†
חַטָּאת noun feminine1 Samuel 14:38 (
Genesis 4:7 no exception for
רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast)
sin, sin-offering,
ח׳ Genesis 4:7124 times;
לְחַטָּ֯ת Numbers 15:24 (text error for.
לחטאת),
לְחַטַּאת Zechariah 13:1 (but read
לְחַטָּאת Sta
ZAW i. 35); construct
חַטַּאת Exodus 30:10 +
19 times; suffix
חַטָּאתִי Genesis 31:36 +
16 times;
חַטָּאתֹיו֯ 1 Kings 16:26,
חַטַּאתְכֶם Exodus 32:30 +
3 times; etc., +
52 times suffix; plural
חַטָּאוֺת 2 Kings 12:17 +
3 times; construct
חַטּאֹות Psalm 25:7 +
17 times;
חַטּאֹת Numbers 5:6 +
6 times; suffix
חַטּאֹותָ֑י Psalm 25:18;
חַטּאֹתָו֯ Ezekiel 18:21;
Ezekiel 33:16, etc., +
40 times suffix; —
1. sin:
b. against God Leviticus 4:14,
23,
28 (P),
1 Samuel 2:17;
1 Samuel 14:38;
1 Kings 16:13 (twice in verse);
2 Kings 21:16;
2 Kings 21:17;
2 Chronicles 33:19;
Isaiah 3:9;
Isaiah 30:1;
Isaiah 58:1;
Isaiah 59:2;
Isaiah 59:12;
Isaiah 16:10; Isaiah 16:18;
Isaiah 30:14;
Isaiah 30:15; Isaiah 50:20;
Lamentations 4:6,
22;
Ezekiel 16:51;
Ezekiel 18:14;
Ezekiel 21:29;
Ezekiel 33:10,
16;
Amos 5:12 (We
Kl. Proph. reads
חטאיכם), as
Isaiah 1:18 — see
חֵטא — on accusative of masculine
עצומים),
Micah 1:13;
Micah 3:8;
Psalm 32:5;
Psalm 51:5;
Psalm 59:4;
Proverbs 5:22;
Proverbs 13:6;
Proverbs 14:34;
Proverbs 21:4;
Proverbs 24:9;
Job 13:23; Job 14:23;
Daniel 9:20 (twice in verse);
נעורי ח׳ sins of my youth Psalm 25:7;
נפשׁי פרי בטני ח׳ Micah 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the
sin of myself; sin of divination
1 Samuel 15:23; of the mouth
Psalm 59:13;
עמי יאכלו ח׳ Hosea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare We;
Hi Or and others
sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early prophets, and ||
עָוֺן against it, see We
Prol. 3. 76);
לפתח חטאת רבץ Genesis 4:7 (J)
at the door (of Cain)
sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf
Deuteronomy 9:21; and the high places of Beath Aven
Hosea 10:8; with
בְּ on the ground of sin Nehemiah 9:37;
for sin Micah 1:5;
2 Kings 24:3;
Isaiah 40:2;
Jeremiah 15:13;
Jeremiah 17:3;
Ezekiel 16:52;
with or
by sin 1 Kings 14:22;
1 Kings 16:2;
Isaiah 43:24;
הלך בח׳ walk in sin 1 Kings 15:3,
26,
34;
1 Kings 16:19,
26,
31;
2 Kings 17:22;
דבק בח׳ cleave unto sin 2 Kings 3:3; with
עַל on account of sin Deuteronomy 9:18;
1 Kings 15:30;
1 Kings 16:19;
Micah 6:13;
for sin Leviticus 4:3,
28,
35;
Leviticus 5:6,
13 (P)
Leviticus 19:22;
Leviticus 26:18,
24,
28 (H);
יסף על ח׳ add unto sin 1 Samuel 12:19;
2 Chronicles 28:13;
Isaiah 30:1;
Job 34:37; with
כְּ according to sin Leviticus 26:21; with
לְ to or
for sin Leviticus 16:16,
21;
Deuteronomy 19:15;
1 Kings 12:30;
1 Kings 13:34;
Proverbs 10:16;
Zechariah 13:1; with
מִן because of sin Leviticus 4:26;
Leviticus 5:6,
10;
Leviticus 16:34 (P),
Leviticus 19:22 (H),
Lamentations 4:13;
more than sin Job 35:3;
טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Proverbs 20:9;
מגני ח׳ because of sin Psalm 38:4;
בגלל ח׳ because of sin 1 Kings 14:16;
הלך אחר ח׳ walk after sin 2 Kings 13:2.
d. God deals with sin:
e. atonement may be secured for,
כפּר בעד ח׳ Exodus 32:30 (J E; Moses, by his intercession).
3. punishment for sin: כָלהַֿגּוֺיִם מִצְרָ֑יִם וח׳ זֹאת תִּהְיֶה ח׳ Zechariah 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).
4. sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P,
Leviticus 7:37; first in the history
2 Kings 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where
חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chronicles:
2 Chronicles 29:21,
23,
24 Hezekiah had made a
ח׳ of 7
צְפִירֵי עִזִּים at purification of temple;
Ezra 8:35; 12
צְפִירֵי ח׳ were offered;
Nehemiah 10:34 ח׳ ||
עולות; — in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ezekiel and P. — On
Hosea 4:8 see
1 above. In H,
Leviticus 23:19a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ezekiel
ח׳ in general || other sacrifices,
Ezekiel 40:39;
Ezekiel 45:17,
25;
Ezekiel 46:20; and priests eat them
Ezekiel 42:13;
Ezekiel 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a
שׂעיר עזים was to be offered
Ezekiel 43:19,
21,
22,
25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (
first day of seventh month)
Ezekiel 45:17,
19 (compare
Ezekiel 45:18;
Ezekiel 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a
שׂעיר עזים Ezekiel 45:22,
23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering
Ezekiel 44:27. P gives several grades:
a. a ruler should offer a he-goat
Leviticus 4:24,
25;
Numbers 7:16,
22,
28,
34,
40,
46,
52,
58,
64,
70,
76,
82,
87; an ordinary person a she-goat
Leviticus 4:29 (compare
Leviticus 4:28)
Leviticus 5:6;
Numbers 15:27, ewe lamb
Leviticus 4:32,
33 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 4:34;
Leviticus 14:19;
Numbers 6:14,
16, a turtle dove or young pigeon
Leviticus 5:7,
8,
9 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 12:6,
8;
Leviticus 14:22,
31;
Leviticus 15:15,
30;
Numbers 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour
Leviticus 5:11 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare
Leviticus 4:22,
35) and a handful of the flour (compare
Leviticus 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place
Leviticus 5:13;
Leviticus 6:10;
Leviticus 6:18 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 6:23 (compare
Leviticus 6:11;
Leviticus 6:19),
Leviticus 7:7;
Leviticus 10:16,
17,
19 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 14:13;
Numbers 18:9.
b. a bullock was offered for priests
Exodus 29:14,
36;
Leviticus 4:3,
8,
20;
Leviticus 8:2,
14 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 9:2,
7,
8,
10; for Levites at their installation
Numbers 8:8,
12 and for whole congregation
Leviticus 4:14,
21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat
Numbers 15:24,
25, especially at dedication of altar
Leviticus 9:3,
15,
22. and in ritual of feasts
Numbers 28:15,
22,
30;
Numbers 29:5,
11,
16,
19,
22,
25,
28,
31,
34,
38. Before consecration of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (
Leviticus 9:9), but subsequently some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (
Leviticus 4:3-21;
Leviticus 6:23;
Leviticus 8:16,
17;
Leviticus 9:10,
11).
c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock
Leviticus 16:3,
6; and for congregation two he-goats, one
לַעֲזָאזֵל (see
עזאזל)
Leviticus 16:5 (compare
Leviticus 16:8;
Leviticus 16:10;
Leviticus 16:20;
Leviticus 16:22), the other for sacrifice
ליהוה Leviticus 16:9 (compare
Leviticus 16:8). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the
כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat
Leviticus 16:11 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 16:15 (compare
Leviticus 16:12-14;
Leviticus 16:16;
Leviticus 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in
a and
b and so sin was covered over at the three altars
Exodus 30:10 (compare
Leviticus 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp
Leviticus 16:25,
27 (twice in verse). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed
בשׁגגה Leviticus 4:2,
22,
27;
Numbers 15:27,
לשׁגגה Numbers 15:24, minor offences
Leviticus 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness
Leviticus 12:6,
8;
Leviticus 14:13;
Leviticus 15:15;
Numbers 6:11,
14.) — Pharses for sacrificing are:
עשׂה ח׳ Leviticus 9:7,
22;
Leviticus 14:19;
Numbers 6:16;
Ezekiel 45:17,
הקריב ח׳ Leviticus 10:19;
Ezekiel 44:27,
שׁחט ח׳ Leviticus 14:13;
Ezekiel 40:39.
5. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P:
ח׳ מֵ׳ Numbers 8:7 water of purification from sin;
הוּא מֵי נִדָּה ח׳ water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Numbers 19:9;
עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח׳ Numbers 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders
sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H2409.
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