רוּחַ 378 noun feminineGenesis 41:8 (less often 
masculineExodus 10:13 +) 
breath, wind, spirit; — absolute 
ר׳ Genesis 8:1 +, 
ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct 
רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix 
רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +, 
רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 +, etc.; plural 
רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +, 
רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36, 
רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; 
Numbers 26:16 (see Br
רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); — 
    †1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):
    b. as mere breath: compare 
2e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; 
נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, 
הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13.
 
    c. as word of command:
    (2) of Messianic king: 
בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4.
 
    d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger:
    2. wind (117 times):
    a. wind of heaven: 
Genesis 8:1 (P) 
Exodus 15:10 (E) 
Numbers 11:31 (J) 
1 Kings 18:45 +, 
Jeremiah 10:13, thence 
Jeremiah 51:16; 
Psalm 135:7; 
רוּחַ י׳ Hosea 13:15; 
Isaiah 40:7, compare 
Job 26:13 (Di Bu); † 
רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exodus 10:13 (twice in verse); 
Exodus 14:21 (J) 
Psalm 48:8; 
Jeremiah 18:17; 
Ezekiel 17:10; 
Ezekiel 19:12; 
Ezekiel 27:26; 
Jonah 4:8; † 
צָפוֺן ר׳ north wind Proverbs 25:23; † 
יָם ר׳ sea wind (west wind) 
Exodus 10:19 (J);. † 
הַיּוֺם ר׳ day wind, evening wind 
Genesis 3:8 (J; compare 
Songs 2:17; 
Songs 4:6); † 
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jeremiah 49:36; 
Ezekiel 37:9 (quarters?) 
Daniel 8:8; 
Daniel 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare 
b), 
Zechariah 2:10; 
Zechariah 6:5; 
רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Psalm 107:25; 
Psalm 148:8; 
Ezekiel 1:4 (
סְעָרוֺת ר׳), 
Ezekiel 13:11, 
13; 
רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Psalm 55:9 (read possibly 
סערה Hup); 
בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isaiah 11:15 (read 
בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, see 
עֲיָם, 
עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: 
כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = 
Psalm 18:11; 
Psalm 104:3, compare 
Hosea 4:19; 
Psalm 104:4.
 
    d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): 
כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18 (Di, 
e); 
רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) 
Isaiah 33:11 (Du, 
3c).
 
    †3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly 
in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (
76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with 
H5315 נֶפֶשׁ and 
H3824 לֵבָב):
 
    †4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):
    c. it is therefore God's spirit: 
Genesis 6:3 (J; see 
דִּין near the end).
 
    e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du 
breath of wind): 
עַל־פָּנַי וְרוּחַ יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.
 
    †5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ :
    †9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
    a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, 
Numbers 11:17, 
25 (twice in verse); 
Numbers 11:26, 
29 (J), 
1 Samuel 10:6, 
10 (compare 
1 Samuel 10:5), 
1 Samuel 19:20, 
23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as 
אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:15 (twice in verse); 
1 Samuel 16:16, = 
רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:14 = 
רָעָה א׳ צלח ר׳ 1 Samuel 18:10 (other narrative) = 
רָעָה י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 19:9; 
א׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:23 = 
רוּחַ הָרָעָה 1 Samuel 16:23, compare 
הָרוּחַ 1 Kings 22:21 = 
שֶׁקֶר ר׳ 1 Kings 22:22; 
1 Kings 22:23 2 Chronicles 18:20, 
21, 
22 = 
רוּחַ י׳ 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; compare also (in earlier prophets) 
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || 
הַנָּבִּיא Hosea 9:7; 
רוּחַ י׳ Micah 3:8 (|| 
בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); 
וְלֹא רוּחִי Isaiah 30:1; 
רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: 
Ezekiel 2:2; 
Ezekiel 3:12, 
14, 
24; 
Ezekiel 8:3; 
Ezekiel 11:1, 
5, 
24 (Co gloss), 
Ezekiel 37:1; 
Ezekiel 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 
1 Kings 18:12; 
2 Kings 2:16.
 
    c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power:
														Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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