אָכַל 806 verb eat (Arabic 
أَكَلَ, Assyrian 
akâlu Dl
W, Aramaic 
H399 אֲבַל, 
LfkAe  ) — 
Qal Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; 
אָֽכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. 
Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; 
וַיּאֹ֫כַל Genesis 25:34 +; 
וַיּאֹכַ֑ל Genesis 3:6 +; 
יאֹכֵ֑ל Leviticus 21:22 +; 
אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; 
וָֽאֹכַ֫ל Genesis 27:33; 
וְאֹכֵ֑ל Isaiah 44:19; 
וָֽאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, 
13; 
3rd person plural יאֹכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; 
יאֹכֵ֑לוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for 
יוֺכְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read 
יוצלו, 
יאצלו 
 Ew Co); suffix 
יאֹכְלֶנּוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; 
תּאֹבַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also 
תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from 
תּאֹ׳ (Ew
§ 253 Di) or textual error (Ges
§ 68. 1) > Pi., Thes Kö
I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; 
Imperative אֱכוֺל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; 
Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל Genesis 2:16 +; construct 
אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 + 
2 times; 
לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; 
לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; 
Participle אֹכֵל (
אוֺכֵל) 
Genesis 39:6 +, 
אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc. — 
    1. eat, human subject 
Genesis 3:11, 
18 + often; mostly with accusative 
Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by 
מִן־ (
eat of, — some of, — or 
from) 
Exodus 34:15; 
Ruth 2:14 +; followed by 
בְּ (
eat of or 
at) 
Exodus 12:43f; absolute 
Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship 
Genesis 31:54 (compare 
Genesis 46:1) 
Exodus 18:12; 
Exodus 24:11; 
Exodus 34:15; 
Deuteronomy 12:7, 
18; 
Deuteronomy 14:23, 
26 +; compare of priests 
Exodus 29:32; 
Leviticus 10:13 +; compare 
אָבַל אֶל־הֶהָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, 
11, 
15; 
Ezekiel 22:9 + 
Ezekiel 33:25 עַל־הַדָּם Co 
עַל־הֶהָרִים; (but RS
Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); 
eat up, finish eating 
Genesis 43:2 (with 
בלה) 
1 Kings 13:28 +; 
אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal 
Genesis 43:25; 
Exodus 2:20; 
1 Samuel 20:24; 
Jeremiah 41:1 +; so 
א׳ alone 
Genesis 43:16; 
1 Samuel 20:5 +; 
לֶחֶם א׳ = 
eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 
2 Kings 4:8 +; 
Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare 
Ecclesiastes 5:16; 
ל׳ לֹא א׳ i.e. 
fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 
1 Samuel 30:12; 
Ezra 10:6 compare 
Daniel 10:3; figurative 
אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֺ א׳ Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words 
Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, 
Proverbs 30:20 אָֽוֶן׃ לֹא־פָעַלְתִּי וְאָֽמְרָה פִּ֑יהָ וּמָֽחֲתָה אָֽכְלָה; eat (taste) good fortune, 
בַּטּוֺב א׳ Job 21:25; 
לְמִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating 
Exodus 12:4; 
Exodus 16:16, 
18 also 
Exodus 16:21; compare 
Job 20:21 & below 
אָכְלָה; 
אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; 
Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad 
Proverbs 1:31; 
Proverbs 18:21; 
Hosea 10:13 compare 
אֶת־כַּסְפֵּנוּ גַּם־אָכוֺל וַיּאֹכַל Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare 
Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, 
אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare 
Psalm 80:6 Hiph., & Assyrian 
akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt
ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim
BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices 
Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy 
Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare 
Numbers 14:9); compare 
Jeremiah 10:25; 
Jeremiah 30:16; 
Jeremiah 50:7; 
Hosea 7:7.
 
    2. of beasts, birds, etc., 
eat, devour; 
Genesis 37:20, 
33; 
Genesis 40:17, 
19; 
1 Kings 13:28; 
1 Kings 14:11; 
1 Kings 16:4; 
1 Kings 21:23, 
24; 
Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts 
Joel 1:4; 
Joel 2:25; 
2 Chronicles 7:13 compare 
Amos 4:9; moth 
Job 13:28; flies 
Psalm 78:45; worms 
Deuteronomy 28:39; also 
Ezekiel 19:3, 
6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare 
Jeremiah 50:7, 
17; 
Jeremiah 51:34; also 
Hosea 13:8 (of 
י׳ under fig, of lion), 
Ezekiel 22:25 (
נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).
 
    3. figurative of fire, 
devour, consume Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative 
consume offering to 
ashes) 
Nahum 3:13; 
Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from 
י׳ Leviticus 10:2; 
Leviticus 16:25; 
Judges 9:15f 1 Kings 18:38; 
2 Kings 1:10, 
12, 
14; 
2 Chronicles 7:1; compare 
Amos 1:4, 
7, 
10, 
12, 
14; 
Amos 2:2, 
5; 
Amos 5:6 +; 
Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of 
י׳ as fire (in judgment) 
Deuteronomy 4:24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא כִּי י׳; compare 
Deuteronomy 9:3; 
Isaiah 10:17 (|| 
בּער) 
Isaiah 30:27, 
30; 
Isaiah 33:14 (|| 
מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).
 
† 
Niph. Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive 
Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; 
וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Numbers 12:12, etc.; 
Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל Leviticus 7:18; 
Leviticus 19:7; 
Participle feminine 
נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Leviticus 11:47; — 
Pu. Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire 
Nehemiah 2:3, 
13 compare 
Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so 
Participle אֻכָּל (= 
מְאֻכָּל Ew
§ 169 d) 
Exodus 3:2; by sword 
Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. 
† 
Hiph. Perfect 2nd person masculine singular suffix 
הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, 
וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Isaiah 49:26; suffix 
וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive 
Isaiah 58:14; 
הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezekiel 16:19; 
וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive 
Jeremiah 19:9; 
Imperfect suffix 
יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Numbers 11:4, 
18, etc.; 
2nd person masculine singular jussive [?] 
תַּאֲכֵל; 
1st person singular אוֺכִיל Hosea 11:4; 
Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; 
Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co 
לההל, which see); 
Participle מַאֲבִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; — 
    2. cause to devour, object sword 
Ezekiel 21:33 [
Ezekiel 21:28] (but on text see Co).
 
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