נָפַל 433 verb fall, lie (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, 
 נְפַל
 נְפַל, Syriac 

; compare also Arabic 
 dedit praedam
 dedit praedam (Nö
ZMG xl (1886), 725 Frä
153f.), Minaean 
נפל remove Hom
Sudar. Chrest. 128); — 
Qal366 Perfect נ׳ Judges 5:27 +, 
3rd person feminine singular נָֽפְלָה Genesis 15:12 +, etc.; 
Imperfect יִפֹּל 1 Samuel 14:45 +, 
וַיִּפֹּל Judges 4:16 +; 
1st person singular אֶפֹּל 1 Chronicles 21:13 (needless change from 1st person plural 
נִפְּלָהנִמְּלָה || 
2 Samuel 24:14 We Dr); 
3rd person masculine plural יִפְּלוּ Hosea 7:16 +, 
יִפֹּ֑לוּ Isaiah 3:25 +, 
3rd person feminine plural תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ezekiel 13:11; 
Ezekiel 30:25, etc.; 
Imperative masculine plural 
נִפְלוּ Hosea 10:8; 
Jeremiah 25:27; 
Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Esther 6:13; 
construct נְפֹל Isaiah 30:25 +; 
לִנְפֹּל Jeremiah 51:49 +; suffix 
נָפְלוֺ 1 Samuel 29:3, 
נִפְלוֺ 2 Samuel 1:10, 
נִפְלָם Jeremiah 49:21 (on these forms compare Ba
NB 104); 
Participle נֹפֵל Judges 4:22 +; feminine 
נֹפֶ֫לֶת Genesis 15:12 +; plural 
נֹפְלִים Joshua 8:25 + (insert also 
1 Samuel 28:19b 
 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo 
כֹּרְעִים), etc.; — 
    1. fall, by accident, 
שָֿׁ֫מָּה וְנ׳ Exodus 21:33 (E) 
and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare 
Deuteronomy 22:4 (
בַּדֶּרֶךְ, 
on the way), bird 
עַל־פַּח Amos 3:5; subject person, 
1 Samuel 4:18 (from seat, 
מֵעַל), 
Deuteronomy 22:8 (twice in verse) (from roof, 
מִן); often into (
ב) pit (usually figurative) 
Proverbs 26:27; 
Proverbs 28:10, also (absolute), 
Proverbs 22:14, 
Ecclesiastes 10:8; 
Psalm 7:16; 
Psalm 57:7 (
בְּתוֺךְ), compare 
Psalm 35:8; 
Psalm 141:10(net), also, with 
אֶל, 
Isaiah 24:18 = 
Jeremiah 48:44; fall 
בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ezekiel 25:27; opposed to 
קוּם Jeremiah 8:4 compare 
Ecclesiastes 4:10 (twice in verse); with 
אָחוֺר fall backward Genesis 49:17 (poem); with 
בְּעַד through 2 Kings 1:2 compare (of locusts) 
Joel 2:8; † 
עַלחֶֿרֶב נ׳ causing death 
1 Samuel 31:4, 
5 = 
1 Chronicles 10:4, 
5; † 
אַ֫רְצָה עַל־פָּנָיו נ׳ 1 Samuel 17:49 (Goliath); subject thing, 
2 Kings 2:13, 
14 (
מֵעַל), 
2 Kings 6:5 (
אֶלֿ into water), 
2 Kings 6:6 (absolute); with 
עַל Leviticus 11:32, 
35, 
37, 
38, 
אֶלֿ Leviticus 11:33; absolute of tent 
Judges 7:13 + 
Judges 7:13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall 
Joshua 6:5 (JE), 
Jeremiah 51:44, figurative 
Ezekiel 13:11 (strike out 
 
 
 Sm Co Berthol), 
Ezekiel 13:12; 
Ezekiel 13:14, 
לְאֶרֶץ Ezekiel 38:20; + 
תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. 
flat Joshua 6:20; 
נ׳ of bricks 
Isaiah 9:9 (in figurative), 
פֶּרֶץ Isaiah 30:13; towers 
Isaiah 30:25, foundations 
Jeremiah 50:15; 
wall fell upon (
על) 
1 Kings 20:30, so of house 
Judges 16:30; 
Job 1:19, mountains 
Hosea 10:8; mountain also absolute 
Job 14:18 (compare 
נָבֵל), height 
Ezekiel 38:20; tree 
Ecclesiastes 11:3 (twice in verse) (
ב location), compare 
Isaiah 10:34 (
בְ instrumental, in figure), 
Zechariah 11:2 (absolute); branches 
Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative); a grain 
Amos 9:9 (
אֶרֶץ = 
to earth); of dew 
2 Samuel 17:12 (with 
על), hailstones 
Ezekiel 13:11; blood (
אַ֫רְצָה) 
1 Samuel 26:20; † hair of head (
ארצה) 
1 Samuel 14:45; 
2 Samuel 14:11; 
1 Kings 1:52; horns of altar 
Amos 3:14 (
לָאָרֶץ); peg 
Isaiah 22:25; fruit 
עַל־פֶּה Nahum 3:12; crown 
Lamentations 5:16; arm from (
מִן) shoulder 
Job 31:22; of sword (apparently) 
2 Samuel 20:8 (but on text see Commentaries); † fire from heaven, absolute 
1 Kings 18:38 with 
מִן Job 1:16†; † hand of 
י׳ Ezekiel 8:1 (with 
עַלֿ; but read 
וַתְּהִי 
 Co Berthol); spirit of 
י׳ Ezekiel 11:5 (
עַלֿ); of lot (
גּוֺרָל) 
Ezekiel 24:6; 
Jonah 1:7 (both with 
עַל), 
1 Chronicles 26:14 (with 
לְ; || 
יָצָא), + 
Esther 3:7 
 Ry Wild (
עַל); compare 
Hiph. 3; hence (of share, inheritance) 
fall, be allotted, to (
לְ) 
Judges 18:1 (
ב = 
as: בְּ 17c; so 
Numbers 34:2; 
Ezekiel 47:14), 
Psalm 16:6, absolute 
Joshua 17:5. — On 
Ezekiel 47:22b see 
Hiph. 3.; hence (of share, inheritance) 
fall, be allotted, to (
לְ) 
Judges 18:1 (
ב as: בְּ I 7 c; so 
Numbers 34:2 Ezekiel 47:14), 
Psalm 16:6, absolute 
Joshua 17:5. — On 
Ezekiel 47:22 see 
Hiph. 3.
 
    2.
    a. Especially of violent death (approximately + 
96 times), 
Judges 5:27 (
3 times in verse) (+ 
שָׁדוּד), 
1 Samuel 4:10; 
1 Samuel 14:13; 
2 Samuel 11:17; 
2 Samuel 21:9; 
1 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 18:9, etc.; + 
וַיָּמָת, etc.; 
2 Samuel 1:4; 
2 Samuel 2:23 (twice in verse); 
חָלָל נ׳ fall pierced (fatally) 
Judges 9:40; 
1 Samuel 17:52; 
1 Samuel 31:1 = 
1 Chronicles 10:1 +; 
חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:8; compare 
בְּתוֺח חֲלָלִים Ezekiel 32:20; 
תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים נ׳ Isaiah 10:4; 
פְּגָרִים נ׳ corpses fall Jeremiah 9:21; 
Numbers 14:29 (P), 
Numbers 14:32 (JE); by the sword, 
בַּחֶרֶב Amos 7:17; 
Hosea 7:16; 
Hosea 14:1; 
Isaiah 3:25; 
2 Samuel 1:12; 
Ezekiel 5:12; 
Ezekiel 6:11; 
Numbers 14:3, 
43 (JE), (+ 
בָּרָעָב, 
בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; 
לְפִי חֶרֶב נ׳ † 
Joshua 8:24 (JE), 
Judges 4:16†; 
בְּיַד by the hand of † 
2 Samuel 21:22; 
2 Samuel 24:14 (twice in verse) = 
1 Chronicles 21:13 (twice in verse), 
1 Chronicles 5:10; 
1 Chronicles 20:8†; 
תַּחַת רגליִ נ׳ fall under my feet 2 Samuel 22:39 = 
Psalm 18:39.
 
    3.
    b. fall = 
prostrate oneself before (
לִפְנֵי) man 
Genesis 50:18 (E), 
2 Samuel 19:19; 
Genesis 44:14 (J; + 
אַ֫רְצָה); before 
י׳ 2 Chronicles 20:18; 
אַ֫רְעָה אֶל־פָּנָיו נ׳ before 
י׳ or his representative 
Joshua 5:14; 
Joshua 7:6 (both J E); also (
ארצה omitted) 
Ezekiel 43:3; 
Ezekiel 44:4; before man 
2 Samuel 14:22; more often 
עַל־פָּנָיו נ׳, before man 
2 Samuel 9:6; 
1 Kings 18:7, 
39; 
Ruth 2:10, before 
י׳ Genesis 17:3, 
17 + 
6 times P, 
Ezekiel 3:23; 
Ezekiel 9:8; 
Ezekiel 11:13; 
1 Chronicles 21:16; 
Daniel 8:17; + 
אַ֫רְפָה, before man 
2 Samuel 14:4, before 
י׳ Judges 13:20; 
אַ֫רְצָה לְאַפָּיו 1 Samuel 20:41, 
עַל־פָּנֶיהָ דָוִד לְאַפֵּי 1 Samuel 25:23, 
ארצה נ׳ 2 Samuel 1:2 (all before man); 
עַלרַֿגְלָיו נ׳ fall at one's feet 1 Samuel 25:24; 
2 Kings 4:37, 
לִפְנֵי ר׳ Esther 8:3. See synonym below 
קדד.
 
    4.
    5. † Figurative, of deep sleep, with 
עַל Genesis 15:12 (J), 
1 Samuel 26:12; 
Job 4:13; 
Job 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure) 
Genesis 4:5, 
6 (J); 
לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו נ׳ 1 Samuel 17:32 (of 
sinking heart); 
בְעֵינֵיהֶם וַיִפְּלוּ) 
Nehemiah 6:16 and they were cast down in their (
own) 
eyes (compare BeRy, Ryle); † of calamity followed by 
עַלֿ Isaiah 47:11; 
Ecclesiastes 9:12; terror, etc., followed by 
עַלֿ Genesis 15:12 (J), 
Joshua 2:9 (JE), 
Exodus 15:16 (song), 
1 Samuel 11:7; 
Job 13:11; 
Psalm 55:5; 
Psalm 105:38; 
Esther 8:17; 
Esther 9:2, 
3; 
Daniel 10:7; reproach, followed by 
עַלֿ Psalm 69:10; † = 
fail to be accomplished 
Joshua 21:43; 
Joshua 23:14 (twice in verse) (all D), 
1 Kings 8:56; 
2 Kings 10:10 (+ 
אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned 
Numbers 6:12 (P); † of word (
דָּבָר) 
falling into (
ב) Israel 
Isaiah 9:7; † = 
fall out, turn out, result Ruth 3:18 (subject 
דָּבָר).
 
    † 7. = 
lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; 
ב location) 
Judges 9:12; = 
lie prostrate, 
1 Samuel 19:24; usually participle 
Joshua 7:10 (J E; 
עַל־פָּנֶיךָ), 
1 Samuel 5:3, 
4 (
לְפָנָיו), 
Amos 9:11, 
עַלהַֿמִּטָּה Esther 7:8; of the dead 
1 Samuel 31:8 = 
1 Chronicles 10:8; 
Deuteronomy 21:1; 
Ezekiel 32:27 (Co conjecture 
נְפִילִים [compare 
Genesis 6:4], see also Berthol Toy
Hpt); 
נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Judges 3:25; compare 
Judges 4:22 (omit 
ארצה); 
אַ֫רְצָה נ׳ פְּגָרִים 2 Chronicles 20:24; compare also 
Ezekiel 32:22, 
23, 
24 (strike out in 
Ezekiel 32:22 Hi Co Berthol, in 
Ezekiel 32:23 Toy
Hpt).
 
Hiph. Perfect הִפִּיל 1 Samuel 3:19 +; 
2nd person masculine singular suffix 
הִפַּלְתָּם Psalm 73:18; 
3rd person plural הִפִּילוּ Judges 2:19 +; 
1st person plural הִפַּלְנוּ Nehemiah 10:35, etc.; 
Imperfect יַפִּיל Exodus 21:27, 
וַיַּפֵּל Genesis 2:21 +, suffix 
יַפִּלֵם Psalm 140:11; 
3rd person masculine plural יַפִּילוּ 2 Kings 3:25; 
Psalm 22:19, 
יַפִּיל֑וּן Job 29:24, etc.; 
Imperative masculine singular suffix 
הַפִּלֶהָ Joshua 13:6; masculine plural 
הַפִּילוּ 1 Samuel 14:42; 
Infinitive construct לְהַפִּיל 1 Samuel 18:25 +; 
לַנְפִּל Numbers 5:22 read 
לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol
§ 78 c Sta
§ 114 a, 2 Kö
i. 309 Ges
§ 66, 2 R 1); 
Participle מַפִּיל 2 Kings 6:5 + 
2 times, plural 
מַפִּילִים Daniel 9:18; — 
    1. cause to fall, with accusative, literally:
    3. especially of 
casting lot (
גּוֺרָל), 
Isaiah 34:17 (with 
לְ for), 
Nehemiah 10:35 (with 
עַל + infinitive), 
Nehemiah 11:1 (with infinitive), 
1 Chronicles 26:14 (with 
לְ; so read Kit
Hpt compare 
 
 
 Be Öttli), 
Psalm 22:19 (with 
עַל), 
Esther 9:24 (with infinitive); absolute 
Jonah 1:7 (twice in verse); 
1 Chronicles 24:31; 
1 Chronicles 25:8; 
1 Chronicles 26:13; 
Esther 3:7; + 
בְּתוֺכֵנוּ Proverbs 1:14 (i.e. share with us); omitted 
גּוֺרָל 1 Samuel 14:32 (with 
בֵּין), 
Job 6:27 (with 
עַל); hence 
הִפּ׳ = 
assign, apportion, by lot, usually with 
לְ person, 
Joshua 13:6; 
Joshua 23:4 (both D), 
Ezekiel 45:1; 
Ezekiel 47:22a = 
Ezekiel 47:22b (read 
יַפִּילוּ  
 
 Hi-Sm Co Berthol), 
Ezekiel 48:29 (read 
בְנַחֲלָה for 
מנ׳  
 
 Hi-Sm, etc.), 
Psalm 78:55 (compare 
Qal 1 end; and 
בְּ 17c).
 
Hithp. throw, or 
prostrate oneself, 
    1. Infinitive construct הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (
על) 
Genesis 43:18 (J; i.e. attack).
 
    2. Perfect 1st person singular הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי Deuteronomy 9:25; 
Imperfect 1st person singular וָאֶתְנַפַּל Deuteronomy 9:18, 
25; 
Participle מִתְנַפֵּל Ezra 10:1; — 
prostrate oneself and 
lie prostrate, 
לִפְנֵי י׳. —
 
Pil`el. וְנִפְלַל Ezekiel 28:23, read 
וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol. 
See related Aramaic BDB entry 
H5308.
														
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