γραμματεύς, 
-έως, (accusative plural 
-εῖς, Winers Grammar, § 9, 2; [Buttmann, 14 (13)]), 
ὁ, (
γράμμα), 
Sept. for 
סֹפֵר and 
שֹׁטֵר;
1. in secular authors and here and there in the 
O. T. [e. g. 2 Samuel 8:17; 
2 Samuel 20:25; 
2 Kings 19:2; 
2 Kings 25:19; 
Psalm 44:2 (
Ps. 45:2)], 
a clerk, scribe, especially 
a public scribe, secretary, recorder, whose office and influence differed in different states: 
Acts 19:35 (Sir. 10:5); [cf. 
Lightfoot in The Contemporary Review for 1878, p. 294; 
Wood, Discoveries at Ephesus, Appendix, Inscriptions from the Great Theatre, p. 49 n.],
2. in the Bible, 
a man learned in the Mosaic law and in the sacred writings, an interpreter, teacher: 
Matthew 23:34; 
1 Corinthians 1:20 (called also 
νομικός in 
Luke 10:25, and 
νομοδιδάσκαλος in 
Luke 5:17; [Meyer (on 
Matthew 22:35), while denying any essential difference between 
γραμματεύς and 
νομικός (cf. 
Luke 11:52, 
53 — yet see critical texts), regards the latter name as the more specific (
a jurisconsult) and Classic, 
γρ. as the more general (
a learned man) and Hebraistic; it is also the more common in the Apocrypha, where 
νομ. occurs only 4 Macc. 5:3. As 
teachers they were called 
νομοδιδάσκαλοι. Cf. 
B. D. under the word Lawyer, also under the word Scribes I. 1 note]); 
Jeremiah 8:8 (cf. 
Jeremiah 2:8); 
Nehemiah 8:1; 
Nehemiah 12:26, 
36; 
2 Esdr. 7:6, 11, and especially Sir. 38:24, 31ff; Sir. 39:1-11. The 
γραμματεῖς explained the meaning of the sacred oracles, 
Matthew 2:4 [
γρ. 
τοῦ λαοῦ, 
Joshua 1:10; 1 Macc. 5:42; cf. Sir. 44:4]; 
Matthew 17:10; 
Mark 9:11; 
Mark 12:35; examined into the more difficult and subtile questions of the law, 
Matthew 9:3; 
Mark 2:6; 
Mark 12:28; added to the Mosaic law decisions of various kinds thought to elucidate its meaning and scope, and did this to the detriment of religion, 
Matthew 5:20; 
Matthew 15:1ff; 
23:2ff; 
Mark 7:1ff; cf. 
Luke 11:46. Since the advice of men skilled in the law was needed in the examination of causes and the solution of difficult questions, they were enrolled in the Sanhedrin; and accordingly in the 
N. T. they are often mentioned in connection with the priests and elders of the people: 
Matthew 21:15; 
Matthew 26:3 R G; 
Mark 11:18, 
27; 
Mark 14:1; 
Mark 15:1; 
Luke 19:47; 
Luke 20:1; 
Luke 22:2. Cf. 
Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 25 ii.; 
Klöpper in Schenkel v. 247ff; [and thorough articles in 
BB. DD. under the word Scribes; cf. 
W. Robertson Smith, The 
O. T. in the Jewish Ch., Lect. iii.]:
3. universally, 
a religious teacher: 
γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς εἰς τὴν βασιλ. 
τῶν οὐρ. a teacher so instructed that from his learning and ability to teach advantage may redound to the kingdom of heaven, 
Matthew 13:52 [but 
G T Tr WH read 
μαθ. 
τῇ βασιλείᾳ (L 
ἐν τ. 
β.); and many interpret 
made a disciple unto the kingdom of heaven (which is personified); see 
μαθητεύω, at the end]. 
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