הַר 558 noun masculine Genesis 7:19 mountain, hill, hill-country (Late Hebrew
id., plural
הָרִים,
הֲרָרִים; Phoenician
הר CIS
i. 3, 17; Sabean suffix
הרתהמו DHM
ZMG 1876, 673); —
ה׳ absolute
Joshua 17:18 +; with article
הָהָר Exodus 3:12 +; with
ָ ה locative
הֶ֫רָה Genesis 14:10,
הָהָ֫רָה Genesis 12:8 +
12 times; construct
הַר Genesis 10:30 +; suffix
הַרֲרִי [
H2042 Psalm 30:7],
הֲרָרִי [
H2042 Jeremiah 17:3];
הַרְכֶם Psalm 11:1;
הַרֲרָם Genesis 14:6; plural
הָרִים Deuteronomy 11:11 +; with article
הֶהָרִים Genesis 7:19 +; construct
הָרֵי Genesis 8:4 +
27 times;
הַרֲרֵי [
H2042 Deuteronomy 33:15] +
8 times (all poetry); suffix
הָרַי Isaiah 14:25;
Isaiah 49:11;
Zechariah 14:5 +
Ezekiel 38:21 (B Co
חרדה),
הָרָ֑י Isaiah 65:9;
הָרָיו Ezekiel 35:8;
Malachi 1:3;
הֲרָרֶיהָ [
H2042 Deuteronomy 8:9]; —
1. mountain, hill (these often not sharply distinguished, but):
a. specifically
mountain, high elevation, often in all the literature; — e. g.
הַר סִינַי Mount Sinai (properly, the Mount of Sinai; so always)
Exodus 19:11,
18,
20,
23;
Exodus 24:16;
Exodus 31:18;
Exodus 34:2,
4,
29,
32;
Leviticus 7:38;
Leviticus 25:1;
Leviticus 26:46;
Leviticus 27:34;
Numbers 3:1;
Numbers 28:6;
Nehemiah 9:13 (see
סִינַי); also
הָהָר =
id.,
Exodus 19:2 +
10 times Exodus 19 (
Exodus 19:18 read
הָעָם, so Manuscripts
Di)
Exodus 20:18;
Exodus 24:4 +
6 times Exodus 24;
Exodus 25:40;
Exodus 26:30;
Exodus 27:8;
Exodus 32:1,
15,
19;
Exodus 34:2,
3 (twice in verse);
Exodus 34:29; =
הֵר חוֺרֵב Exodus 33:6 (see
חֹרֵב), also
אֶלהַֿר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exodus 3:1,
עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1 Kings 19:8; further
הָהָר =
id.,
Deuteronomy 4:11 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 5:4,
5,
19,
20;
Deuteronomy 9:9 +
10 times Deuteronomy 9,
10,
1 Kings 19:11; =
הַר הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 4:27;
Exodus 18:5;
Exodus 24:13 (all J E) =
הַר יחוה Numbers 10:33 (compare Di); see further
הֹר הָהָר Hor the mount (so always)
Numbers 20:22 +
10 times Numbers;
Deuteronomy 32:50; =
חָחָר Numbers 20:28 (twice in verse);
הַר נְבוֺ Deuteronomy 32:49;
Deuteronomy 34:1 =
הָהָר Deuteronomy 32:50; =
הַר הָעֲבָרִים הַזֶּה Numbers 27:12;
Deuteronomy 32:49, compare (
לִפְנֵי נְבוֺ)
הָרֵי הָעֲבָרִים Numbers 33:47,
48;
הַר גְּרִזִּים Mt. Gerizim †
Deuteronomy 11:29;
Deuteronomy 27:12;
Joshua 8:33;
ראֹשׁ הַרגְּֿרִזִּים Judges 9:7;
הַר עֵֹיבָ֑ל Mt. Ebal †
Deuteronomy 11:29;
Deuteronomy 27:4;
Deuteronomy 24:13;
Joshua 8:30,
33; also
הַר חֶרְמוֺן Mt. Hermon Deuteronomy 3:8;
Joshua 11:17;
Joshua 12:1,
5;
Joshua 13:5,
11;
1 Chronicles 5:23; compare
Deuteronomy 4:48 הַר שִׂיאֹן הוּא חֶרְמוֺן (see
חֶרְמוֺן), &
הַר בַּעַל חֶרְמוֺן (see
id., &
בעל חרמון below
בעל);
הַר חַלְּבָנוֺן Mt. Lebanon Judges 3:3, compare
מְרוֺם הָרִים יַרְכְּתֵי לְבָנוֺן 2 Kings 19:23 =
Isaiah 37:24 (see
לבנון);
הַר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל Mt. Carmel 1 Kings 18:19,
20;
2 Kings 2:25;
2 Kings 4:25 (see
כרמל);
הָהָר =
id.,
2 Kings 4:27, apparently also
2 Kings 1:9;
הַר תָּבוֺר Mt. Tabor,
Judges 4:6,
12,
14, compare
Jeremiah 46:18 תָּבוֺר בֶּהָרִים (opposed to
כַּרְמֶל בַּיָּם);
הַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ 1 Samuel 31:1,
8;
2 Samuel 1:6, also (poetry)
הָרֵי בַּגּ׳ 2 Samuel 1:21 (compare Dr);
הַרחֶֿרֶס Judges 1:35 (Stu
עָר חֶרֶס) compare
חֶרֶס;
הַר הַזֵּיתִים Zechariah 14:4 (twice in verse)
Mount of Olives, (opposed to
גֵּיא) compare
הָהָר אֲשֶׁר מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Ezekiel 11:23; also
יְרוּשָׁלַם עַל־פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁר בָּהָרִ 1 Kings 11:7 (place of Solomon's idolatry) =
הַרהַֿמַּשְׁחִית 2 Kings 23:13 mountain of the destroyer (same combination in another, figurative sense
Jeremiah 51:25), others derive
הַמ׳ here from
משׁח anoint, and render as =
Mt. of Olives (cited as
הר המשׁחה Talmud, Shabb. 56 b), compare Hoffm
ZAW 1882, 175;
אַחַד הֶהָרִים in land of Moriah
Genesis 22:2; mountains about Jerusalem in general,
יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הָרִים סָבִיב לָהּ Psalm 125:2; compare also
Psalm 121:1 (||
יהוה);
הָהָר of citadel of Jerusalem
Isaiah 22:5; of temple hill
הַר הַבַּיִת Micah 3:12 =
Jeremiah 26:18;
הַר בֵּיתיֿ׳ Isaiah 2:2 =
Micah 4:1;
2 Chronicles 33:15; also
הֲרָרִי בַּשָּׂדֶה [
H2042 Jeremiah 17:3]; further
הַר צִיּוֺן Mt. Zion Isaiah 4:5;
Isaiah 8:18;
Isaiah 10:12;
Isaiah 18:7;
Isaiah 24:23;
Isaiah 29:8;
Isaiah 31:4;
Isaiah 37:32;
Micah 4:7;
Lamentations 5:18;
Obadiah 17;
Joel 3:5;
Psalm 48:3;
Psalm 48:12;
Psalm 74:2;
Psalm 78:68;
Psalm 125:1 (see also
צִיּוֺן); compare
הַר בַּ֯יתצִֿיּוֺן Isaiah 10:32,
הַר בַּת צ׳ Isaiah 16:1;
הַריֿ׳ Isaiah 2:3 =
Micah 4:2;
Isaiah 30:29;
Psalm 24:3; (
id. of Horeb
Numbers 10:33 J E);
צְבָאוֺת הַריֿ׳ הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zechariah 8:3,
הַרקָֿדְשִׁי Zephaniah 3:11;
Obadiah 16;
Ezekiel 20:40;
Isaiah 11:9 =
Isaiah 65:25, compare
Isaiah 56:7;
Isaiah 57:13;
Isaiah 65:11;
Joel 2:1 (||
צִיּוֺן) Joel 4:17 (||
id.)
Psalm 2:6 (||
id.)
Psalm 3:5;
Psalm 15:1;
Psalm 43:3;
Psalm 48:2; see further
הַרקָֿדְשִׁי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isaiah 66:20 compare
Daniel 9:16 &
הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isaiah 27:13; also
הַר צְבִיקֹֿדֶשׁ Daniel 11:45;
הַרהַֿקֹּדֶשׁ Jeremiah 31:23; even
הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהַי Daniel 9:20; other designations of temple-hill are
הָהָר חָמַד לְשִׁבְתּוֺ א׳ Psalm 68:17, &
הַר מְרוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezekiel 17:23;
Ezekiel 20:40 (||
הַרקָֿדְשִׁי);
הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:14 of the distant abode of God (or gods?) so
הַר אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:16 (
הַראֱֿלֹהִים Psalm 68:16 is generally,
a God's mountain, i.e. a majestic mountain, likewise in simile
כְּהַרֲרֵיאֵֿל מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ [
H2042 Psalm 36:6]); —
הַר הָאֱלֹהִים elsewhere of Horeb (Sinai)
Exodus 4:27;
Exodus 18:5;
Exodus 24:13;
1 Kings 19:8 (see above). Note particularly †
הַרמֿוֺעֵד Isaiah 14:13 mountain of meeting or
of assembly, i.e. the dwelling-place of the gods, according to Babylonian conception, here represented as in the far north, see especially Che De Di, Dl
Pa 117 ff. COT
on the passage Jr
57ff. Jen
Kosmologie 23. Upon the mountain is
עָלהָֿהָר compare
וַתֵּבְךְּ עַלבְּֿתוּלָיהָ עַלהֶֿהָרִים Judges 11:38, & the peculiar phrase
וְאֵלְכָה וְיָרַדְתִּי עַלֿ הֶהָרִים Judges 11:37;
go up upon עָלָה אָלֿ Exodus 19:23;
Exodus 24:13;
Exodus 34:4 (all J E); compare accusative in
הַעַל אֹתָם הֹר הָהָר Numbers 20:25;
speak with one
upon is
דבר בהר Exodus 31:18;
Exodus 34:32;
Numbers 3:1 (all P),
Leviticus 25:1 (H), compare
command, give commands, law, etc.,
בהר Leviticus 7:38;
Leviticus 26:46;
Leviticus 27:34 (all P or H); other phrases with
בְּ upon (literally
in, i.e. in the midst of a group of mountains)
Exodus 34:3 בְּכָל (JE)
Exodus 25:40;
Exodus 26:30;
Exodus 27:8;
Numbers 28:6 (all P),
Isaiah 13:4; but
בְּחֹרֵב Psalm 106:19 =
at Horeb,
בְּהֹר הָהָר Numbers 33:37 at Mt. Hor; go down from the mountain is
יָרַד מִןהָֿהָר Exodus 32:1,
15 (both J E)
Exodus 34:29 (twice in verse) (both P), compare
Judges 9:36 etc.
c. mountain, indefinite,
Job 14:18 (||
צוּר); usually plural
mountains, in general, or
the mountains, especially in poetry & the higher style; often figurative;
הָרִים,
הֶהָרִים, covered by flood
Genesis 7:20 compare
Genesis 7:19;
Genesis 8:5; covered by waters & freed therefrom by word of God (at creation)
Psalm 104:6; a chief work of God (in creation)
Amos 4:13;
Psalm 65:7;
Psalm 90:2;
Proverbs 8:25 (||
גְּבָעוֺת); weighed by God
Isaiah 40:12; removed and overturned in anger of God
Job 9:5 compare
Psalm 46:3;
Psalm 46:4; devastated by God
Isaiah 42:15 (||
גְּבָעוֺת) compare
Jeremiah 9:9; smoking at God's touch
Psalm 104:32;
Psalm 144:5; melting at presence of
י׳ Judges 5:5;
Micah 1:4;
Psalm 97:5;
Isaiah 63:19;
Isaiah 64:2; trembling
Isaiah 5:25 compare
Jeremiah 4:24 (||
גְּבָעוֺת),
Nahum 1:5 (||
id.),
Habakkuk 3:10; called to witness Yahweh's dealings with his people
Micah 6:2 (||
הָאֵתָנִים מֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ) compare
Micah 6:1 (||
הַגְּבָעוֺת), entreated to cover the guilty
Hosea 10:8 (||
גְּבָעוֺת); addressed by
י׳ also
Ezekiel 6:3 (||
גְּבָעוֺת, opposed to
אֲפִיקִים,
גֵּאָוֺת); specifically, mountains of Israel summoned to hear
י׳ and addressed by him
Ezekiel 36:1 (twice in verse);
Ezekiel 36:4,
8;
Ezekiel 37:22;
Ezekiel 38:8;
Ezekiel 39:2,
4; summoned to praise
י׳ Psalm 148:9 (||
גְּבָעוֺת) compare
Isaiah 44:23;
Isaiah 49:13;
Isaiah 55:12 (||
גְּבָעוֺת); leaping in praise of
י׳ Psalm 114:4;
Psalm 114:6 (both ||
גְּבָעוֺת);
הַרֲרֵיקֶֿדֶם [
H2042 Deuteronomy 33:15] (||
גִּבְעוֺת עוֺלָם);
הַרֲרֵיעַֿד [
H2042 Habakkuk 3:6] (||
id.);
הַרֲרֵיעַֿד also [
H2042 Psalm 76:4] (according to
Bi Che; MT has
טֶרֶף for
עַד), and probably
Genesis 49:26 for MT
הוֺרַי עַד (||
גִּבְעֹת עוֺלָם) compare Di.
e. opposite valley or plain
Joshua 12:8 (D; opposed to
מִדְּבָּר,
אֲשֵׁדוֺת,
עֲרָבָה,
שְׁפֵלָה), compare
Deuteronomy 1:7, also
Jeremiah 17:26 (opposed to
שְׁפֵלָה);
Genesis 19:17 (J; opposed to
כִּכָּר); often opposed to
גַּיְא 2 Kings 2:16;
Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative)
Ezekiel 32:5 (
id.)
Ezekiel 35:8 (||
גִּבְעָה),
Ezekiel 36:4 (||
id.),
Isaiah 40:4 (||
id.), opposed to
בִּקְעָה Deuteronomy 8:7;
Deuteronomy 11:11;
Psalm 104:8; opposed to
מִדְבָּר Lamentations 4:19 (compare
Joshua 12:8 above);
בֵּין הָרִים Psalm 104:10 is ||
בַּנְּחָלִים; see also
וְלֹאאֱֿלֹהֵי עֲמָקִים אֱלֹהֵי הָרִים י׳ 1 Kings 20:28, compare
1 Kings 20:23 (opposed to
מִישׁוֺר); note also
הַר הָעֵמֶק Joshua 13:19 (P), &
גֵּיאהָֿרַי,
גֵּיהָֿרִים Zechariah 14:5 (twice in verse); further
מִדְבַּר הָרִים Psalm 75:7 mountainous desert Vrss. & most modern (Baer
מִדְבָּר but compare De);
mountain-ward is
הֶ֫רָה Genesis 14:10.
f. mountains as hiding-places: —
הַמִּנְהָרוֺת אֲוֶר בֶּהָרִים Judges 6:2 the burrows (Stanley, VB)
which are in the mountains; compare
Psalm 11:1;
Jeremiah 16:16 (||
גִּבְעָה);
הָפַךְ מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ הָרִים Job 28:9 (of mining), see also [
H2042 Deuteronomy 8:9].
h. grazing-places for cattle
בְּהֵמוֺת בְּהַרֲרֵיאָֿ֑לֶף [
H2042 Psalm 50:10] (read
אֵל for
אלף Ol Bi Che), compare
יְתוּר הָרִים Job 39:8 of pasture of wild ass; also (si vera lectio)
בּוּל הָרִים Job 40:20, i.e. mountains as furnishing food for hippopotamus; see further
Songs 4:6;
Songs 8:14;
Proverbs 27:25.
j. as kindled into flame (i.e. their forests; in simile)
Psalm 83:15.
k. as scene of massacre, (figurative)
Isaiah 34:3 melting with blood; as place of battle array,
height 1 Samuel 17:3 (twice in verse).
n. in figure uses:
תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק וּגְבָעוֺת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִׂים Isaiah 41:15 figurative of Israel's overcoming its foes;
יִתְנַגְּפוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם עַלהָֿרֵי נָ֑שֶׁף Jeremiah 13:16 of encountering hopeless calamities;
הֶהָרִים Isaiah 54:10 as less permanent & changeless than Yahweh's kindness (||
גְּבָעוֺת);
הַר הַמַּשְׁחִית Jeremiah 51:25 &
הַר שְׂרֵפָה Jeremiah 51:25 figurative of Babylon.
2. hill-country, mountain-region,
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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