† I. פָּתַח verb open (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sabean פתח Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 197}; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Aramaic H6606 פְּתַח, ; Nabataean, Palmyrene פתח); —
Qal Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פ׳ 2 Kings 15:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יִפְתַּח Exodus 21:33 +; 3rd person masculine plural suffix יִפְתָּחוּם Nehemiah 13:19, etc.; Imperative masculine singular פְּתַחִ 2 Kings 13:17 +; feminine singular פִּתְחִי Songs 5:2; masculine plural פִּתְחוּ Joshua 10:22 +; Infinitive absolute פָּתֹחַ Deuteronomy 15:8 +; construct לִפְתֹּחַ Ezekiel 21:27 [Ezekiel 21:22] +; Participle active פֹּתֵחַ Judges 3:25 +; passive פָּתוּחַ Jeremiah 5:16 +, etc.; — open sack, שַׂק, Genesis 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת Genesis 43:21; Genesis 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד). Judges 4:19, hamper (תֵּדָה) Exodus 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֺר) Exodus 21:33 (E; i.e. uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Joshua 10:22 (JE), grave Ezekiel 37:12, Ezekiel 37:13 (to bring forth dead), compare (in figurative) Jeremiah 5:16; Psalm 5:10 [Psalm 5:9]; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Numbers 19:15; (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposed to סָגַר) Judges 3:25 + Judges 3:25 (object omitted), Judges 19:27; 1 Samuel 3:15; 2 Kings 9:3, 2 Kings 9:10; 2 Chronicles 29:3; Job 31:32 (aboutל person); figurative of Lebanon Zechariah 11:1; דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם Psalm 78:23 (of י׳, sending rain); ד׳ = city-gates Nehemiah 13:19; Isaiah 45:1(|| שְׁעָרִים; י׳ subject, with לפְנֵי); ד׳ omitted Songs 5:2, Songs 5:5, Songs 5:6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Nahum 3:13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect Niph. which see), compare Ezekiel 25:9, שׁער of temple (- court) Ezekiel 46:12 (with ל, person), Psalm 118:19 (id.), city Isaiah 26:2, object omitted Deuteronomy 20:11; 2 Kings 15:16; window, חַלּוֺן, 2 Kings 13:17 (twice in verse),אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָׁמַיִם (by י׳ sending rain) Genesis 8:6 (J), Malachi 3:10; city Jeremiah 13:19, פְּתוּחָה עִיר Joshua 8:17 (JE); absolute וְלאֹ סגר פ׳ Isaiah 22:22 (twice in verse); — Isaiah 14:17 is dubious, Gr Perles^{Anal. 28. 42} Kit (in Di) read לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹפֿ׳ בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אִישׁ פִּתַּח לֹא אֲסִירָיו לְבֵיתוֺ; storehouse, armoury Genesis 41:56; Jeremiah 50:25 (of י׳), Jeremiah 50:26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain Deuteronomy 28:12 (with ל person; of י׳), compare open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Amos 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22 (J); open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ezekiel 21:27; Job 3:1; Daniel 10:16, hence = speak Isaiah 53:7 (twice in verse); Job 33:2; Psalm 39:10 [Psalm 39:9]; Psalm 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), Psalm 109:2 (with עַל person), Proverbs 24:7; Proverbs 31:8 (with ל person), Proverbs 31:9; Proverbs 31:26 (בְּחָכְמָה); Psalm 49:5 [Psalm 49:4] either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Psalm 38:14 [Psalm 38:13]; of י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ezekiel 3:27; Ezekiel 33:22, giving speech to ass Numbers 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ezekiel 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Numbers 16:32: Numbers 26:10, compare (פֶּה omitted) Psalm 106:17; open lips, to speak Job 11:5 (with עִם person), Job 32:20 (Gi Job 32:21); of י׳ opening man's lips Psalm 51:17 [Psalm 51:15], man's ear Isaiah 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with אֶל 1 Kings 8:29 2 Chronicles 6:20; 1 Kings 8:52; Nehemiah 1:6, with ל 2 Chronicles 6:40 (by zeugma), 2 Chronicles 7:15 (all of י׳'s favour); open hand, in giving Deuteronomy 15:8, Deuteronomy 15:11 (with ל person, + infinitive absolute), of י׳ Psalm 104:28; Psalm 145:16; book Nehemiah 8:5 (twice in verse), letter Nehemiah 6:5; open river (channel) Isaiah 41:18 (of י׳), rock, letting out water, Psalm 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ezekiel 21:33 [Ezekiel 21:28]; Psalm 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם Job 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. — תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Isaiah 45:8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du Che^Hpt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּפָּתַח.
Niph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular נִפְתַּח Isaiah 5:27, etc.; Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יִפָּתַח Ezekiel 24:27, יִפָּתֵ֑חַ Ezekiel 44:2 +, etc.; Infinitive construct הִפָּתֵחַ Isaiah 51:14; Participle נִפְתָּח Zechariah 13:1; — be opend, of girdle Isaiah 5:27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive Isaiah 51:14, and, of calamity, Jeremiah 1:14 be let loose (with עַל person); gates Nahum 2:7 [Nahum 2:6]; Nahum 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ezekiel 44:2; Ezekiel 46:1 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 7:3; impersonal of man shut in by God Job 12:14; of windows of heaven Genesis 7:11 (P), compare Isaiah 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ezekiel 1:1 (for visions); fountain Zechariah 13:1; wine (-skin, with negative) Job 32:19; mouth, in speech Job 24:27 ; Job 33:2 ; ears Isaiah 35:5.
Pi. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פִּתַּח Job 30:11 +, פִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12:18 +, etc.; Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יְפַתַּח; Isaiah 28:24, 1st person singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Isaiah 45:1, etc.; — Infinitive abs פַּתֵּחַ Isaiah 58:6 construct, id. Psalm 102:21 [Psalm 102:20]; Participle מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 Kings 20:11; — loose: Hithp. Imperative masculine plural התפתחו Isaiah 52:2 Kt < Qr feminine singular הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so ; of personified Jerusalem) loosen thee (Ges^{§ 54 f}) the fetters of thy neck.

II. [פָּתַח] verb
Pi. engrave (Late Hebrew Pi. id., פִּתּוּחַ = Biblical Hebrew, and so ; Assyrian patâḫu, bore, penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic , ring (compare Frä²⁵²)); — Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פִּתַּח 2 Chronicles 3:7, etc.; Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular וַיְפַתַּח 1 Kings 7:36; 2nd person masculine singular תְּפַתַּח Exodus 28:11; Infinitive construct לְפַתֵּחַ 2 Chronicles 2:6 [2 Chronicles 2:7]; 2 Chronicles 2:13 [2 Chronicles 2:13]; Participle מְפַתֵּחַ Zechariah 3:9; — engrave, with accusative + על, on metal 1 Kings 7:36; 2 Chronicles 3:7; Exodus 28:36 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb חוֺתָם פִּתּוּחֵי), on stone Exodus 28:9; with accusative אֶבֶן + accusative of congnate meaning with verb Exodus 28:11(all P); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb only, Zechariah 3:9 (on stone), and, in general, 2 Chronicles 2:6; 2 Chronicles 2:13.
Pu. Participle feminine plural חוֹתָם פִּתּוּתֵי מְפֻתָּחֹת Exodus 39:9 (P) stones engraved with the engravings of signet.

BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs