† 
שְׁאוֺל, 
שְׁאֹל noun femininePsalm 86:13 (apparently 
masculine Job 26:6 compare 
Isaiah 14:9, see Albr
ZAW xvi(1896), 51) 
She’ôl, 
underworld (√ dubious; 
שׁאל, i.e. 
palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) Jastr
Amos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (Jeremias
Lebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes Bö
De Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ 
שׁעל, whence 
שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; 
שׁ׳ then = 
hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see Hup
Psalm 6:6 De
Isaiah 5:14 Beer
Bibl. Hades in Holtzmann
Festgabe, 1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic 
שאול, Syriac 

; Assyrian 
šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dl
Pa 121, Prol. 47. 145 Jastr
Amos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bib
s.v.; opposed to by Bertin
TSBA viii. 269 Jen
Kosmol. 223 ff. Zim
KAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-Arnolt
JBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, 
שְׁאוֺל Deuteronomy 32:22 + 
52 times,
הָ֯ Genesis 42:38; 
Psalm 9:18; 
שְׁאֹל 1 Kings 2:6; 
Job 17:16, 
הָ֯ Genesis 37:35 +
7 times; + 
Isaiah 7:11 (so read for 
שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq 
Σ Θ Du Che and now most); — 
    1. the underworld, 
תַּחְתִּית שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 32:22, 
מִתַּחַת Isaiah 14:9; 
מִ֑טָּה מִשּׁ׳ Proverbs 15:24; || 
מָוֶת Proverbs 5:5; 
Proverbs 7:27; 
Songs 8:6; 
Psalm 89:49; whither men descend at death, 
Genesis 37:35 (E), 
Genesis 42:38; 
Genesis 44:29, 
31 (J), 
1 Samuel 2:6; 
1 Kings 2:6, 
9; 
Job 7:9; 
Job 21:13; 
Isaiah 14:11, 
15; 
Psalm 88:4, and 
Korah and associates go down alive by 
י׳'s judgment, 
Numbers 16:30, 
33 (J), compare 
Psalm 55:16; under mountains and sea 
Job 26:6 (compare 
Job 26:5), 
בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jonah 2:3 (compare 
Jonah 2:7); with bars 
Job 17:16 (si vera lectio: see 

 Du); 
שׁ׳ פִּי Psalm 141:7; 
שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 38:10; personified 
Isaiah 28:15, 
18 (|| 
מות). as insatiable monster 
Isaiah 5:14; 
Habakkuk 2:5; 
Proverbs 1:12; 
Proverbs 27:20; 
Proverbs 30:16; as said (figurative) to have snares, 
חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalm 18:6 = 
2 Samuel 22:6 compare 
מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Psalm 116:3; opposed to (height of) 
שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; 
Job 11:8; 
Psalm 139:8 + (opposed to 
לְמָ֑עְלָה) 
Isaiah 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return 
Job 17:13 (compare 
Job 17:16; 
Job 7:9; 
Job 10:21; 
Job 16:22; all being alike 
Job 3:17-19; 
Job 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to 
Ecclesiastes 9:5, 
6, 
10 (compare 
Job 14:21, and see 
רְפָאִים below 
רפה; yet compare 
Isaiah 14:9f.).
 
    2. condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in 
שׁ׳ (later than 
1 Samuel 28, especially in Wisdom Literature):
 
    3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳ :
    b. וַאֲבַדּוֺן שׁ׳ Proverbs 25:11, see 
אֲבַדּוֺן. [
שַׁחַת and 
בּוֺר, which see, when || 
שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (
Psalm 88:4); probably = pit in 
שׁ׳, > 
שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
 
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