יָדַע 943 verb know (Late Hebrew 
id., Aramaic 
H3046 יְדַע 
; Phoenician 
ידע; Ethiopic 

 II. I. 
indicate, announce, narrate; Assyrian 
idû, 
know, COT
Gloss; Sabean 
ידע, especially in compound proper name DHM
ZMG 1875, 612) — 
Qal Perfect יָדַע Genesis 4:1 +; 
יָדָ֑ע Leviticus 5:1 +; suffix 
יְדָעוֺ Deuteronomy 34:10; 
Job 28:7; 
יְדָעָהּ Genesis 24:16; 
1 Kings 1:4; 
יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isaiah 63:16; 
3rd person feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judges 11:39 + 
4 times; 
2nd person masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Genesis 30:26 +; 
יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 Samuel 2:26; 
יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 
1 Kings 2:15; 
יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 50:24; 
וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive 
Ruth 3:4 + 
6 times (including 
Ezekiel 22:16, Co 
וִידַעְתֶּם, so 
 
 
) + 
Ezekiel 28:22 Co (for 
וְיָֽֽֽדְעוּ), so 

; 
יָדַ֫עְתִּי Genesis 4:9 +; suffix 
יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exodus 33:12 + 
2 times; 
יְדַעְתִּיו Genesis 18:19; 
יְדַעְתִּים Proverbs 30:18; 
יְדַעְתִּין Isaiah 48:7; 
יָָֽדְעוּ Genesis 19:8 +; 
יָדָ֑עוּ 2 Kings 4:39 +; 
יָָֽדְעוּן Deuteronomy 8:3, 
Deuteronomy 8:16 (Dr
§ 6 n.); 
2nd person masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Genesis 44:15 +; 
2nd person feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Genesis 31:6; 
וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive 
Ezekiel 13:21, 
Ezekiel 13:23, etc.; 
Imperfect יֵדַע Isaiah 7:16 +; 
יֵדָ֑ע Joshua 22:22 + 
5 times; 
וְיֵדָ֑ע Psalm 138:6 (read probably 
יֵידָ֑ע see Ges
§ 69, 2 R, 3); 
וַיֵּ֫דַע Genesis 4:17 +; suffix 
יֵֽֽֽדָעֶנּוּ Jeremiah 17:9; 
וְיֵֽֽֽדָעֵם Hosea 14:10 [
Hosea 14:9] 
Imperative דַּע Genesis 20:7 + 
10 times; 
דְּעֶה Proverbs 24:14; 
דָּ֑ע  Ecclesiastes 11:9; suffix 
דָּעֵ֫הוּ Proverbs 3:6; 
דְּעִי Jeremiah 2:19 + 
4 times; 
דְּעוּ Numbers 32:23 + 
15 times; 
Infinitive construct דֵּעָה Exodus 2:4; 
דַּ֫עַת Genesis 3:22 +; 
דַּעְתִּי Deuteronomy 9:24, etc.; 
Infinitive absolute יָדוֺעַ Genesis 43:7; 
Joshua 23:13; 
יַדֹעַ Genesis 15:13 + 
11 times; 
Participle active יֹדֵעַ Genesis 3:5 +; feminine 
יֹדַ֫עַת Numbers 31:17 + 
2 times; 
יֹדְעִים 2 Kings 17:26 +; 
passive וִידוּעַ construct 
Isaiah 53:3; plural 
וִידֻעִים Deuteronomy 1:13, 
Deuteronomy 1:15; — 
    1.
    a. know, learn to know, good and evil 
Genesis 3:22 (J), followed by 
אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר 1 Samuel 28:9; 
הָעָם מִסְפַּר 2 Samuel 24:2; 
anything מְאוּמָה 1 Samuel 20:39; 
לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Genesis 36:6 (see II. 
אֵךְ 1. b), so 
Genesis 36:8; 
כָּלדָּֿבָר 2 Samuel 15:11, subject God, knowing fowls 
Psalm 50:11; way to wisdom 
Job 28:23; etc.; of bird of prey 
נָתִיב לֹא יְדָעוֺ עָ֑יִט Job 28:7; the price of wisdom 
Job 28:13; something future 
יום מוֺתִי Genesis 27:2 (J); especially followed by clause 
Genesis 12:11 (J) 
I know that thou art a woman of fair appearance, 
Genesis 22:12 (E), 
Ecclesiastes 1:17; 
לֹא ידעתי Genesis 28:16; answering question where? without other object, 
Genesis 4:9 (both J); followed by accusative + 
בְּ, 
in, in the matter of (see 
בְּ I 2 b) 
לֹא יָדַע עַבְדְּךָ בְּכָלֿ זֹאת דָּבָר קָטֹן אוֺ גדוֺל 1 Samuel 22:15 thy servant knoweth not of all this anything, little or much; followed by 
בְּ (rare), 
gain knowledge of, learn of or 
about, with infinitive 
הֲתֵדַע בְּשׂוּםאֱֿלוֺהַּ עֲלֵיהֶם Job 37:15 dost thou know about God's enjoining upon them? also with substantive 
אִישׁ אַליֵֿדַע בַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Jeremiah 38:24 let not a man know of these words; similarly followed by 
עַל, only 
הֲתֵדַע עַלמִֿפְלְשֵׂיעָֿ֑ב Job 37:16 dost thou know concerning the balancings of clouds? (in 
Job 12:9 בְּ is instrumental, as 
Genesis 15:8; 
Psalm 41:12 [
Psalm 41:11]); followed by 
מִן, 
הַמַּחֲבֹאִים רְאוּ וּדְעוּ מִכָּלֿ 1 Samuel 23:23 observe and get knowledge of all the hiding-places; but followed by object clause + 
מִן of source, 
קֶדֶם יָדַעְתִּי מֵעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּי Psalm 119:152 long ago I gained knowledge out of thy testimonies that etc.; followed by 
לְ, 
have knowledge of, 
יָדַעְתָּ לְאִוַּלְתִּי Psalm 69:6 [
Psalm 69:5] 
thou knowest my foolishness; especially 
יהוה וידע כי אני and he shall (
thou shalt, etc.) 
know that I am Yahweh Exodus 10:2 (R), 
Exodus 6:7; 
Exodus 14:4; 
Exodus 16:12; 
Exodus 29:46 (all P), 
Ezekiel 6:7, 
Ezekiel 6:10, 
Ezekiel 6:13 — Ezekiel; 
1 Kings 20:13, 
1 Kings 20:28; followed by accusative, which is really subject of following clause, 
Genesis 18:19 (J) 
I know him that he will, etc. 
2 Samuel 3:25 (Ges
§ 117. 1, R. 6).
 
    b. perceive Genesis 19:33, 
Genesis 19:35 (J; object clause infinitive with 
בְּ); with added idea of 
observing, taking note of, a place, accusative 
Ruth 3:4; with 
בְּ, 
יָדַעְתָּ בְּצָרוֺת נַפְשִׁי Psalm 31:8 [
Psalm 31:7] (|| 
רָאָה אֶתֿ).
 
    d. discriminate, distinguish הַאֵדַע בֵּיןטֿוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2 Samuel 19:36 [
2 Samuel 19:35], compare 
Deuteronomy 1:29 (no 
בֵּין); 
לֹא יָֽֽֽדְעוּ בֵיןיְֿמִינוֺ לִשְׂמאֹלוֺ Jonah 4:11 they cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left.
 
    2. know a person, 
be acquainted with Genesis 29:5 (J), 
Exodus 1:8 (E), 
Job 42:11, 
know י׳ Job 24:1; with 
לֹא, object especially other gods, strange land, etc. = have no knowledge of, or acquaintance with, have not heard of, especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah: — 
Deuteronomy 11:28; 
Deuteronomy 13:3 [
Deuteronomy 13:2]; 
Deuteronomy 13:7 [
Deuteronomy 13:6]; 
Deuteronomy 13:14 [
Deuteronomy 13:13]; 
Deuteronomy 28:64; 
Deuteronomy 29:25 [
Deuteronomy 29:26]; 
Deuteronomy 32:17 (poem), 
Jeremiah 7:9; 
Jeremiah 9:15 [
Jeremiah 9:16]; 
Jeremiah 14:18; 
Jeremiah 16:13; 
Jeremiah 17:4; 
Jeremiah 19:4; 
Jeremiah 22:28; 
Jeremiah 44:3; participle active 
acquaintance Job 19:13; passive participle 
acquainted with אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֺת וִידוּעַ חֹ֑לִי Isaiah 53:3 (literally 
known of sickness, see Thes Ew Che Di Du); 
well-known (with implied trustworthiness) 
Deuteronomy 1:13, 
Deuteronomy 1:15 †; of beasts 
knowing owner and master's crib 
Isaiah 1:3 (compare 
Jeremiah 8:7); especially of knowing God (
י׳ׅ) 
לֹא יָדַעְתִּי (
י אֶתיֿ׳ Exodus 5:2 (J); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. 
Judges 2:10; 
1 Samuel 2:12 (read 
יֵדַע for MT 
יָדַע Dr), 
1 Samuel 3:7; 
Hosea 2:22 [
Hosea 2:20]; 
Hosea 8:2; 
Hosea 5:4; 
Job 18:21; 
Psalm 79:6 (see also 
דַּעַת 2 b); of God's 
knowing persons etc., throughly 
Hosea 5:3; 
Job 11:11; knowing the heart 
1 Kings 8:39; 
2 Chronicles 6:30; 
Psalm 139:4; 
knowing his true servants, 
recognising and 
acknowledgingthem 
2 Samuel 7:20; 
Nahum 1:7; 
1 Chronicles 17:18 +; 
יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (JE); = 
take notice of, regardPsalm 1:6; [
Psalm 31:7]; 
Psalm 37:18; so of Israel as chosen people 
Amos 3:2; 
Hosea 13:5 (Assyrian 
idûšu, God regardeth him, Hpt
BAS i, 15) compare 
Genesis 18:19 (J).
 
    3. know a personcarnally, of sexual intercourse, followed by accusative: man subject 
Genesis 4:1, 
Genesis 4:17, 
Genesis 4:25; 
Genesis 24:16; 
Genesis 38:26 (all J), 
1 Samuel 1:19; 
Judges 19:25; 
1 Kings 1:4; woman subject 
Genesis 19:8 (J), 
Numbers 31:17, 
Numbers 31:18, 
Numbers 31:35 (all P), 
Judges 11:39; 
יֹדַעַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:11; 
לֹא יָֽֽֽדְעָה אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:12; man subject and object (of sodomy) 
Genesis 19:5 (J), 
Judges 19:22.
 
    4.
† 
Niph. Perfect נוֺדַע Genesis 41:21 + 
10 times; 
וְנוֺדַע consecutive 
1 Samuel 6:3 + 
2 times; 
3rd person feminine singular וְנוֺדְעָה Leviticus 4:14; 
Isaiah 66:14, etc.; 
Imperfect יִוָּדַע Genesis 41:31 + 
10 times; 
יִוָּדֵ֑עַ Proverbs 10:9; 
וַיִּוָּדַ֫ע Esther 2:22; 
3rd person feminine singularתִּוָּדֵ֑עַ Proverbs 14:33; 
2nd person feminine singular תִּוָּֽֽֽדְעִי Ruth 3:3; 
וָאִוָּדַע Ezekiel 20:5; 
Infinitive suffix 
הִוָּֽֽֽדְעִי Jeremiah 31:19; 
Participle נוֺדָע Psalm 76:2 [
Psalm 76:1] + 
2 times; — 
    1. be made known, beor 
become known, of things 
Genesis 41:31 (followed by 
בְּ), 
Exodus 2:14 (both E), 
Leviticus 4:14 (P), 
Judges 16:9; 
2 Samuel 17:19; 
Nahum 3:17; 
Zechariah 14:7 (followed by 
לְ), 
Psalm 77:20 [
Psalm 77:19]; 
Psalm 79:10 [
Psalm 77:9] (followed by 
בְּ); 
Psalm 88:13 [
Psalm 88:12] (followed by 
בְּ); of hand of 
י׳ Isaiah 66:14 (followed by 
אֶת); with subject clause 
Exodus 21:36; 
Exodus 33:16 (both J E), 
Deuteronomy 21:1; 
1 Samuel 6:3 (followed by 
לְ), 
1 Kings 18:36; 
Ezekiel 36:32 (followed by 
לְ) 
Ruth 3:14; 
Ecclesiastes 6:10; 
Esther 2:22 (followed by 
לְ); of person, 
Proverbs 31:23 (followed by 
בְּ) 
Isaiah 61:9 (followed by 
בְּ and 
בְּתוֺךְ); of 
י׳ Psalm 76:2 [
Psalm 76:1] (followed by 
בְּ); = 
be revealed, discovered, of person 
1 Samuel 22:6; 
Jeremiah 28:9; 
Proverbs 10:9; of things 
Nehemiah 4:9 [
Nehemiah 4:15]; 
Proverbs 12:16; 
Proverbs 14:33.
 
    4. be instructed (passive of 
Hiph.) 
Jeremiah 31:19, in spiritual sense, through chastisement.
 
Pi. Perfect 2nd person masculine singular יִדַּ֫עְתָּ, only 
ידעתה שַׁחַר מקֹמוֺ Job 38:12 Kt; read with Qr 
יִדַּעְתָּ הַשַּׁחַר cause to know, followed by 2 accusative; so 
Psalm 104:19 according to Bae, who reads 
יִדַּע, after Aq Symm. 
†Po. Perfect יוֺדַעְתִּי 1 Samuel 21:3 [
1 Samuel 21:2] 
I have caused to know, i.e. directed, followed by accusative, but read 
יוֺעַדְתִּי or 
יָעַדְתִּי, from 
יעד, so 

 We Dr. 
Pu. Participle known מידעת Isaiah 12:5 Kt (Qr 
מוּדַעַת see 
Hoph.); elsewhere as substantive = 
acquaintance מְיֻדָּעִי Psalm 55:14 [
Psalm 55:13]; 
מְיֻדָּעָיו 2 Kings 10:11; 
מְיֻדָּעַי Psalm 88:9 [
Psalm 88:8]; 
Job 19:14 (|| 
קְרוֺבָ֑י), 
Psalm 88:19 [
Psalm 88:18] (|| 
אֹהֵב and 
רֵעַ); 
מְיֻדָּעָ֑י Psalm 31:12 [
Psalm 31:11], Kt 
מידע Ruth 2:1 (Qr 
מוֺדַע which see below). 
Hiph. Perfect הוֺדִיעַ Psalm 98:2; 
הוֺדִיעַ֫נִי Jeremiah 11:18; 
הוֺדַ֫עְתָּ 1 Kings 1:27 + 
2 times; 
הוֺדָ֑עְתָּ Job 26:3, etc.; 
Imperfect יוֺדִיעַ Psalm 103:7; 
Isaiah 38:19; 
jussive יֹדַ֫ע Numbers 16:5; 
וַיֹּדַע Judges 8:16; 
יוֺדִיעֶנּוּ Isaiah 40:13, 
Isaiah 40:14; 
2nd person masculine singular תּוֺדִיעַ Habakkuk 3:2; 
תּוֺדִיעֵנִי Psalm 16:11; 
Psalm 51:8 [
Psalm 51:6]; 
1st person singular אוֺדִיעַ Psalm 89:2 [
Psalm 89:1]; 
Ezekiel 39:7; 
אוֺדִיעָה Proverbs 1:23; 
Isaiah 5:5; 
יוֺדִיעוּ Job 32:7; 
יוֺדִעֻם Ezekiel 44:23; 
נוֺדִיעָה 1 Samuel 14:12; 
Imperative הוֺדַע Proverbs 9:9 + 
3 times (
הוֺדַ֑ע Psalm 90:12); suffix 
הוֺדִיעֵנִי Job 10:2 + 
6 times, etc.; 
Infinitive construct הוֺדִיעַ 2 Samuel 7:21 + 
3 times; 
הֹדִיעַ 1 Chronicles 17:19; 
הוֺדִיעֵנִי 1 Samuel 28:15, etc.; 
Participle מוֺדִיְעֲךָ Daniel 8:19; 
מוֺדִיעָם Jeremiah 16:21; 
מוֺדִיעִים Isaiah 47:13; 
2 Chronicles 23:13; — 
make known, declare, with accusative of thing 
Numbers 16:5 (P), 
Ezekiel 39:7; 
1 Chronicles 17:19; 
Job 26:3; 
Psalm 89:2 [
Psalm 89:1]; 
Psalm 98:2; 
Psalm 106:8; object omitted 
Habakkuk 3:2; 
teach, with accusative of thing 
Job 32:7; followed by infinitive 
Psalm 90:12 and (peculiarly) 
לְהַלֵּל מ׳ 2 Chronicles 23:13 i.e. 
led in praising; with 
לְ person 
Proverbs 9:9; with accusative of person 
Isaiah 40:13; 
Judges 8:16 (but read 
וַיָּ֫דָשׁ, see 
דושׁ); 
make known, declare, with accusative of thing, + 
לְ person 
Exodus 18:20; 
Deuteronomy 4:9; 
Nehemiah 8:12; 
Nehemiah 9:14; 
Psalm 78:5; 
Psalm 103:7; 
Psalm 145:12; 
Isaiah 38:19; 
Isaiah 64:1 [
Isaiah 64:2]; with clause of thing, + 
לְ person 
1 Samuel 10:8; 
make one 
know, with clause of thing and accusative (suffix) person 
Exodus 33:12; 
Deuteronomy 8:3; 
1 Samuel 6:2; 
1 Samuel 16:3; 
1 Samuel 28:15; 
Job 10:2; 
Job 37:19; with accusative of thing + suffix person 
הוֺדִעֵנִי נָא אֶתֿ דְּרָכֶ֔ךָ וְאֵדָעֲךָ Exodus 33:13 (JE) 
make me, I pray, to know thy ways, that I may know thee; 
Jeremiah 16:21; 
Ezekiel 20:4; 
Ezekiel 22:2; 
Ezekiel 43:11; 
Isaiah 40:14 (|| 
וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת, also 
Proverbs 22:21a וַיְבִינֵהוּ), 
Proverbs 22:21; 
Job 13:23; 
Psalm 16:11; 
Psalm 25:4 (|| 
לַמְּדֵנִי), 
Psalm 25:14 (on infinitive with 
לְ see Ges
§114. 2, R. 2, Exx), 
Psalm 39:5 [
Psalm 39:4]; 
Psalm 51:8 [
Psalm 51:6]; 
Psalm 143:8 (|| 
הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי); 
חַטָּאתִי אוֺדִיעֲךָ Psalm 32:5 (|| 
עֲוֺנִי לֹאכִֿסִּיתִי); followed by 2 separate accusative 
Genesis 41:39 (E), 
1 Samuel 14:12; 
Isaiah 5:5; 
Ezekiel 20:11; 
Ezekiel 16:2; 
Proverbs 1:23; 
Daniel 8:19; accusative of person omitted 
Exodus 18:16 (E); accusative of thing omitted 
Joshua 4:22 = 
teach one (D), so 
Isaiah 40:13; 
2 Samuel 7:21; 
1 Kings 1:27; = 
answer Job 38:2; 
Job 40:7; 
Job 42:4; with suffix person, accusative of thing omitted 
Jeremiah 11:18; 
Jeremiah 16:21; 
Proverbs 22:19; followed by accusative of thing + 
בְּ Psalm 77:15 [
Psalm 77:14] 
thou hast made known thy might among the peoples, 
Isaiah 12:4; 
1 Chronicles 18:8 = 
Psalm 105:1; followed by clause + 
בְּ person 
Hosea 5:9; followed by 
בֵּין, 
teach the difference between, to discriminate between בֵּין הַטָּמֵא לְטָהוֺר Ezekiel 22:26; + suffix person 
Ezekiel 44:23 (compare 
Qal 1 d); followed by 
מִן partitive 
מוֺדִעִים לֶחֳדָשִׁים מֵאֲשֶׁר יָבוֺאוּ Isaiah 47:13 who declare, at the new moons, of (the things) which are to come. 
†
Hoph. Perfect הוֺדַע Leviticus 4:23, 
Leviticus 4:28 (see Kö
i, 427); 
Participle מוּדַעַת Qr 
Isaiah 12:5 (> Kt 
מְידַֻּעַת); — 
made known (Participle) Qr 
Isaiah 12:5 let this 
be made known in (
בְּ) all the earth (> Kt Punic Participle which is not elsewhere in this sense); followed by 
אֵלָיו if his sin be 
made known unto himself Leviticus 4:23, 
Leviticus 4:28 (P). 
Hithp. Imperfect אֶתְוַדָּ֑ע Numbers 12:6 (E); sq: 
אֶלֿ make oneself known to, of 
י׳; 
Infinitive הִתְוַדַּע אֶלֿ Genesis 45:1 (E), of Joseph.
														
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