[
שָׁמַי]
noun masculineDeuteronomy 33:28 only plural
שָׁמַ֫יִם 421 (Sta
§324 a)
heavens, sky (Late Hebrew
id.; Assyrian
šamû plural
šamê, šamûtu, also
šamâmu, compare Phoenician
שמם; Sabean
סמה Hom
Chr 46, 124; Arabic
سَمَآءً Ethiopic
ለማይ፡ Aramaic
שְׁמַיָּא axYmw; Palmyrene, Nabataean
שמ(י)ן in proper name (compounded with
בעל) Lzb
153 GACooke
45; on plural form see Ba
ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.); — absolute
שׁ׳ Genesis 1:1 +,
מָ֑יִם -
Genesis 2:4 +;
הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Exodus 9:8 +; construct
שְׁמֵי Deuteronomy 10:14 +
9 times; suffix
שָׁמֶיךָ Psalm 8:4 +
2 times,
שָׁמָיו Deuteronomy 33:28,
שְׁמֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:19, with verb plural,
Hosea 2:23; —
1.
a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
Judges 5:20;
Genesis 15:5 (J),
Deuteronomy 4:19;
Genesis 1:14,
15,
17 (P), hence
כּוֺכְבֵי הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 22:17 (JE) = +
9 times (usually as countless),
(כָּלֿ) צְבָא הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 4:19;
Jeremiah 8:2 + (
צ׳1c; rarely of angels,
צ׳1b; before which fowl fly
Genesis 1:20 (P), compare
Deuteronomy 4:17;
Jeremiah 8:7;
Proverbs 30:19,
עוֺף הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 2:19 (J),
Genesis 1:19 (P) + (
עוֺף 1),
שׁ׳ צִפֹּר †
Psalm 8:9,
נִשְׁרֵי שׁ׳ †
Lamentations 4:19; as
רָקִיע (which see)
Genesis 1:8 (P),
Psalm 19:2, with waters beneath and above
Genesis 1:9 (P, compare
Genesis 1:7),
Psalm 148:4, darkened with clouds
1 Kings 18:45, cleared by wind
Job 26:13; whence comes rain
Genesis 8:2 (J),
Judges 5:4;
Deuteronomy 11:11 +, and dew
Genesis 27:28 (J),
Genesis 27:39 (E),
Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem) +. compare
בִּרְכֹת שׁ׳ †
Genesis 49:25 (poem in J),
מֶגֶר שׁ׳ †
Deuteronomy 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire
2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse);
Job 1:16 + (see also
2a below);
הֹבְרֵישׁ׳ Isaiah 47:13, i.e. astrologers, compare
אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ׳ Jeremiah 10:2; as high
Genesis 11:4 (J),
Amos 9:2 (opposed to
שְׁאוֺל),
Genesis 11:6 (opposed to
אֶרֶץ) +,
עַדלֵֿב הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 4:11;as over all the earth,
תַּחַת (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 6:17;
Genesis 7:19 (both P),
Deuteronomy 2:25;
Ecclesiastes 1:13 מִתַּחַת וגו׳ (of extermination)
Exodus 17:14 (E),
Deuteronomy 7:24;
Deuteronomy 9:14 +; specifically of Israel,
שָׁמֶיךָ Deuteronomy 28:23,
שְׁמֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:19 (H);
וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ בֵּין הַשּׁ׳ 2 Samuel 18:9 (hung from tree),
1 Chronicles 21:16 (of angel), compare
Ezekiel 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision),
Zechariah 5:9 (flying ephah);
וְעַדקְֿצֵה מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ׳ הַשּׁ׳ of limits of horizon
Deuteronomy 4:32, compare
Deuteronomy 30:4;
Nehemiah 1:9;
Psalm 19:7 as made by God
Jeremiah 51:15 (opposed to
תֵּבֵל),
Psalm 8:4 —
Deuteronomy 11:21;
Job 14:12;
Psalm 89:30; especially
וְ(הָ)אָרֶץ (הַ)שּׁ׳ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkm
No.41.42, l.3)
Deuteronomy 3:24 Genesis 1:1 (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa
2, Psalms), +
הַיָם Exodus 20:11;
Haggai 2:6, etc., +
מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Exodus 20:4=
Deuteronomy 5:8,.compare
Proverbs 30:4, etc.; opposed to
תְּהוֺם Proverbs 8:27 (+
אֶרֶץ Proverbs 8:29)
חֲרָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשָׁה שׁ׳ as part of future glory
Isaiah 65:17;
Isaiah 66:22.
b. phrases are:
אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשּׁ׳ (letting rain through) †
Genesis 7:11;
Genesis 8:2 (P),
Malachi 3:10 (figurative), compare
בַּשּׁ׳ א׳ הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י׳ 2 Kings 7:2,
19, so
דַּלְתֵי שׁ׳ †
Psalm 78:23 (for manna), compare
דְָּגַן שׁ׳,
Psalm 78:24,
לֶחֶם שׁ׳ †
Psalm 105:40;
מוֺסְדוֺת הַשּׁ׳ 2 Samuel 22:8 (||
הָאָרֶץ; in ||
Psalm 18:8 חָרִים מ׳),
עַמּוּרֵי שׁ׳ Job 26:11,
חוּג שׁ׳ Job 22:14;
towards the sky is
הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Joshua 8:20(J),
Exodus 9:8,
10 (P),
Job 2:12;
Judges 13:20;
Judges 20:40;
2 Chronicles 6:13;
עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם Exodus 9:22,
23;
Exodus 10:21,
22(all E),
אֶלשֿׁ׳ Deuteronomy 32:40 (poem),
Daniel 12:7,
שׁ׳ alone
1 Kings 8:22,
54;
Job 35:5;
Proverbs 23:5.
2.
a. as abode of God (
י׳)
1 Kings 8:30,
32 —
Psalm 2:3;
Isaiah 66:1, etc., compare
רֹכֵבשׁ׳ Deuteronomy 33:26(poem),
Psalm 68:34, whence he rains brimstone
Genesis 19:24 (J), bread
Exodus 16:4 (E), compare
Nehemiah 9:15, casts hailstones
Joshua 11:11 (E), talks with Israel
Exodus 20:22 (E; Gi
Exodus 20:19) +, compare
Genesis 21:17;
Genesis 22:11,
15 (E), looks down
Deuteronomy 26:15 +, hears his people
Psalm 20:7+
10 times Chronicles, etc.; he thunders
בַּשּׁ׳ 1 Samuel 2:10;
Psalm 18:14,||
מִןשֿׁ׳ 2 Samuel 22:14; he bends (
נטה)
שׁ׳ to come down
2 Samuel 22:10=
Psalm 18:10, compare
Psalm 144:5 and (
rend)
Isaiah 63:19;
נִמְּתְּחוּ הַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 1:1 in vision of God, compare
שַׁעַר הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 28:17 (E; +
בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even
שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ׳ the highest heuvens cannot hold him
Deuteronomy 10:14;
1 Kings 8:27;
2 Chronicles 6:18,
2 Chronicles 2:5;
Nehemiah 9:6;
Psalm 148:4,
שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם Psalm 68:34; he is called
אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ׳ (post-exilic title)
Ezra 1:2 2 Chronicles 36:23; +
11 times Ezra Nehemiah;
Jonah 1:9 (compare Aramaic,
Daniel 2:18,
19,
37,
44; in
Genesis 24:7 add with
וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as
Genesis 24:3),
אֵלהַֿשׁ׳ Psalm 136:26; his sword is
בַּשׁ׳ Isaiah 34:5, but also his
חֶסֶד Psalm 36:6,
צֶדֶק Psalm 85:12,
אֱמוּנָח Psalm 89:3, his word fixed
Psalm 119:89. —
שׁ׳ are †
שָׁמָיו (of Israel)
Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem), †
שְׁמֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:19; †
שָׁמֶיךָ Psalm 8:4;
Psalm 144:5,
שְׁמֵי י׳ Lamentations 3:66, †
קָדְשׁוֺ שׁ׳ Psalm 20:7.
†4. מְלֶכֶת הַשּׁ׳ see מ׳.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H8065.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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