†
כִּפֶּר verb Pi. etc.
denominative cover over (figurative),
pacify, make propitiation; —
Pi. Perfect כִּפֶּר Exodus 30:10 +
31 times;
2nd person masculine singular suffix
כִּפַּרְתָּ֑הוּ Ezekiel 43:20;
3rd person masculine plural יְכַפְּרוּ Ezekiel 43:26;
2nd person masculine plural כִּפַּרְתֶּם Ezekiel 45:20;
Imperfect יְכַפֵּר Exodus 30:10 +
10 times;
יְכַפֶּר־ Leviticus 7:7;
Numbers 5:8; suffix
יְכַפְּרֶנָּה Proverbs 16:14;
1st person singular אֲכַפֵּר 2 Samuel 21:3;
אֲכַפְּרָה Genesis 32:21;
Exodus 32:30, etc.;
Imperative כַּפֵּר Deuteronomy 21:8 +
4 times;
Infinitive כַּפֵּר Exodus 30:15 +
28 times; suffixes
כַּפְּרִי Ezekiel 16:63;
כַּפֶּרְךָ Exodus 29:36;
כַּפְּרָהּ Isaiah 47:11; —
1. cover over, pacify, propitiate;
בַּמִּנְחָה פָנָיו אֲכַפְּרָה Genesis 32:21 let me cover his face by the present (so that he does not see the offence, i.e.
pacify, him; E; RS
OTJC, 2d ed., 381 'wipe clean the face,' blackened by displeasure, as the Arabs say 'whiten the face');
הֹוָה עָלַיִךְ וְתִפֹּל כַּפְּרָהּ תוּכְלִי לֹא Isaiah 47:11 and disaster will fall upon thee, thou wilt not be able to propitiate it (by payment of a
כֹּפֶר, see
Isaiah 43:3); pacify the wrath of a king
Proverbs 16:14 (e.g. by a gift).
2. cover over, atone for sin, without sacrifice :
a. man as subject,
אֲכַפֵּר בַּמָּה 2 Samuel 21:3,
with what shall I cover over (namely, the bloodguiltiness of the house of Saul, says David The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the guilty house);
בְּעַר חטאתכם Exodus 32:30 on behalf of your sins (J E; Moses, by intercession); with
על of persons
Numbers 17:11;
Numbers 17:12 (P; by incense),
Numbers 25:13 (P when Phinehas slays the ringleaders).
3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites, in the codes of H, P, and Ezekiel: absolute
הַכֹּהֵן וכ׳ and the priest shall make atonement Leviticus 16:32;
b. usually with עַל
(1) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering was applied
Exodus 29:36,
37;
Exodus 30:10;
Leviticus 8:15 ׅ ||
(קִדַּשׁ,
Leviticus 16:18; and specifically the horns of the altar
Exodus 30:10; the holy place of the tabernacle
Leviticus 16:16 (by the great sin-offering, because of
(מִן) the uncleannesses of the children of Israel and because of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification
Leviticus 14:53 ׅ ||
(טִהַר; for the goat
לעזאזל Leviticus 16:10 (which was presented before Yahweh to consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people).
(2) of persons,
נפשׁתיכם עלֿ,
for your persons, yourselves, e.g. by the payment of atonement-money
הַכִּפֻּרִים כֶּסֶף at the census
Exodus 30:15,
16; by the
קרבן of the spoils
Numbers 31:50; by the blood upon the altar
Leviticus 17:11; in the ritual
עֲלֵיהֶם,
עָלָיו by ministry of priest through the blood of the sin-offering
Leviticus 4:20,
31;
Leviticus 8:34;
Leviticus 10:17;
Leviticus 12:7,
8;
Leviticus 14:19,
31;
Leviticus 16:30,
33;
Leviticus 23:28;
Numbers 8:12,
21;
Numbers 15:25,
28 (twice in verse);
Numbers 28:22,
30;
Numbers 29:5;
2 Chronicles 29:24;
Nehemiah 10:34; of the trespass-offering
Leviticus 5:16,
18; Leviticus 5:26;
Leviticus 7:7;
Leviticus 14:21;
Leviticus 19:22;
Numbers 5:8; the whole burnt-offering
Leviticus 1:4;
Leviticus 14:20;
Leviticus 16:24; by the oil used in purifying a leper
Leviticus 14:18,
29; by the
תרומה Ezekiel 45:15; by the priestly ministry in general
1 Chronicles 6:34; by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn
Numbers 8:19. Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The purpose of the covering is stated
Leviticus 16:30 יְכַפֵּר תִּטְהָ֑רוּ י׳ לִפְנֵי חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם מִכֹּל אֶתְכֶם לְטַהֵר עֲלֵיכֶם =
shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh, and
Numbers 8:21 לְטַהֲרָם עֲלֵיהֶם וַיְכַפֵּר and (
Aaron)
made atonement for them to cleanse them.)
Pu. Perfect כֻּפַּר Exodus 29:33;
Isaiah 28:18 (but read
תֻּפַר, — √ I.
פרר, — so
. Hu We Che SS and others see Br
MP 209);
Imperfect יְכֻפַּר Numbers 35:33 +
3 times;
3rd person feminine singular תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Isaiah 6:7 be covered over, atoned for.
1. apart from the ritual,
חטאתך תכפר Isaiah 6:7 thy sin
shall be covered over (||
וְסָר עֲוֺנֶךָ; by the touch of the live coal from the altar);
הַזֶּה הֶעָוֺן אִם־יְכֻפַּר לָכֶםIsaiah 22:14 surely this iniquity shall not be covered over; with
בְּ instrumental
בזאת יכפר עון Isaiah 27:9 by
this shall the iniquity
of Jacob be covered over (||
הָסר חטאתו namely by the destruction of idolatrous objects);
עוןבחסד יאמת יכפר Proverbs 16:6 by mercy and fidelity iniquity is covered over.
2. with
לְ for whom,
לארץ לא יכפר לדם Numbers 35:33 for the land atonement cannot be made, in view of the blood shed in it, except by the blood of the shedder of blood; in the ritual of P, with
בְּ instrumental
בָּהֶם כֻּפַּר אֲשֶׁר Exodus 29:33 wherewith atonement was made (ram of consecration).
Hithp. Imperfect יִתְכַּפֵּר 1 Samuel 3:14; with
בְּ instrumental
אִם־ וּבְמִנְחָה בְּזֶבַח בֵּית־עֵלִי עֲוֹן יִתְכַּפֵּר the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace offering or minchah (in other words there was no atonement for it; compare Pu.
Isaiah 22:14).
Niph. Perfect הַדָּם לָהֶם וְנִכַּפֵּר Deuteronomy 21:8 and the blood shall be covered for them.
† II. [
כָּפַר]
verb denominative (from II.
כֹּפֶר) —
Perfect 2nd person masculine singular וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֫ בַּכֹּפֶד Genesis 6:14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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