εἴδω, ἴδω, Latin video, [Sanskrit vid, perfect vêda know, vind-â-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282], an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἴδω and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
I. 2 aorist εἶδον, the common form, with the term. of the 1 aorist (see references under the word ἀπέρχομαι, at the beginning) εἶδα, Revelation 17:3 L, 6 L T Tr; 1 person plural εἴδαμεν, L T Tr WH in Acts 4:20; Mark 2:12; Tr WH in Matthew 25:37; WH in Matthew 25:38; Mark 9:38; Luke 9:49; 3 person plural εἶδαν, T WH in Luke 9:32; Tr WH in Luke 10:24; Acts 6:15; Acts 28:4; T Tr WH in Mark 6:50; L T Tr WH in John 1:39 (John 1:40); Acts 9:35; Acts 12:16; WH in Mark 6:33; add ἴδαν Tdf. in Matthew 13:17; Luke 10:24; ἴδον (an epic form, cf. Matthiae, i., p. 564; [Veitch, p. 215]; very frequent in the Sept. and in 1 Macc., cf. Grimm on 1 Macc., p. 54; on the frequent interchange of ἴδον and εἶδον in manuscripts, cf. Jacobs ad Achilles Tatius 2, 24; [WHs Appendix, pp. 162, 164; Tdf. Sept. Proleg., p. 60; N. T. Proleg., p. 89; Buttmann, 39 (34)]), Tdf. in Revelation 4:1; Revelation 6:1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12; Revelation 7:1, etc.; 3 person singular ἴδεν, Tdf. in Luke 5:2; Revelation 1:2; 2 person plural ἴδετε, Philippians 1:30 Rec.; 3 person plural ἴδον, Tdf. in [Luke 2:20]; John 19:6; subjunctive ἴδω; imperative ἴδε (Attic ἰδέ cf. Winers Grammar, § 6, 1 a.; [Buttmann, 62 (54); Göttling, Accentl. 52]), [2 person plural ἴδετε, John 1:39 (40)R G L]; infinitive ἰδεῖν; participle ἰδών; (Sept. mostly for רָאָה sometimes for חָזָה and יָדַע ); to see (have seen), be seeing (saw), i. e.
1. to perceive (with the eyes; Latin conspicere, German erblicken);
a. universally, τινά or τί: Matthew 2:2; Matthew 4:16; Matthew 14:14; Matthew 28:6; Mark 1:10, 16; Mark 2:14; Luke 5:26; Luke 7:22; John 1:47f (John 1:48f); John 6:26; 19:6; Acts 9:35; Acts 12:16; Galatians 1:19; 1 Timothy 6:16, and very often. οὐδέποτε οὕτως εἴδομεν we never saw in such fashion, i. e. such a sight never befell us, Mark 2:12, old German also hat man nicht gesehen, seit etc.; cf. Kuinoel ad Mat., p. 280 edition 4. ἰδεῖν τι and ἀκοῦσαί τι are conjoined in Luke 7:22; Acts 22:14; 1 Corinthians 2:9; James 5:11; ἰδεῖν and ἰδεῖν τι are also used by those to whom something is presented in vision, as the author of the Apocalypse relates that he saw this or that: Revelation 1:12, 17; Revelation 4:1 [here εἶδον κ. ἰδού a formula peculiar to Rev.; see ἰδού, at the end]; Rev 5:1f,6,11; 6:9; 7:1,9, etc.; John 12:41; ἰδεῖν ὅραμα Acts 10:17; Acts 16:10; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὁράματι, Acts 9:12 [R G]; Acts 10:3; ἐν τῇ ὁράσει, Revelation 9:17; elliptically ἰδεῖν τι ἔκ τινος namely, ἐκπορευθέν, Revelation 16:13, cf. Revelation 1:16; Hebraistically (on which see Winers Grammar, § 45, 8; Buttmann, § 144, 30) ἰδὼν εἶδον I have surely seen: Acts 7:34 after Exodus 3:7. Frequent in the historical books of the N. T. is the participle ἰδών, ἰδόντες, continuing the narrative, placed before a finite verb, and either having an accusative added, as in Matthew 2:10; Matthew 3:7; Matthew 5:1; Matthew 8:34; Mark 5:22; Mark 9:20; Luke 2:48; Luke 7:13; John 5:6; John 6:14; Acts 13:12; Acts 14:11, etc.; or the accusative is omitted, as being evident from the context: Matthew 9:8, 11; Matthew 21:20; Mark 10:14; Luke 1:12; Luke 2:17; Acts 3:12; Acts 7:31, etc.
b. with the accusative of a person or a thing, and a participle [cf. Winer's Grammar, § 45, 4 a.]: Matthew 3:7, 16; Matthew 8:14; Mark 1:16; Mark 6:33; Luke 9:49; Luke 21:2; John 1:33, 47f (John 1:48f); Acts 3:9; Acts 11:13; 1 Corinthians 8:10; 1 John 5:16; Revelation 9:1, and often.
c. followed by ὅτι: Mark 2:16 L T Tr WH; Mark 9:25; John 6:22, 24, etc.
d. followed by an indirect question with the indicative: with τίς, Luke 19:3; with τί, Mark 5:14; with πηλίκος, Galatians 6:11.
e. ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε, a formula of invitation, the use of which leaves the object of the seeing to be inferred by the hearers from the matter under consideration: John 11:34 (John 11:35); John 1:46 (John 1:47) (here ἴδε is equivalent to by seeing learn, namely, that Jesus is the Messiah), and Griesbach in Revelation 6:1, 5; plural John 1:39 (John 1:40) (where T Tr WH ἔρχ. κ. ὄψεσθε). The Rabbis use the phrases וחזי תא and וראה בא to command attention.
f. ἰδεῖν used absolutely and πιστεύειν are contrasted in John 20:29.
2. like the Latin video, to perceive by any of the senses: Matthew 27:54; Mark 15:39; Luke 17:15.
3. universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover: τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν, Matthew 9:2; τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν, Matthew 9:4 (where L Tr WH text εἰδώς for ἰδών); τ. διαλογισμὸν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, Luke 9:47 [T WH text Tr marginal reading εἰδώς]; ἴδε with the accusative of the thing, Romans 11:22; followed by ὅτι, Matthew 27:3, 24; Acts 12:3; Acts 14:9; Acts 16:19; Galatians 2:7, 14; ἴδε, ὅτι, John 7:52; ἰδεῖν τινα, ὅτι, Mark 12:34 [Tr brackets the accusative].
4. to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything;
a. to pay attention, observe: followed by εἰ interrogative Matthew 27:49; by ποταπός, 1 John 3:1.
b. περί τινος (cf. Latin videre de allqua re), to see about something [A. V. to consider of], i. e. to ascertain what must be done about it, Acts 15:6.
c. to inspect, examine: τί, Luke 14:18.
d. τινά, to look at, behold: John 21:21; Mark 8:33.
5. to experience, τί, any state or condition [cf. Winer's Grammar, 17]: as τὸν θάνατον, Luke 2:26; Hebrews 11:5, (Josephus, Antiquities 9, 2, 2 [οἶδεν] cf. John 8:51 (Psalm 88:49 (Ps. 89:49); τὴν διαφθοράν, to pass into a state of corruption, be dissolved, Acts 2:27, 31; Acts 13:35-37 (Psalm 15:10 (Ps. 16:10)); τὴν βασιλ. τ. θεοῦ, to partake of salvation in the kingdom of God, John 3:3; πένθος, Revelation 18:7; τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ, by some marvellous event get a signal experience of the beneficent power of God, John 11:40; στενοχωρίας, 1 Macc. 13:3 (ἀλοχου χάριν, Homer, Iliad 11, 243); on the same use of the verb רָאָה and the Latin videre, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus 3, p. 1246. ἡμέραν, to live to see a day (a time) and enjoy the blessings it brings: ἡμέρας ἀγαθάς, 1 Peter 3:10 from Psalm 33:13 (Ps. 34:13); τὴν ἡμέραν ἐμήν (Christ's language) the time when I should exercise my saving power on earth, John 8:56; εἶδε namely, τ. ἡμ. ἐμήν, from the abode of the blessed in paradise he in spirit saw my day, ibid. (see ἀγαλλιάω, under the end); ἐπιθυμήσετε μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν... ἰδεῖν, ye will wish that even a single day of the blessed coming age of the Messiah may break upon your wretched times, Luke 17:22; so in Greek writings, especially the poets, ἦμαρ, ἡμέραν ἰδεῖν, in Latin videre diem; cf. Kuinoel on John 8:56.
6. with the accusative of person to see i. e. have an interview with, to visit: Luke 8:20; John 12:21; Acts 16:40; Acts 28:20; Romans 1:11; 1 Corinthians 16:7; Philippians 1:27; 1 Thessalonians 3:6; 2 Timothy 1:4; 3 John 1:14; τὸ πρόσωπον τίνος: 1 Thessalonians 2:17; 1 Thessalonians 3:10 (Lucian, dial. d. 24, 2 [cf. Rutherford on Babrius 11, 9]); with an accusative of place, to visit, go to: Acts 19:21.

II. 2 perfect οἶδα, οἶδας (1 Corinthians 7:16; John 21:15, for the more common οἶσθα), οἴδαμεν (for ἴσμεν, more common in Greek), οἴδατε (ἴστε, the more usual classic form, is found only in Ephesians 5:5 G L T Tr WH and Hebrews 12:17, [probably also in James 1:19 according to the reading of L T Tr WH; but see below]), οἴδασι (and once the Attic ἴσασι, Acts 26:4), imperative ἴστε, once, James 1:19 L T Tr WH, [but see above], subjunctive εἰδῶ, infinitive εἰδέναι, participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα (Mark 5:33; Acts 5:7); pluperfect ᾔδειν, 2 person everywhere ᾔδεις, 3 person ᾔδει, plural 2 person ᾔδειτε, 3 person ᾔδεισαν (for the more common ἠδεσαν [Veitch, p. 218; Buttmann, 43 (38)]); future ἐιδήσω (Hebrews 8:11); cf. Winers Grammar, 84 (81); Buttmann, 51 (44); Sept. chiefly for יָרִע; like the Latin novi it has the signification of a present to know, understand; and the pluperfect the significance of an imperfect; [cf. Winer's Grammar, 274 (257)].
1. to know: with the accusative of the thing, Matthew 25:13; Mark 10:19; John 10:4; John 13:17; John 14:4; Acts 5:7; Romans 7:7; 1 Corinthians 2:2; Revelation 2:2, 9, etc.; τοῦτο [Rec.; others have πάντα] followed by ὅτι, etc. Jude 1:5; with the accusative of person, Matthew 26:72, 74; John 1:31; John 6:42; Acts 3:16; 2 Corinthians 5:16, etc.; τὸν θεόν, Titus 1:16, cf. John 8:19; John 15:21; Gentiles are called οἱ μὴ εἰδότες τ. θεόν in 1 Thessalonians 4:5; 2 Thessalonians 1:8, cf. Galatians 4:8; the predicate of the person is added (as often in Attic), εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον, namely, ὄντα, Mark 6:20 [Buttmann, 304 (261)]; in the form of a participle 2 Corinthians 12:2. to an accusative of the object by attraction (Winers Grammar, § 66, 5 a.; Buttmann, 377 (323)) an epexegetical clause is added [cf. especially Buttmann, 301 (258)], with ὅτι, 1 Corinthians 16:15; 2 Corinthians 12:3; Acts 16:3; or an indirect question [Buttmann, 250f (215f)], Mark 1:24; Luke 4:34; Luke 13:25, 27; John 7:27; John 9:29. εἰδέναι is used with the accusative and infinitive in Luke 4:41; 1 Peter 5:9; followed by ὅτι, Matthew 9:6; John 19:35; Acts 2:30; Romans 5:3, and very often; οἴδαμεν followed by ὅτι is not infrequently, so far as the sense is concerned, equivalent to it is well known, acknowledged: Matthew 22:16; Luke 20:21; John 3:2; John 9:31; Romans 2:2; Romans 3:19; Romans 7:14; Romans 8:22, 28; 2 Corinthians 5:1; 1 Timothy 1:8; 1 John 3:2; 1 John 5:20; cf. Lightfoot [in his Horae Hebrew et Talm.] and Baumg.-Crusius on John 3:2. frequent, especially in Paul, is the interrogative formula οὐκ οἴδατε and ἤ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι, by which something well known is commended to one for his thoughtful consideration: Romans 11:2; 1 Corinthians 3:16; 1 Corinthians 5:6; 1 Corinthians 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 1 Corinthians 9:13, 24; οὐκ οἴδατε followed by an indirect question. Luke 9:55 [Rec.]; οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι, John 19:10; οὐκ ᾔδειτε, Luke 2:49; εἰδέναι followed by an indirect question. [cf. Buttmann, as above], Matthew 26:70; John 9:21, 25, 30; John 14:5; John 20:13; 1 Corinthians 1:16; 1 Corinthians 7:16; 2 Corinthians 12:2; Romans 8:26; Ephesians 6:21; 1 Timothy 3:15, and very often.
2. to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive;
a. any fact: as, τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις, Matthew 12:25; τὴν ὑπόκρισιν, Mark 12:15; τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν, Luke 6:8; Luke 11:17; with the addition of ἐν ἑαυτῷ followed by ὅτι, John 6:61.
b. the force and meaning of something, which has a definite meaning: 1 Corinthians 2:11f; τὴν παραβολήν, Mark 4:13; μυστήρια, 1 Corinthians 13:2; followed by an indirect question. Ephesians 1:18.
c. as in classical Greek, followed by an infinitive in the sense of to know how (Latin calleo, to be skilled in): Matthew 7:11; Luke 11:13; Luke 12:56; Philippians 4:12; 1 Thessalonians 4:4; 1 Timothy 3:5; James 4:17; 2 Peter 2:9; ὡς οἴδατε, namely, ἀσφαλίσασθαι, Matthew 27:65.
3. Hebraistically, εἰδέναι τινά to have regard for one, cherish, pay attention to: 1 Thessalonians 5:12 (Sept. Genesis 39:6 for יָדַע ). [Synonym: see γινώσκω.]

Related entry:

οἶδα, see εἴδω, II. p. 174.