† 
כָּשַׁל verb stumble, stagger, totter (Late Hebrew 
id.; Syriac [

] 
give offence (occasion for stumbling), 
σκανδαλιζω, (chiefly Ethpe`el Aph`el), see PS Brock Schw; Arabic 

 is 
be heavy, sluggish); — 
Qal Perfect כ׳ Nehemiah 4:4 +, (
Hosea 5:5b read 
יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We), 
כָּֽשְׁלָה Isaiah 3:8; 
Isaiah 59:14; 
כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jeremiah 46:6 +, 
כָּשַׁלְנוּ Isaiah 59:10, etc.; 
Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph., whidh see, so Qr); 
יכשׁלו Nahum 3:3 Kt (but read Perfect 
וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr); 
Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Isaiah 40:30 (with Niph. Imperfect); 
Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Isaiah 5:27 + 
2 times, 
כּשֵׁל 2 Chronicles 28:15; 
Psalm 105:37; feminine plural 
כּשְׁלוֺת Isaiah 35:3; — 
    1. stumble at, over, something, with 
ב (literally 
by means of), 
Nahum 3:3, 
גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כ׳ Jeremiah 46:13 (+ 
נָפַל), compare 
Leviticus 26:37; 
וּנְעָרִיס בָּעֵץ כ׳ Lamentations 5:13 i.e. 
stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute 
Isaiah 5:27 ׅ || 
(עָיֵף, 
כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 46:6, compare 
הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל גַּםנָֿפַל אישׁ וגו׳ Jeremiah 46:16 (strange; Gie following in part 
 
 
, 
עֶרְבְּךָ כָּשַׁל וְנָפַל thy mixed people — compare 
Jeremiah 25:20, etc. — 
hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with 
בְּ at, (see above) 
Jeremiah 6:21, so 
Isaiah 8:15 (+ 
נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < 
בָּם = 
among them, — Israel and Judah, — as 
ב in 
Isaiah 8:16, so Ew De Du EV; 
Hosea 4:5 (twice in verse); 
Hosea 5:5; 
Hosea 14:2 (
בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ, 
בְּ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of 
זָדוֺן, 
ונפל כ׳ Jeremiah 50:32; 
ונפל כ׳ Psalm 27:2; 
Isaiah 3:8; 
Isaiah 31:3 (both || 
נפל); of 
אֱמֶת Isaiah 59:14; in metaphor of anxiety, distress 
Isaiah 59:10, 
Psalm 107:12.
 
Niph. Perfect consecutive 
וְנִכְשַׁל Daniel 11:9, 
וְנִכְשְׁלוּ Daniel 11:33, 
וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ Daniel 11:14; 
Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezekiel 33:12 + 
Hosea 5:5b (

. as 
Hosea 5:5a, so We; MT 
כָּשַׁל), 
2nd person masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל Proverbs 4:12, 
בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ Proverbs 24:17 (yet see Ges
§ 51, R. 1), 
בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם Daniel 11:34; 
Participle נִכְשָׁל Zechariah 12:8; plural 
נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Samuel 2:4; — 
    b. of divine judgement (with 
בְּ at) 
Proverbs 4:19; 
Proverbs 24:16, negative 
Ezekiel 33:12; see also Hosea 14:10 (
בְ location), 
Jeremiah 20:11; 
Daniel 11:14, 
35, 
מִפָּנֶיךָ וְיאֹבְדו יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ Psalm 9:4; especially = 
be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., 
Hosea 5:5 (with 
בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare 
Hosea 14:2 Qal), 
Jeremiah 6:15 || 
נפל, compare 
Jeremiah 8:12 (|| 
id.), 
Daniel 11:19 (+ 
נפל), 
Daniel 11:33 (
בְ instrumental), 
Daniel 11:34; 
Daniel 11:41.
 
Pi. only apparent, 
תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezekiel 36:14, read 
תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also 
Hiph. near the end). 
Hiph. Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Lamentations 1:14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Malachi 2:8; 
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular suffix 
יַכְשִׁילְךָ 2 Chronicles 25:8; 
2nd person feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי Ezekiel 36:15 (but strike out 

 Co; read 
תשׁכלי, as 
Ezekiel 36:14 other Vrss Sm Da); 
3rd person masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ Proverbs 4:16 Qr (Kt see below 
Qal), 
וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Psalm 64:9, 
וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם Jeremiah 18:15 (so 

; Gie, after 

. 

, 
וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ, [< 
וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]); 
Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל 2 Chronicles 25:8, sf 
הַכְשִׁילוֺ 2 Chronicles 28:23; — 
    1..cause to stumble, figurative:
    a. = 
bring injury or 
ruin to, abs 
Proverbs 4:16; of punishment 
Psalm 64:9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).
 
    2. make feeble, weak, 
הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)
 
Hoph. only 
Participle והיו מֻכְשָׁלִים לְפָנֶיךָ Jeremiah 18:23 either 
and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or 
and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in 
Ezekiel 21:20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (MT 
מִכְשֹׁלִים, see 
H4383 מִכְשׁוֺל).
														
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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