III. עַד, in poetry
עֲדֵי)†
Numbers 24:20,
24;
Psalm 104:23;
Psalm 147:6;
Job 7:4;
Job 20:5, and in
עֲדֵי עַד Isaiah 26:4;
Isaiah 65:18;
Psalm 83:18;
Psalm 92:8;
Psalm 132:12;
Psalm 132:14:compare
אֱלֵי,
עֲלֵי),
preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic
עד,

Sabean
עד,
עדי, Mordtm
ZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHM
xxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian
adi Dl
§ 81 a (Arabic

is
except); perh akin to
pass on, advance to, Kö
ii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form
‘ădăy, Ol
428, 431 Kö
ii. 309 ff.; but Lag
Sym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like
אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix
עָדַי Numbers 23:18 +,
עָדֶיךָ Micah 4:8 +, etc.,
עָֽדיֵכֵם †
Job 32:12;
2 Kings 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; —
as far as, even to (differing from
אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic

Fl
Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.):
I. preposition
1. of space; —
a. Genesis 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran,
Genesis 12:6;
Genesis 13:3,
12 + often,
Isaiah 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ,
Isaiah 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם,
Isaiah 25:12;
Isaiah 26:5;
Psalm 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים,
Psalm 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare
Jonah 2:6;
Micah 1:9;
Jeremiah 4:10,
18),
Psalm 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly
Psalm 118:27 אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו׳ bind... (and lead)
up to...;
Isaiah 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (
מִן 1c); with the goal a
person,
Exodus 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם,
1 Samuel 9:9;
Psalm 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isaiah 45:24;
Job 4:5,
שׁוּב עַד י׳ Hosea 14:2 others. (see
שׁוּב, stronger than
שׁוּב אֶליֿ׳); in poetry
Numbers 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be
even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction,
Numbers 24:24; rarely with verbs of
attending,
הֶאֱזִין עַד †
Numbers 23:18,
הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12;
Job 38:18 (usually
אֶל). Before another preposition,
1 Samuel 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳ 1 Kings 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳,
עַד מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:20,
עַד לִפְנֵי Esther 4:2, and even (si vera lectio)
עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2 Kings 9:20:compare
עַד נֶגֶד Nehemiah 3:16,
26,
עַד נֹכַח Judges 19:10 +.
b. In the combination
מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as
Genesis 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon...
as far as Gaza + often (see
מן 5a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of
class of objects, to express the idea of
both... and, as
Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young
to old (inclusively) =
both young
and old (see
מִן 5b); without
מִן,
even to =
including,
Leviticus 11:42;
Numbers 8:4 even to (i.e. including) it base and its flower, compare
1 Samuel 18:4.
2. Of time:
a.
(a) even to, until Genesis 8:5 even to the 10th month,
Exodus 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc.,
Exodus 12:15;
Exodus 12:18, etc.;
עד היום unto this day,
Genesis 19:37,
38,
עד היום הזה Genesis 26:33; Genesis 32:33, both + often;
עד יום followed by infinitive
Exodus 40:37;
Joshua 6:10;
Judges 18:30;
עד בקר till morning,
Exodus 12:10 + (
15 times),
עד הבקר Exodus 16:23 + (
11 times); so
עד (ה)ערב Exodus 18:13,
14 +, in poetry
עֲרֵי ערב Psalm 104:23;
עַד עוֺלָם Genesis 13:15 + often;
פְּעָמִים שֶׁבַע עַד 2 Kings 4:35;
עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isaiah 13:20; see also
בְּלִי, and
בִּלְתִּי,
near the end and followed by another preposition,
Leviticus 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת,
Nehemiah 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of
against,
Judges 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare
(b) end.
(b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as
Genesis 8:7;
Genesis 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר,
Genesis 33:3;
Genesis 34:5, and especially future time, as
Genesis 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning,
Genesis 19:22;
Genesis 27:45;
Deuteronomy 7:20,
23;
Deuteronomy 20:20;
Deuteronomy 22:2;
Deuteronomy 28:20,
22, — both + often; compare
עַד בּוֺשׁ Judges 3:25 +;
עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Leviticus 25:29 +
10 times;
עַד תֻּמָּם Deuteronomy 2:15 +;
עַד כַּלֵּה 2 Kings 13:17,
19;
Ezekiel 19:14;
עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1 Samuel 15:18;
Jeremiah 9:15 +;
עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judges 16:2 +; also in
עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deuteronomy 7:24 (compare
Deuteronomy 28:48;
Joshua 11:14;
1 Kings 15:29;
2 Kings 3:25;
2 Kings 10:17;
2 Kings 24:20 [||
Jeremiah 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous
הִ׳, see Dr, read probably
הַ׳); and most probably compare Kö
iii. 583) in
עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deuteronomy 3:3 (see Dr), +
5 times (see above), read probably
הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of
towards the end of, against, especially in
בֹּאָ(ם) עַד,
Genesis 43:25;
Exodus 22:25;
Numbers 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle
against their coming,
2 Kings 16:11;
Ezekiel 33:22; compare
2 Samuel 17:22. Elliptical
Judges 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait)
till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr
§ 115).
(c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4b).
(d) to suffest also
degree (compare
3),
עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place
Isaiah 5:8,
מִסְפָּר אֵין עַד Psalm 40:13;
Job 5:9;
Job 9:10; compare
Leviticus 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if
even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.
b. During (rare; prop,
as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare
ἔως: so often Aramaic
עַד,

,
while),
2 Kings 9:22 what is peace
עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,?
Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive
Judges 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying,
Exodus 33:22;
Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.
3. Of
degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as
עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see
מְאֹד),
עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Psalm 147:15;
Esther 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ,
Esther 5:3;
Esther 7:2. See also
עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express
not even as much as,
Deuteronomy 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with
אֶחָד, †
Exodus 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil.
Exodus 14:28;
Judges 4:16;
2 Samuel 17:22 (read
אֶחָד for
׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin
adeo,
1 Samuel 2:5 (si vera lectio)
עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e.
even the barren hath, etc.,
Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל,
Haggai 2:19. In comparisons,
to the degree of, even like (rare),
Nahum 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled
even like thorns,
1 Chronicles 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply
to the degree of (i.e.
like), etc. compare.
2 Samuel 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not
attain (in prowess)
unto the three.
II. conjunction
1. until; —
a. עַד אֲשֶׁר until that:
(a) with perfect, of
past time,
Exodus 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (
Deuteronomy 9:21),
Deuteronomy 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ,
Joshua 3:17;
Joshua 8:26;
Judges 4:24;
1 Kings 10:7 (
2 Chronicles 9:6),
2 Kings 17:20,
23;
2 Kings 21:16; with suggestion of
degree,
1 Samuel 30:4 (followed by
אֵין),
1 Kings 17:17; rarely of
future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr
§ 17),
2 Samuel 17:13 (of degree),
Ezekiel 34:21 So
שֶׁ־ עַד (often in Late Hebrew; see
שֶׁ) †
Judges 5:7;
Songs 3:4 (twice in verse);
עַד כִּי †
Genesis 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד,
Genesis 41:49;
2 Samuel 23:10;
2 Chronicles 26:15; and (of future time)
עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †
Genesis 28:15;
Numbers 32:17;
Isaiah 6:11.
b. עַד alone, until:
(b) with imperfect, of
future time,
1 Samuel 1:22 (elliptic: compare
Judges 16:2,
I 2a (
b)
end),
Isaiah 22:14;
Isaiah 26:20;
Isaiah 32:15;
Isaiah 62:1,
7;
Psalm 57:2;
Psalm 71:18;
Job 27:5 +; of the
past (rare),
Exodus 15:16 עד יעבור עמך,
Exodus 15:16;
Joshua 10:13 (poetry)
עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו,
Psalm 73:17. — N.B. In poetry,
עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as
Psalm 110:1 (see De)
עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ,
Hosea 10:12;
Job 14:6 (but see
3); after a negative clause,
Genesis 49:10;
Numbers 23:24;
Isaiah 42:4;
Psalm 71:18;
Psalm 112:8;
Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du
others עֹד he will
yet, etc., understanding
Job 8:20 as present, not future).
2. While (rare: compare I 2 b): —
b. with imperfect,
Psalm 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
3. Of degree,
to the point that, so that even (rare),
Isaiah 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady,
עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du
al. join
גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady
perpetually; see I.
עַד);
Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du)
to the point that he may enjoy, etc.,
Isaiah 22:14 (Du). In
Joshua 17:14 אֲשֶׁר עַד י׳ בְּֽרְכַנִי כֹּה עַד, read
עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).
† III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5705.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc.
All rights reserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs