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The Blue Letter Bible
Aa

The Bible Says
出埃及记 20:16 含义

第九条诫命明确规定,人不可作虚假的证言陷害人。看来,这条证言是具有法律意义的。

鉴于摩西律法中的其他立法,这条诫命尤为重要。申命记17:6(另见申命记19:15)规定,一个人可以凭两三个证人的证言被定罪(并处决)。但是,如果证人“作假见证”,被告可能会被不公正地处死。这实际上违反了不可杀人的诫命,即不公正地杀人。既然这已经是推论,为什么这条诫命是必要的呢?

这条诫命很可能是必要的,因为这条诫命确立了在上帝统治下,法治的裁决方式。“行政部门”被委托给人民,司法部门也是如此,通过多名证人的证词进行裁决。存在着一套法律程序,公民将由同胞审判和裁决。在暴政下,暴君总是会直接或间接地控制司法程序。在上帝的自治经济中,公民们互相审判。

正义对于自治至关重要,而为了实现正义,证人的证词必须真实。上帝的自治社会有三大支柱:

  1. 法治。
    1. 法治的权威是由前五条诫命确立的。上帝,也只有上帝才有权威来制定治理以色列的最高法律。
  2. 私有财产。
    1. 每个人和每个家庭的个人主权都在最后五条诫命中确立。
    2. 每个人都应在法律面前享有平等的待遇。
  3. 被统治者的同意
    1. 第九条诫命规定了每个公民都应承担的相互责任,即尊重和尊敬所有其他公民,并讲述他们的行为真相。
    2. 禁止利用法律谋取私利。法律应造福每个人,造福社会。
    3. 第九条诫命明确指出,每个人的正义取决于邻居的善意和相互同意。

新约圣经中多处提到了“多名证人”的概念。耶稣在教导如何面对犯错的弟兄时,就运用了这一原则(马太福音18:15-16)。正是“假见证人”向祭司们作证控告耶稣,导致祂被钉在十字架上(马太福音26:59及后)。当长老被指控某事时,保罗也运用了同样的“多名证人”原则(提摩太前书5:19)。

 

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