I. שׂוּם,
שִׂים 582 verb put, place, set (compare Nö
ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; Late Hebrew
סוּס Pi. designate, fix,
שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; Ecclus 49:6; Phoenician
שם, Assyrian
šâmu,
fix, determine; Sabean
שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm
No. 7, 1. 6 CIS
iv. 1; Arabic
(
) is
insert, sheathe, also
compute; Ethiopic
:
put, place;
שׂוּם, Syriac
Old Aramaic
שים); —
Qal Perfect 3rd person masculine singular שָׂם Genesis 21:14 + (
2 Chronicles 1:5 read
שָׁם 
Gi Be Kau Benz), suffix
שָׂמוֺ Ezekiel 17:4 +,
שָׂמָ֫הוּ Ezekiel 7:20;
3rd person feminine singular
שָׂ֫מָה 1 Samuel 19:13, suffix
שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ezekiel 19:5;
Ezekiel 24:7;
2rd person masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Jeremiah 32:20 +;
3rd person plural שָׂמוּ Genesis 40:15 +;
1st person plural שַׂמְנוּ Isaiah 28:15, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יָשׂוּם Exodus 4:11,
יָשִׂים Genesis 30:42 +,
יָשִׂם Job 23:6; jussive
יָשֵׂם 1 Samuel 22:15 +;
וַיָּשֶׂם Genesis 2:8 +; suffix
יְשִׂמֵנִי 2 Samuel 15:4,
וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1 Kings 10:9;
2nd person feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Isaiah 51:23;
וָאָשִׂים 1 Samuel 28:21 +,
וָאָשִׂימָה Ezra 8:17;
Judges 12:3 Qr (Kt
ואישׂמה);
2nd person masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ Genesis 32:17 +,
תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Exodus 22:24 +, etc.;
Imperative masculine singular שִׂים Genesis 24:2 +, etc.;
Infinitive absolute שׂוֺם Deuteronomy 17:15 +, construct
שׂוּם Deuteronomy 45:7 +,
שִׂים Job 20:4 +
2 Samuel 14:7 Qr (Kt
שׂום),
שׂימו Isaiah 10:6 Kt (Qr
שׂוּמוֺ), etc.;
Participle שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, feminine singular
הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Isaiah 51:10 (so read for MT
הַשָּׂ֫מָה); plural
שָׂמִים Malachi 2:2 +;
pass.
שִׂים Numbers 24:21 (compare Di),
Obadiah 4; feminine according to most
שׂוּמָה 2 Samuel 13:22 (van d. H.
שׂימה Kt), but see below;
שִׂימָ֫ה Psalm 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imperative masculine singular; —
put, set (often ||
נָתַן 2, which see.), with accusative of person or of thing (expressed or implied):
1.
a. put, set, in a place, +
שָׁם Genesis 2:8 (J), + accusative of location
Genesis 28:11 (E) +
5 times+, with 2 accusative + location,
2 Kings 10:8 heads (in)
heaps at (accusative of location), compare
Leviticus 24:6 (
עַל); +
ב Lev 40:15 (E), figurative of
י׳,
put his name,
בִּירוּשׁ׳ 2 Kings 21:47 2 Chronicles 33:7, compare with
שָׁם 1 Kings 9:3;
Deuteronomy 12:5 +
6 times; especially
ב of receptacle
Genesis 31:34 (E),
Exodus 2:3 (E),
Judges 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (
ב) loins
Genesis 37:34 (J),
1 Kings 20:31, crown on head
Zechariah 6:11;
Esther 1:17, shoes on feet
Ezekiel 24:17; hook, etc., in nose
1 Kings 19:28 [
2 Kings 19:28] =
Isaiah 37:29;
Job 40:26 [
Job 41:2], incense
בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ בְּאַמֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:10, i.e. cause thee (
י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (figurative)
Job 13:27;
Job 33:11; knife into throat
Proverbs 23:2 (figurative of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth
Exodus 4:15 (J),
Numbers 22:38 (E) +
8 times, +
Deuteronomy 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart
Job 22:22, insert also
1 Samuel 29:10 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God
Psalm 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house
Deuteronomy 22:8, compare
Judges 9:24 (
עַל person; so, with
נָתַן Deuteronomy 21:8;
Jeremiah 26:15;
Jonah 1:14); something into hand
Exodus 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer
Judges 4:21, booty
1 Kings 20:6, so (figurative)
take one's life (
נֶפֶשׁ)
into one's palm (i.e. risk it)
Judges 12:3;
1 Samuel 19:5;
1 Samuel 28:21;
Job 13:14; put eyes
בַּפּוּךְ 2 Kings 9:30 (see
פּוּךְ, compare
Isaiah 54:11);
נֶפֶשׁ (=
person),
בַּחַיִּים Psalm 66:9 (subject
י׳);
set men
at (the use of) implements
2 Samuel 12:31 (probably, compare Dr HPS; > (
ם)
וַיָּשַׂ sawed them with, as ||
1 Chronicles 20:3, Th We);
1 Kings 2:5 (||
נתן) is dubious;
Klo Kit read
וַיִּקֹּם;
charge something
against (
ב person; properly
put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to)
1 Samuel 22:15;
Job 4:18; so, with
ל person
Deuteronomy 22:14, compare (
ל omitted)
Deuteronomy 22:17;
put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8;
Isaiah 63:11,
בְּתוֺךְ Ezekiel 26:12.
b. put something
upon (
עַל)
Numbers 21:8),
9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person
Genesis 24:17 (J),
Genesis 41:42 (E),
Leviticus 8:8 (P),
Ruth 3:3, turban
Zechariah 3:5 (twice in verse);
Exodus 29:5 (P),
Leviticus 8:9 (P), compare (preposition omitted)
Job 24:15;
Job 36:13 (figurative), girdle
Jeremiah 13:1)
2, sackcloth
1 Kings 21:27;
אָדָם עַלהָֿאָרֶץ שׂ׳ Job 20:4 (of man's creation); of siege and siege engines,
עַל =
against,
Micah 4:14 [
Micah 5:1];
Ezekiel 23:24;
put, lay, upon (
עַל),
2 Kings 4:29 +; hand
Genesis 48:18 (J) +
3 times, +
upon mouth, in silence
Judges 18:19;
Job 21:5, and awe
Micah 7:16, so with
ל Job 29:9,
לְמוֺ Job 40:4;
Job 40:40 , upon (
עַל) head
2 Samuel 13:19 (in despair, compare
Jeremiah 2:37); accusative of disease
Exodus 15:26 (J), so (
ב person)
Exodus 15:26;
Deuteronomy 7:16; figurative, spirit (
עַל)
Numbers 11:17 (JE), name
Numbers 6:27 (P), duty
Job 37:15 (?), reproach
1 Samuel 11:2,
רָעָה תַּחַת מוֺדָה Psalm 109:5 (
Bae
וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or
וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che);
עַל לֵב שׂ׳ Songs 8:6 (simile), so, figurative, = remember, treasure up,
Isaiah 42:25;
Isaiah 47:7 (||
זָכַר), +
6 times, with
אֶל 2 Samuel 13:33;
2 Samuel 19:20 (|| id.); with
ב 1 Samuel 21:13; compare
בְּאָזְנֵי שׂ׳ Exodus 17:14 (E), impress upon.
c. put, lay, set, with
ל,
2 Kings 11:16 lay (violent)
hands on =
2 Chronicles 23:15;
put end
to Job 18:2;
Job 28:3; set
לְמָרוֺם Job 5:11;
render glory
to Joshua 7:19 (J E; ||
נָתַן),
Isaiah 42:12;
make covenant
with 2 Samuel 23:5;
set food
for Genesis 43:32 (J),
2 Samuel 12:20, preposition omitted
Genesis 43:31 (J), so, with
לִפְנֵי 1 Samuel 9:24;
1 Samuel 28:22;
2 Kings 6:22;
לִפְנֵי שׂ׳ elsewhere
Judges 18:21, of precedence
Genesis 48:20b (E) :
set laws (as authoritative)
לִפְנֵי Exodus 19:7;
Exodus 21:1 (both E),
Deuteronomy 4:44; God (as moral ruler)
לְנֶגְדָּם Psalm 54:5;
Psalm 86:14;
נֶגֶד שׂ׳ also
Genesis 31:37 (E),
נֹכַח Ezekiel 14:4),
7;
לְעֵינֵי Genesis 30:41 (J).
d. put, with
בֵּין Joshua 24:7 (E) +
5 times. (
Exodus 8:19 see
מְּדוּת), +
Genesis 30:36 (J),
Genesis 32:17 (E),
put space between; with
תַּחַת Exodus 17:12 (E), +
3 times (
Obadiah 7 strike out
לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now and others) +
יָד תַּחַת יָרִךְ שׂ׳ in oath
Genesis 24:2)
9;
Genesis 47:29 (all J);
put, with
אֶל location
1 Samuel 6:11)
15;
1 Samuel 19:13a,
Habakkuk 2:15,
אֶל person
Job 5:8 commit unto; with
אֵצֶל of thing
Leviticus 6:3 (P),
מִצַּד of thing
Deuteronomy 31:26 (P);
עִמְּךָ שׂ׳ 1 Samuel 9:23 lay up something
with thee, reserve it;
put, with
יַחַד Micah 2:12 put together = collect (||
אָסַף קִבֵּץ); without modifier
1 Kings 18:23 (twice in verse);
1 Kings 18:25;
Ezekiel 30:21 apply bandage (||
נָתַן).
2. set, direct:
b. direct לֵב (
mind)
toward, pay attention to, with
ל 1 Samuel 9:20;
Deuteronomy 32:46;
Ezekiel 40:4;
Ezekiel 44:5b; with
אֶל Exodus 9:21 (J),
1 Samuel 25:25;
2 Samuel 18:3 (twice in verse);
Job 2:3;
Job 34:14 (Bu Du strike out
לֵב and read
רוּחוֺ יָשִׁיב); with
עַל Haggai 1:5)
7;
Job 1:8; compl. omitted
Ezekiel 44:5a Haggai 2:15)
18 (twice in verse);
Isaiah 41:22;
Judges 19:30 read perhaps
לְבַבְכֶם for
לָכֶם (or
עֵצָה for
עֻצוּ), see especially GFM
Heb. Hpt.;
לֵב omitted,
Isaiah 41:20 (+
רָאָה,
יָדַע,
הִשְׂכִּיל), with
ב person
Job 23:6 (so Bu, who compares
Job 4:20;
Job 24:12;
Job 34:23, but all cases dubious);
שִׂים לֵב, with
עַל =
intend Daniel 1:8 (object clause).
c. set face (
פָּנִים toward (accusative of location)
Genesis 31:21 (E), +
לָבוֺא Jeremiah 42:15 (twice in verse);
Jeremiah 42:17;
Jeremiah 44:12, compare
2 Kings 12:18;
Daniel 11:17; with
אֶל,
toward or
against (implying opposition)
Ezekiel 6:2 +
5 times Ezekiel, with
עַל Ezekiel 29:2;
Ezekiel 35:2, with
דֶּרֶךְ of direction
Ezekiel 21:2; with
ב (figurative of oppos., subject
י׳):
לְרָעָה בָּכֶם פָּנַי שָׂםהִנְנְי Jeremiah 44:11, compare
Jeremiah 21:10;
Ezekiel 15:7 (||
נתן),
Leviticus 20:5 (P); with
ל of thing (human subject)
Daniel 11:18 Qr (< Kt
ישׁב); with
עַל person +
לִמְלֹךְ of purpose
1 Kings 2:15;
set eyes (
עֵינַים) upon, with
עַל person = behold
Genesis 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of
Jeremiah 39:12;
Jeremiah 40:4,
לְטוֺבָה Jeremiah 24:6, but
לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.
3.
a. set, ordain, with accusative of thing
Numbers 24:23 (> accusative of person Di).
b. set, establish a law, statute, +
ל person
Exodus 15:25;
Joshua 24:25 (both E), compare
Proverbs 8:29; +
ב location
Isaiah 42:4;
Psalm 78:5 (||
הֵקִים), also
Psalm 81:6;
Jeremiah 33:25 +
2 Samuel 20:19 (
שָׂמוּ for
שְׁלֻמֵי Ew We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr);
establish something as (
ל) law
Genesis 47:26 (J),
1 Samuel 30:25 (+
ל person);
establish bazaars (as a right),
ב location,
1 Kings 20:34;
appoint a set time
Exodus 9:5 (J),
Job 34:23 (reading
מוֺעֵד for
עוֺד GHBWr Bu), insert (perhaps)
1 Samuel 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS (> insert
אמר Th We Bu Kit, after
Targum); a place, +
ל person
Exodus 21:13;
2 Samuel 7:10 =
1 Chronicles 17:9,
ל of thing
1 Kings 8:21 (+
שָׁם).
d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) +
עַל person or of a people,
Exodus 1:11;
Exodus 5:14;
Exodus 18:21 (all E),
Deuteronomy 17:14)
15 (
3 times in verse);
Judges 11:11 (+
ל of office),
2 Samuel 17:25 (+
תַּחַת instead of) +
6 times +
Genesis 47:6 (J; second accusative = ruler, expressed),
2 Samuel 23:23 (
אֶל),
עַל in ||
1 Chronicles 11:25; also 2 accusative +
ל and
ב location
Psalm 105:21;
ב location
2 Samuel 15:4;
2 Chronicles 33:14,
בְּראֹשׁ at the head of,
Deuteronomy 1:13,
2 accusative alone
Songs 1:6; with accusative of person +
ל person
Genesis 27:37 (E),
Hosea 2:2;
1 Samuel 8:5 (+ infinitive); + of title
Genesis 45:8)
9;
Exodus 2:14 (+
עַל; all E) +
4 times +
Judges 8:33 (+
ל person), +
Ezekiel 44:8 (perhaps read
וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); +
ל of purpose
Habakkuk 1:12; +
ב of position,
ל person
1 Samuel 8:11; with accusative of office alone
1 Samuel 8:12 (+
ל person), so Co
Ezekiel 21:27a (
שָׂרִים for
כָּרִים, see
בַּר below
כרר),
1 Kings 20:24 (+
תחת), compare
2 Chronicles 23:18, +
עַל,
אֶל, of task
Numbers 4:19 (P);
Job 7:20 set me as (
ל)
mark for (
ל)
him.
4.
a. set, station, at a post, etc., accusative of person
Joshua 8:13 (JE), +
ב location
2 Kings 10:24;
Jeremiah 9:7 +
5 times, + adverb accusative
Genesis 33:2 (J), +
בֵּין location
Joshua 8:12, +
ל (against) and
אַחֲרֵי location
Joshua 8:2 (both J E), +
ל against
Judges 9:25 (+
עַל location), +
אֶל against
Judges 20:29)
36; doubtful are
1 Samuel 15:2 (with
ל person),
1 Kings 20:12 (twice in verse) (
עַלהָֿעִיר), where no object expressed (in MT); either an object has fallen out, or verb (in technical Military sense), here intransitive or inwardly transitive (Dl
ZK ii. 397 forward ! take direction toward; compare also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else
שׂ׳ is corrupt (compare HPS
sm)
b. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, with accusative
1 Samuel 21:7;
Ezekiel 21:27;
Numbers 4:6)
8)
11)
14 +
4 times P,
Job 38:10; +
עַל Exodus 32:27 (E),
Exodus 40:20 (P),
מִמַּעַל ל Jeremiah 43:10,
מֵעַל Esther 3:1; + (various modifiers) +
8 times;
set in place,
תֵּבֵל Job 34:13 (De and others), but context favours
שָׁמַר Bu; Du
לִבּוֺ בְּתֵבֵל שׂ׳.
c. set up altars
1 Kings 2:19;
Jeremiah 11:13, stone as memorial
Genesis 18:18 (J),
Genesis 28:22 (E),
1 Samuel 7:12 (compare
הֵקִים Genesis 31:45 +), image, etc.
Judges 18:31 (||
הֵקִים),
Deuteronomy 27:15;
1 Kings 12:29 (
ב location, ||
נָתַן),
2 Kings 21:7 (
ב location) =
2 Chronicles 33:7, compare
Psalm 74:4;
Isaiah 57:8 and, +
ב location,
Jeremiah 7:30;
Jeremiah 32:34; rods before (
לְעֵינֵי) cattle
Genesis 30:41 (||
וַיַּצֵּג Genesis 30:38), compare
Genesis 30:42, guide-posts
Jeremiah 31:21, bed
2 Kings 4:10 (+
ל person).
e. set, fix (countenance)
2 Kings 8:11, so usually, but accusative omitted, and sense dubious; read perhaps
וַיִּשֹּׁם (√
שׁמם, compare e.g.
1 Kings 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.
5.
a. make a thing, or person (accusative),
for, transform into (
ל),
Joshua 6:18 (J) make camp
לְחֵרֶם,
Micah 1:6 make Samaria לְעִיִ,
Genesis 21:13)
18; (E),
Exodus 14:21 (JE),
Micah 4:7 (both good sense),
Isaiah 28:17;
Isaiah 42:15)
16 +
12 times Isaiah (
Isaiah 25:2 read
עִיר for
מֵעִיר Vrss. Comm.),
Jeremiah 2:7 +
8 times Jeremiah, +
14 times +
Judges 1:28 they made the Canaanites into the corvée;
פְּעָמָיו לְדֶרֶךְ וְיָשֵׂם Psalm 85:14 [
Psalm 85:13]
maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae
attend to the way of (
לֵב omitted); Schr Hup-Now read
וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); with 2 accusative
Joshua 8:28 (J),
1 Samuel 11:11;
Micah 1:7;
1 Kings 5:23 [
1 Kings 5:9] (praegn. with
עַד location), +
29 times.
b. make, constitute, 2 accusative,
1 Samuel 8:1;
1 Samuel 18:13 (+
ל person)
1 Samuel 22:7 (
לְבֻלְּכֶם,
ל of accusative; or < read
וְכֻלְּכֶם),
Isaiah 3:7;
Isaiah 60:17 +
6 times, +
1 Samuel 11:11 form people in bands, compare
Job 1:17 (one accusative,
form bands), + (accusative of person omitted)
Exodus 4:11b (J), compare (beast, in figure)
Ezekiel 19:5;
2 accusative and accusative +
ל in same ver.,
Isaiah 54:12 I will make rubies thy prinnacles, and (transform)
thy gates into carbuncles; in phrase of naming,
שָׂם שְׁמוֺ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Kings 17:34, compare
Judges 8:31;
Nehemiah 9:7; with
ל,
וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֺת Daniel 1:7,
לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר וַיּ׳ Daniel 1:7;
make, fashion, with accusative of thing +
ל person
Exodus 4:11a (J;
י׳ subject); grave
Nahum 1:14 (but on text and meaning see Now Bi
SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. V); with accusative
דֶּרֶךְ Isaiah 43:19 (
ב location), compare
Ezekiel 21:24;
Ezekiel 21:25 (+
ל infinitive);
Psalm 50:23 is dubious, usually
order (one's)
way, De Dr
prepare way (which), et., Gr Che
תֹּם for
שָׂם;
make name +
ל person
2 Samuel 7:23 =
1 Chronicles 17:21;
2 Samuel 14:7; make for,
ל person (or
give to), with accusative of posterity
Genesis 45:7 (E);
1 Samuel 2:20 read probably
יַשַׁלֵּם We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr;
Ezra 10:44b is obscure, Gu-Batten strike out
וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read
וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ before
נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 BeRy Ryle.
d. appoint, give, accusative of thing
Numbers 6:26 (P),
Isaiah 61:3 (||
נָתַן; both with
ל person); a pledge
Job 17:3 (||
עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps
עֶרְבֹנִי as object);
וַשׂוֺם שֵׂכֶל Nehemiah 8:8 giving understanding (making sense clear).
†
Hiph. Perfect 1st person singular consecutive
וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezekiel 14:8, accusative of person +
ל,
I will make him for a sign (<
שׁ for
שׂ van d. H., v
שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy
וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae
וַהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ);
Imperative feminine singular הָשׂימִי Ezekiel 21:21, probably del as dittograph Co Krae after
Nö
ZMG xxxvii (1888), 530 (> Bö Toy and others
הִקְדִּימוּ);
Participle מֵשִׂים Job 4:20 =
Qal (
לֵב)
שׂום (Job 4:23b), but phrase dubious, and text perhaps corrupt, see Me Nö
l.c.
†
Hoph. Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular וַּיּוּשׂם Genesis 24:33 Qr (Kt
ויישׂם Ges
§ 73f)
there was set before him (
לְפָנָיו)
to eat, compare Ol
MBAk. 1870, 389 Kö
i. 435, who read also
וַיוּשַׂם Genesis 50:26 he was laid in (
ב) a mummy-case (for MT
וַיִּישֶׂם), Di (ed. 4.5.6) allows this.
†
שׂוּמָה (van d. H.
שׂימה Kt) perhaps
noun feminine token of unluckiness, scowl; —
2 Samuel 13:32, so Ew
G iii. 234, H.172 (abbreviated from
שׂמאל; or emendation
שִׁטְמָה) We RS
Ency. Brit. (9) DAVID Kit, compare Dr HPS.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H7761.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs
Verse-Reference
Square — [Jhn 1:1 KJV]
Abbreviate Books
Use SBL Abbrev.
