אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite
id.); origin dubious:
1. according to Tsepreghi
Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau
Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta
Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom
ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll
§ 153 Sayce
Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag
M. i. 255 & especially Krae
Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' =
footstep, mark,
(do.),
אֲתַר,
place, Assyrian
ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from
demonstrative roots (compare also Nö
ZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (which see) by
(1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and
(2) the addition of the demonstrative root
ל [found also in
אֵל,
אֵלָּה,
הַלָּזֶה (which see),
he who,
who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of
ל to
ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac
by side of
הָלְכָּא.
1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A
sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule
אֲשֶׁר is a mere
connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as
שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g.
Genesis 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally
as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed,
Psalm 1:4 like the chaff
אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so
שָׁם ֗֗֗ אֲשֶׁר =
where,
מִשָּׁם ֗֗֗ אֲשֶׁר =
whence,
Genesis 2:11;
Genesis 3:23;
Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly.
1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as
Numbers 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and
he whom thou cursest is cursed,
Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee
אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as
אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context)
him who..., those who..., that which...;
לַאֲשֶׁר to
him who... Genesis 43:16, to
those who... Genesis 47:24, to
that which Genesis 27:8;
מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30;
2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom;
Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it,
Numbers 5:7;
Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of
אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by
שָׁם,
שָֽׁמָּה,
מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction
עִם אֲשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for
אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see
Genesis 44:9),
בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for
אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם,
לַאֲשֶׁר for
לָהֶם ֗֗֗ אֲשֶׁר Ezekiel 23:40:
Psalm 119:49 see under
על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the
nominative, in the following cases: —
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1st or 2nd person as well as of 3rd person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered
I who..., thou who, etc.;
Hosea 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated!
Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake,
Jeremiah 32:19;
Isaiah 49:23;
Job 37:17f.
thou whose garments are warm..., canst thou? etc.,
Psalm 71:19;
Psalm 71:20;
Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc.,
Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee,
אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (=
though I was wrought in secret),
Exodus 14:13 for
ye who have seen the Egyptians today, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare
Psalm 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when
אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as
Genesis 2:1 the work
אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made,
Genesis 3:3 the tree
אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
7. אֲשֶׁר ל׳ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by
כָּלֿ to express
(all) that (belongs) to, as
Genesis 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is
thine,
Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of
that which was our father's,
Genesis 32:24 & sent over
אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as
Genesis 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep
that were her father's,
Genesis 40:5;
Genesis 47:4;
Leviticus 9:8;
Judges 6:11;
1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ,
2 Samuel 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי,
2 Samuel 23:8;
1 Kings 1:8,
33 אֲשֶׁר־לִי הַפִּרְדָּה עַל upon mine own mule,
1 Kings 1:49;
1 Kings 4:2;
2 Kings 11:10;
2 Kings 16:13;
Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as
Genesis 23:9;
Genesis 40:5;
Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank
which he had,
Exodus 38:30;
Judges 3:20;
Judges 6:25;
1 Samuel 17:40;
1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of
Saul's herdmen,
1 Samuel 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל,
2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host,
1 Kings 10:28;
1 Kings 15:20;
1 Kings 22:31;
Jeremiah 52:17;
Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct)
Judges 18:28;
Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin,
Judges 20:4;
1 Samuel 17:1;
1 Kings 15:27;
1 Kings 16:15;
1 Kings 17:9;
1 Kings 19:3;
2 Kings 14:11. compare
שֶׁל (which see) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -
דִּיל,
, is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. —
N.B. In Aramaic also
דּי,
, without
ל, expresses the genitive relation, as
מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word,
that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of
אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error:
1 Samuel 13:8 read
אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or
שָׂם Exodus 19:5)
שְׁמוּאֵל (
εἶπε);
1 Kings 11:25 supply
עָשָׂה (
ἣν ἐποίησεν);
2 Kings 25:10 supply
אֵת with (as ||
Jeremiah 52:14);
2 Chronicles 34:22 read
וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare
) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from
2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew
§ 292 a, b with note.
8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic
דּי,
, a
conjunction approximating in usage to
כִּי : thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(
β) without
אֵת (not very common,
כִּי being usually employed): after
יָדַע Exodus 11:7;
Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi)
Job 9:5 (Ew De Di)
Ecclesiastes 8:12,
רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV)
1 Samuel 18:15,
הִתְוַדָּה to confess
Leviticus 5:5;
Leviticus 26:40b,
הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear
that...); after a noun
Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign
that... (||
2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew,
2 Chron 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther:
Nehemiah 2:5,
10;
Nehemiah 7:65 (=
Ezra 2:63)
Nehemiah 8:14,
15;
Nehemiah 10:31;
Nehemiah 13:1,
19,
22;
Esther 1:19;
Esther 2:10;
Esther 3:4;
Esther 4:11;
Esther 6:2;
Esther 8:11;
Ecclesiastes 3:22 (
מֵאֲשֶׁר)
Ecclesiastes 5:4;
Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with
טוֺב : contrast
Ruth 2:22)
Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1;
Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse).
c. it has a causal force,
forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18;
Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah,
אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said,
Genesis 34:13,
27;
Genesis 42:21 we are guilty,
אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or,
in that we saw),
Numbers 20:13 Meribah,
because they strove there,
Deuteronomy 3:24;
Joshua 4:7,
23;
Joshua 22:31;
Judges 9:17;
1 Samuel 2:23;
1 Samuel 15:15;
1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace,
אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn,
1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or,
seeing that)
י׳ hath withholden,
2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of
י׳,
אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם,
who (
οἵτινες) have done (or
in that ye have done),
1 Kings 3:19;
1 Kings 15:5;
2 Kings 12:3;
2 Kings 17:4;
2 Kings 23:26;
Jeremiah 16:13;
Ecclesiastes 8:11,
12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in
אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why... ? (=
lest)
Daniel 1:10: see below
לָמָּה. On
אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below
כִּי עַל כֵּן.
e. perhaps (exceptionally) =
כַּאֲשֶׁר,
as,
Jeremiah 33:22;
Isaiah 54:9 (followed by
כֵּן; but
כֵּן which see, sometimes stands without
כאשׁר, &
אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also
Jeremiah 48:8;
Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where
כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual:
אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of
אָמַר). In
1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read
כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr.
f. combined with prepositions,
אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below,
בַּאֲשֶׁר,
כַּאֲשֶׁר,
מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with
(אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר,
מִבְּלִי,
בַּעֲבוּר,
עַל דְּבַר,
יַעַן,
לְמַעַן,
כְּפִי,
עַד,
עַל,
עֵקֶב,
מִפְּנֵי,
תַּחַת, see these words. —
הַאֲשֶׁר, with
ה interrogative, occurs once,
2 Kings 6:22. In
Deuteronomy 15:14 also read
כַּאֲשֶׁר : note
ברכך before.
Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g.
2 Samuel 2:5 (above
8 c),
Isaiah 28:12 unto
whom he said, or
for that he said to
them.
Note 2.
The opinion that
אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like
כִּי, which see), or introduces the apodosis, is not probable, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render
Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak
who have no dawn,' or '... will they speak
when (compare above
8 d Deuteronomy 11:27;
Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'
בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ).
d. †
Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (
בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic
בְּדִיל : see below
שֶׁל).
מֵאֲשֶׁר 17
b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β).
c. conjunction
from (the fact)
that..., since †
Isaiah 43:4.
כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic
כְּדִי,
כַּד) —
1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Genesis 34:12 I will give
כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (
or may) say unto me,
Genesis 44:1;
Exodus 8:23;
Numbers 22:8;
1 Samuel 2:16;
Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised
כאשׁר הם נמולים;
Genesis 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so
כ׳ בראשׁונה Joshua 8:5,
6;
2 Samuel 7:10;
Exodus 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two
כאשׁר צוה אלהִים,
as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P,
Genesis 7:16;
Genesis 8:21;
Genesis 12:4;
Genesis 17:23;
Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse);
Exodus 16:24;
Exodus 39:1,
5,
7;
Numbers 3:16,
42 etc.;
כאשׁר דבר י׳ Deuteronomy 1:21;
Deuteronomy 2:1;
Deuteronomy 6:3,
19 — Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by
כֵּן (compare
כְּ 2d),
Genesis 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם,
Exodus 7:10,
20;
Genesis 18:5 (J)
כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת,
Exodus 10:10 (iron.),
Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order,
Judges 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי,
כן שׁלם לי,
Exodus 7:6 כן עשׂו כאשׁר צוה י׳, compare
Exodus 12:28,
50;
Exodus 39:43;
Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26;
Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently)
Numbers 2:17 (P)
כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree =
the more... the more,
Exodus 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare
Exodus 17:11 (JE)
ישׁר׳ וגבר ֗֗֗ ירים כאשׁר והיה according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise,
Numbers 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה,
Deuteronomy 28:63 (
Jeremiah 31:28),
1 Kings 1:30;
Isaiah 10:11;
Isaiah 14:24;
Isaiah 52:14f. (see
כֵּן 2b).
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare
הָיָה כְּ) to be
as if,
Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה,
Zechariah 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
3. with a
temporal force,
when,
Genesis 18:33 and Y. went away
כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc.,
Genesis 32:3;
Genesis 32:2;
Genesis 32:32; [
Genesis 32:31;
1 Samuel 8:6;
2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by
וַּ (Dr
§ 127 β),
1 Samuel 6:6;
1 Samuel 12:8;
֗֗֗ כאשׁר ויהי and it came to pass, when...
Genesis 12:11;
Genesis 20:13;
Genesis 24:22,
52;
Exodus 32:19 + often;
Genesis 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so
Esther 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי.
Joshua 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either
אחרי or
כ. Of future time,
Genesis 27:40;
Genesis 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך,
Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17;
Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb
Isaiah 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. —
Micah 3:3 כאשׁר is simply
as that which,
Job 29:25 as one who.
ּ שֶׁ, also (†
Genesis 6:3 [? see
4 a],
Judges 5:7 (twice in verse);
Songs 1:7;
Job 19:29 [?])
ּ שֶׁ,
שָׁ in
שָׁאַתָּה †
Judges 6:17, and
שְׁ in
שְׁהוּא †
Ecclesiastes 2:22,
שְׁהֵם†
Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural
שֶׁ, as
שֶׁאֲנִי †
Songs 1:6;
Ecclesiastes 2:18,
שֶׁאֵין †
Psalm 146:3,
שֶׁהֵם †
Songs 6:5;
Lamentations 4:9,
שֶׁעַל †
Judges 7:12;
Judges 8:26,
שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי †
Songs 5:2),
relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb
371, 445; Assyrian
sha; Phoenician
אש (regularly), also sometimes
ש (Ldzb
227f.): according to Ges Ew
§ 181 b Ol
p. 439 Sta
§ 176 e, abbreviated from
אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see
אֲשֶׁר], Kö
ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with
אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely †
Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [
אֲשֶׁר Judges 5:27],
Judges 6:17;
Judges 7:12;
Judges 8:26;
2 Kings 6:11 (see
4c),
Jonah 1:7,
12;
Jonah 4:10 [
אֲשֶׁר +
11 times],
Psalm 122:3;
Psalm 122:4;
Psalm 123:2;
Psalm 124:1;
Psalm 124:2;
Psalm 124:6;
Psalm 129:6;
Psalm 129:7;
Psalm 133:2;
Psalm 133:3;
Psalm 135:2;
Psalm 135:8;
Psalm 135:10;
Psalm 136:23;
Psalm 137:8;
Psalm 137:9;
Psalm 144:15;
Psalm 146:3;
Psalm 146:5;
Lamentations 2:15,
16;
Lamentations 4:9;
Lamentations 5:18;
Ezra 8:20;
1 Chronicles 5:20;
1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles [Songs] (uniformly, except in title
Songs 1:1); Ecclesiastes (
68 times;
אֲשֶׁא +
89 times); also (dubious)
Genesis 6:3;
Genesis 49:10 (
שֶׁלֹּה 
),
Job 19:29; and in the proper name (which see.)
מִישָׁאֵל and
מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage,
ּ שֶׁ is in the main parallel with
אֲשֶׁר, namely...
1. as
pronoun who, which, whom,
Judges 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare
חוֺל c),
Psalm 122:3;
Psalm 124:6 etc.;
him whom, that which, etc.,
Songs 1:7;
Songs 3:1;
1 Chronicles 27:27;
Ecclesiastes 1:11;
Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is
that which his days amount to (Hi De and others),
Ecclesiastes 6:10;
ּ שֶׁ הוּא that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive,
ּ שֶׁ אַשְׁרֵי †
Psalm 137:8;
Psalm 137:9;
Psalm 146:5. — On
ּמַה־שֶּׁin Ecclesiastes =
whatever, what, see
מָה 1e b.
3. as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
4. compounds:
a. ּ בְּשֶׁ, the same as
בַּאֲשֶׁר c in that, seeing that,
Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to MT
Hu De)
Genesis 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see
שָׁגַג.
b. ּ כְּשֶׁ, the same as כַּאֲשֶׁר
d. שֶׁל, like
לְ אֲשֶׁר (
אֲשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix,
Songs 1:6 =
Songs 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine),
Songs 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as
Aboth 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples,
2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת,
Songs 2:2;
3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare
in Syriac, as
Luke 6:42 
my words, Nö
§ 225). And with
בְּ,
בְּשֶׁל literally
through that which belongs to or
concerns, pleonastic for
on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic
בְּרִיל, from
בְּ,
דִּי, and
לְ, as in Onk
Genesis 12:13 בדילי on my account,
Genesis 30:27;
Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף,
בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ?
Judges 8:1;
2 Samuel 9:1;
1 Kings 11:12,
39, etc.),
Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (||
Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss),
Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (
בְּדִיל מַן,
בְּדִילִי);
Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact)
that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic
בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as
Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא,
Genesis 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew
בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene
בדיל די Ldzb
233, — in Tariff
1:4 (Cooke
N. Semitic Inscr. 320) =
ἐπειδή).
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H1768.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc.
All rights reserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Verse-Reference
Square — [Jhn 1:1 KJV]
Abbreviate Books
Use SBL Abbrev.
.
