36;
μετά τῶν μεθυόντων etc., of luxurious revelling,
Matthew 24:49;
Luke 12:45;
ἐπί τραπέζης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the food and drink spread out on Christ's table, i. e. to enjoy the blessings of the salvation procured by Christ (which is likened to a banquet),
Luke 22:30;
ἐσθίειν τίνι, to one's honor,
Romans 14:6.
b. construed with an accusative of the thing,
to eat (consume) a thing (
Winer's Grammar, 198 (187) note):
Matthew 6:25;
Mark 1:6;
John 4:32;
John 6:31;
Romans 14:2;
1 Corinthians 8:13;
1 Corinthians 10:25, etc.;
ἄρτον,
to take food, eat a meal (after the Hebrew
לֶחֶם אָכַל,
Genesis 43:25;
Exodus 2:20;
1 Samuel 20:24;
Proverbs 23:7),
Matthew 15:2;
Mark 3:20;
Luke 14:1,
15;
τόν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον, obtained by his own labor,
2 Thessalonians 3:12;
ἄρτον παρά τίνος (the genitive of person) to be supported by one,
2 Thessalonians 3:8;
τά παρά τίνος, the things supplied by one,
Luke 10:7, equivalent to
τά παρατιθέμενα in
Luke 10:8 (cf.
Winer's Grammar, 366 (343));
1 Corinthians 10:27;
μή ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον, to live frugally,
Luke 7:33;
τό κυριακόν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν, to celebrate the Lord's supper,
1 Corinthians 11:20;
τό πάσχα, to eat the paschal lamb, celebrate the paschal supper,
Matthew 26:17;
Mark 14:12,
14;
Luke 22:8,
11,
15,
16 L T Tr WH;
John 18:28;
τάς θυσίας, to celebrate the sacrificial feasts, said of Jews,
1 Corinthians 10:18; of animals, in
Luke 15:16 (where
ὧν stands by attraction for
ἅ, because
ἐσθίειν with a simple genitive of thing is nowhere found in the N. T. (
Winers Grammar, 198 (187) note)) by a usage hardly to be met with in classical Greek (
Winers Grammar, § 28, 1; (
Buttmann, 159 (139))),
ἐκ τίνος, to (take and) eat of a thing:
Luke 22:16 (
R G);
John 6:26,
50;
1 Corinthians 11:28; on the other hand,
ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ (
L T Tr WH τόν καρπόν),
ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος ἐσθίειν, in
1 Corinthians 9:7, is to support oneself by the sale of the fruit and the milk (but cf.
Buttmann, as above, and Meyer at the passage).
ἐκ with the genitive of place:
ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, draw their support from the temple, i. e. from the sacrifices and offerings,
1 Corinthians 9:13 (but
T Tr WH read
τά ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); also
ἐκ θυσιαστηρίου, i. e. from the things laid on the altar,
Hebrews 13:10 (
Winer's Grammar, 366 (344)). by a Hebraism (
מִן אָכַל),
ἀπό τίνος (cf.
Winer's Grammar, 199 (187)):
Matthew 15:27;
Mark 7:28. Metaphorically,
to devour, consume:
τινα,
Hebrews 10:27;
τί,
Revelation 17:16; of rust,
James 5:3. (Compare:
κατεσθίω,
συνεσθίω.)
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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