† I. נַ֫חַל noun masculine 2 Kings 3:16 torrent, torrent-valley, wady (Ecclus 40:13; 40:16; Late Hebrew id., stream (rare);
נַחְלָא 
, = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian
naḫlu = Biblical Hebrew; Lag
BN 140 Anm. thinks
Νεῖλος may be from
Νεέλ =
נַחַל pronounced *
נִהִל; on
נ׳ in Sabean proper name, of a location, see Hal
Rev. Sémit. Iv (1896), 80, 1, 14); — absolute
נ׳ Genesis 32:24 +,
נַ֫חְלָה Psalm 124:4; construct
נַחַל Genesis 26:17 +; with
ה locative,
Genesis 34:5 so read also
Ezekiel 47:19;
Ezekiel 48:28 (where MT
נַחֲלָ֫ה; see Thes); dual
נַחֲלַיִם Ezekiel 47:9, but read
הַנַּחַל 
.
Co Berthol; plural
נְחָלִים Numbers 21:4 +;
נַחֲלֵי Deuteronomy 8:7 +; suffix
נְחֶלֶיהָ Isaiah 34:9; —
1. torrent, of rushing water in narrow channel
Judges 5:21 (
3 times in verse);
Judges 4:7,
13;
Psalm 83:10 (all of
קִישֹׁן, which see); mountain torrent
Deuteronomy 9:21 (compare
Exodus 32:20); so
Amos 5:24 (simile of righteousness);
הַשּׁוֺטֵף הַנּ׳ 2 Chronicles 32:4 (||
מַעְיָנוֺת);
לְזֶפֶת נ׳ נֶהְפְּכוּ Isaiah 34:9; simile of tears
Lamentations 2:18; hyperb.
שָֿׁ֑מֶן נ׳ Micah 6:7 torrents of oil, compare of honey and curd
Job 20:17 (||
פְּלַגּוֹת,
נְהָרִים); figurative
בְלִיַּעַל נ׳ 2 Samuel 22:5 torrents of worthlessness (||
מִשְׁבְּרֵי מָ֫וֶת), =
Psalm 18:5;
שׁוֺטֵף נ׳ simile of glory of nations
Isaiah 66:12, figurative of invaders
Jeremiah 47:2 (||
מַיִס), or foes
Psalm 124:4 (
נַ֫חְלָה, see above);
1 Kings 17:4,
6 (for drinking), drying up in summer
1 Kings 17:7 (
יָבֵשׁ; all of Elijah's stream
כְּרִית, which see); for drinking also
Psalm 110:7, and (figurative)
עֲדָנֶיךָ נ׳ Psalm 36:9;
Job 6:15 (twice in verse) (
אֲפִיק נְחָלִים; in simile); of water bursting from rock
Psalm 78:20 (
שָׁטַף, ||
מַיִם), compare
Psalm 74:15 (+
מַעְיָן); figurative of
מְקוֺר חָכְמָה Proverbs 18:4 (
נֹבֵּעַ נ׳; ||
מַיִם עֲמֻקִים); more generally = stream, brook, river (chiefly late)
Isaiah 11:15 (divisions of river,
נָהָר) in desert
Isaiah 35:6 (||
מַיִם),
Jeremiah 31:9 (
נַחֲלֵי מַיִם),
Ezekiel 47:5 (twice in verse);
Ezekiel 47:9b (all strike out Co),
Ezekiel 47:6;
Ezekiel 47:7;
Ezekiel 47:9a (read
הַנַּחַל, see above),
Ezekiel 47:12; containing fish, etc.
Leviticus 11:9,
10 (||
מַיִם,
יַמִּים),
Ecclesiastes 1:7 (twice in verse); figurative
רוּחַ י׳,
Isaiah 30:28 (
שׁוֺטֵף נ׳,
Isaiah 30:33 (
גָּפְרִית נ׳).
2. Torrent-valley, wady, as stream-bed
1 Samuel 17:40;
Nehemiah 2:15;
Isaiah 57:6; with torrent flowing through it,
אֵיתָן נ׳ Deuteronomy 21:4 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 21:6,
אֶרֶץ נַחֲלֵי מַיִם Deuteronomy 8:7 (||
עֲיָנֹת וּתְהֹמֹת יֹּצְאִים בַּבִּקְעָה), compare
Deuteronomy 10:7,
1 Kings 18:5 (||
מַעְיְנֵי הַמַיִם),
Psalm 104:10; abode of Elijah
1 Kings 17:3,
5 (compare
1 Kings 17:4;
1 Kings 17:6;
1 Kings 17:7 above);
עֹרְבֵי נ׳ Proverbs 30:17 (compare
1 Kings 17:4,
6);
הַבַּתּוֺת נ׳ Isaiah 7:19 as home of bees; fertile,
אֶשְׁכֹּל נ׳ Numbers 13:23,
24 (E);
אִבֵּי הַנּ׳ Songs 6:11;
עַרְבֵינֿ׳ poplars of the wady Leviticus 23:40 (H),
Job 40:22;
עֲרָבִים נ׳ Isaiah 15:7; needing water
Genesis 26:17 (
גְּרָר נ׳),
Genesis 26:19 (J), compare
2 Kings 3:16,
17; place for refuse, ruins, etc.
2 Samuel 17:13; in poetry also as wild, remote ravine
Job 30:6, compare
בְּצוּר הַנְּחָלִים Job 22:24; place of child-sacrifice
Isaiah 57:5; burial-place
Job 21:33 (
רִגְבֵי נ׳), —
Numbers 24:6 see II.
נַ֫חַל.
Particular wadys designate localities:
אַרְנוֺן Numbers 21:14 (E),
Deuteronomy 2:24,
36 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 3:8,
12,
16 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 4:48;
Joshua 12:1,
2(twice in verse);
Joshua 13:9 (twice in verse) (all D),
Joshua 13:16;
Joshua 13:16 (P),
2 Kings 10:33;
אֶשְׁכֹּל Numbers 32:9 (J),
Deuteronomy 1:24 בְּשׂוֺר 1 Samuel 30:9,
10,
21;
גָּד 2 Samuel 24:5;
זֶרֶד Numbers 21:12 (E),
Deuteronomy 2:13 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 2:14;
יַכֹּק Genesis 32:24 (J),
Deuteronomy 2:37;
Deuteronomy 3:16;
Joshua 12:2 (all D);
קִדְרוֺן 2 Samuel 15:23;
1 Kings 2:37;
1 Kings 15:13;
1 Kings 18:40; 1Ki 23:6 (twice in verse);
2 Samuel 23:12;
2 Chronicles 15:16;
29:16;
30:14;
Jeremiah 31:40;
קָנָה Joshua 16:8;
Joshua 17:9 (
3 times in verse) (all P);
שׂוֺרֵק Judges 16:4;
הַשִּׁטִּים נ׳ Joel 4:18;
נ׳ מִצְרַיִם is southwest limit of Palestine (Assyrian
naḫal [
mat]
Muṣri, Dl
Par. 310 Schr
COT Numbers 34:5)
Numbers 34:5 (P),
Joshua 15:4 (D),
Joshua 15:47 (P),
1 Kings 8:65;
2 Kings 24:7,
2; Chron
2 Kings 7:8;
Isaiah 27:12, + (omit
מצרים)
Ezekiel 47:19;
Ezekiel 48:28 (see above); so read also possibly
Amos 6:14 (see
עֲרָבָה : usually identified with
Wâdy el-Arîsh; on Wkl's different view, see references below
מִצְרַיִם near the end); on identification of
נ׳ Joshua 15:7;
Joshua 19:11 (both P),
2 Samuel 23:30 =
1 Chronicles 11:32;
2 Chronicles 20:16;
33:14, see Commentaries;
אָשֶׁד הַנְּחָלִים Numbers 21:15, see
אֶשֶׁד.
† II. [
נַ֫חַל]
noun [
masculine] perhaps
palm-tree (Arabic
, noun of individual meaning
; see Perles
JQ, July, 1899, 688); — only plural absolute,
כִּנְחָלִים נִטָּ֑יוּ Numbers 24:6 like palm-trees, which are stretched out, spread out (as to foliage). So Perles
l.c., who compares
כערבי נחל Ecclus 50:12e,
ὡς στελέχη φοινικων.
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