† I. [
עוּר] 
verb rouse oneself, awake (Late Hebrew 
id.; Aramaic 
עוּר, 

; Arabic 

, 

 see 
עיר, 
עַיִר; 

, 

, is 
be jealous, compare Syriac 
 hate, revenge
 hate, revenge); — 
Qal Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular suffix 
יְעוּרֶנּוּ Job 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt 
יעירנו (Hiph.), Babylonian Masora (see Baer
p. 58), so Ginsb
margin van d. H.; read thus, or 
יְעוֺרְרֶנּוּ (Po`l.) Bu; > contracted form of Po`l. Ges
§ 72cc Di; compare Sta
§ 484 e; 
Imperative masculine singular 
ע֫וּרָה Psalm 7:7 +, feminine singular 
ע֫וּרִי Judges 5:12 (twice in verse) + 
3 times, 
עוּרִ֫י Judges 5:12 (twice in verse) + 
5 times (for rhythm); 
H6147 Participle עֵר Songs 5:2 + 
Malachi 2:12 (read probably 
עֵד We Now GASm, compare 
 ἕως
 ἕως = 
עַד); — 
rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah 
Judges 5:12 (
4 times in verse); of 
י׳ Psalm 7:7 (|| 
קוּמָה, 
הִנָּשֵׂא), 
Psalm 59:5 (followed by infinitive), 
Psalm 44:24 (opposed to 
יָשֵׁן), of 
י׳'s arm 
Isaiah 51:9 (
3 times in verse), of oneself 
Psalm 57:9, of Zion 
Isaiah 52:1 (twice in verse), of stone (idol) 
Habakkuk 2:19, sword 
Zechariah 13:7 (+ 
עַל against), wind 
Songs 4:16, harp and lyre 
Psalm 57:9 = 
Psalm 108:3; 
לִבִּי עֵר Songs 5:2 my heart waketh (opposed to 
יָשֵׁן). — 
Job 41:2; 
Malachi 2:12 see above. 
Niph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular נֵעוֺר Zechariah 2:17; 
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singularיֵעוֺר Jeremiah 6:22; 
Zechariah 4:1; 
3rd person masculine plural יֵעֹרוּ Jeremiah 50:41; 
Job 14:12, 
יֵעוֺרוּ Joel 4:12; — 
be roused Zechariah 4:1 (from [
מִן] sleep, in simile), so 
Job 14:12 (sleep of death, || 
יָקִיצוּ, 
יָקוּם); 
be incited to activity, with 
מִן local: of 
י׳ Zechariah 2:17, of nation 
Jeremiah 6:22, kings 
Jeremiah 50:41, whirlwind 
Jeremiah 25:32; absolute of nations Joel 4:12. 
Pō`l. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular עוֺרֵר 2 Samuel 23:18 +, 
וְע׳ consecutive 
Isaiah 10:26, 
1st person singular וְעוֺרַרְתִּ֫י Zechariah 9:13, suffix 
עוֺרַרְתִּיךָ Songs 8:5; 
Imperfect 3rd person feminine singular תְּעֹרֵר Proverbs 10:12, 
2nd person masculine pluralתְּעוֺרְרוּ Songs 2:7; 
Songs 3:5, 
תְּעֹרְרוּ Songs 8:4 (feminine subject Ges
§ 144a); 
Imperative masculine singular 
עוֺרְרָה Psalm 80:3; 
Infinitive עֹרֵר Job 3:8; — 
rouse, incite to activity, with accusative of person 
Zechariah 9:13 (+ 
עַל against), accusative 
רְפָאִים Isaiah 14:9 (subject 
שְׁאוֺל see Ges
§ 145 t); 
ע׳ אֶתגְּֿבוּרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 80:3 (of 
י׳); 
הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָן Job 3:8; especially 
rouse, excite love 
Songs 2:7; 
Songs 3:5; 
Songs 8:4 (all || 
תָּעִירוּ; feminine subject see Ges
§ 144a); 
עוֺרַרְתִּיךָ Songs 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Bu, so, reading 
עוֺרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; 
מְדָנִים שִׂנְאָה תְּע׳ Proverbs 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; with accusative of weapon 
2 Samuel 23:18 rouse, awaken, i.e. 
wield, brandish (+ 
עַל against), so read also 
2 Samuel 23:8 (see 
חֲנִית 1) = 
1 Chronicles 11:11, 
20, so 
Isaiah 10:26. — 
Isaiah 23:13 see 
ערר. 
Pilp. Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural זַעֲקַתשֶֿׁבֶר יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ Isaiah 15:5, usually explained as = 
יְעַרְעֵ֑רוּ (which some read), 
rouse (i.e. 
raise ?) 
a cry of destruction, Ges
Comm. Thes. De Di Du Ges
§ 72cc Kö
i. 500; ii. 497; Pilp. not elsewhere, very dubious; read perhaps 
יְעוֺרֵ֑רוּ; Lag
Proph. Chald. IL Che Gu
Kau SS read 
יְרֹעָ֑עוּ shout, but improbable with 
זַעֲקַת. 
Hithpō`l. Perfect וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consecutive 
Job 31:29 and I was (joyfully) 
excited, triumphant, that (|| 
אֶשְׂמַח), so perhaps 
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular Job 17:8, reading 
וְחָנֵף עַלנָֿקִי יִתְעֹרָ֑ר Me Di Beer (MT 
וְנָקִי עַלחָֿנֵף יִתְע׳ i.e. 
be excited with displeasure); 
rouse oneself to activity, Participle 
מִתְעוֺרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Isaiah 64:6. 
Hiph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular הֵעִיר Isaiah 41:2 +; 
1st person singular הַעִיר֫וֺתִי Isaiah 41:25 (see Kö
i. 500 Ges
§ 72x), suffix 
הַעִירֹתִהוּ Isaiah 45:13; 
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יָעִיר Deuteronomy 32:11 +, 
וְיָעֵר Daniel 11:25, 
וַיָּ֫עַר Haggai 1:14 +, suffix 
וַיְעִירֵנִי Zechariah 4:1, etc.; 
Imperative masculine singular 
הָעִירָה Psalm 35:23; masculine plural 
הָעִירוּ Joel 4:9; 
Infinitive בָּעִיר (= 
בְּהָעִיר) 
Psalm 73:20 (Ges
§ 53q); 
Participle מֵעִיר Isaiah 13:17 +, suffix 
מְעִירָם Joel 4:7; — 
    1. rouse, with suffix 
Zechariah 4:1 (as if from sleep, see 
Qal); 
rouse, stir up, to activity, 
כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֺ Deuteronomy 32:11; with accusative of person, or equivalent, expressed or implied, especially subject 
י׳ : 
Isaiah 45:13; with 
מִן local 
Isaiah 41:2, 
25; Joel 4:7; + 
עַל against Isaiah 13:17, compare 
Jeremiah 50:9; 
Jeremiah 51:1; 
Ezekiel 23:22; 
הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ פ׳ Jeremiah 51:11; 
Haggai 1:14; 
1 Chronicles 5:26; 
2 Chronicles 21:16 (+ 
עַל against), 
2 Chronicles 36:22 = 
Ezra 1:1, compare 
Ezra 1:5; 
י׳ subject also in following: 
יָעִיר קִנְאָה Isaiah 42:13, 
יָעִיר Isaiah 50:4 (twice in verse) (+ 
לִי אֹזֶן); 
יָעִיר כָּלחֲֿמָתוֺ Psalm 78:39; human subject, with accusative of person Joel 4:9, 
Daniel 11:2 (+ 
אֵת in conflict 
with, 

 de We Meinh Behrm, compare Bev who thinks 
יערך לקראת possibly); perhaps also, object crocodile 
Job 41:2 (reading 
יְעִירֶנּוּ see 
Qal); 
וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֺ וּלְבָבוֺ Daniel 11:25 (+ 
עַל against); especially of 
rousing love 
Songs 2:7; 
Songs 3:5; 
Songs 8:4 (all || 
Po`l. which see); figurative 
אָעִירָה שָׁ֑חַר Psalm 57:9 I will arouse the dawn (|| Imperative 
Qal which see); participle absolute = 
stirring up (a fire) 
Hosea 7:4 (si vera lectio; compare Ges
§ 120b; but text dubious compare We Now GASm).
 
    2. declarative or exhibitive sense, 
act in an aroused manner, awake, 
לְמִשְׁפָּטִי וְהָקִיצָה הָעִירָה Psalm 35:23, compare 
Job 8:6 (+ 
עַל over = 
for; both subject 
י׳); absolute 
Psalm 73:20.
 
See related Aramaic BDB entry 
H5894.
														
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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