I. עֵ֫בֶר 91 noun masculine1 Samuel 14:40 region across or
beyond, side (on formation compare Ba
NB 144; compare especially Assyrian
êbru, êbirtu, id.,
êbirtan, adverb
beyond); —
י׳ absolute
1 Samuel 14:4 +; construct
Joshua 24:4 +; suffix
עֶבְרוֺ Isaiah 47:15; plural construct
עֶבְרֵי Isaiah 7:20;
Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera lectio, see below); suffix
עֲבָרָיו 1 Kings 5:4;
Jeremiah 49:32 (read probably
עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss),
עֶבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15; —
1. region across or
beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly with preposition:
בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֺן Numbers 21:13 (JE)
Judges 11:18, compare
Jeremiah 25:22;
הַיָּם אֶלעֿ׳ Deuteronomy 30:13b,
מַעֵבֶר לַיָּם Deuteronomy 30:13a beyond the sea;
לְנַהֲרֵיכֿוּשׁ מֵע׳ Isaiah 18:1, compare
עַדמֵֿע׳ 1 Kings 4:12 (
מִן on the side of, on, see
מִן 1c; so usually with
ע׳); but also (rarely)
מֵע׳ from the other side of Zephaniah 3:10;
Job 1:19;
2 Chronicles 20:2; absolute
הַע׳ 1 Samuel 26:13 to the other side (that is, of a ravine; after
וַיַּעֲבֹר);
בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק 1 Samuel 31:7, read perhaps
בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klo Bu HPS;
בְּעֶבְרֵי פִיפָֿ֑חַת Jeremiah 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dubious; Gie proposes
בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, +
37 times)
הַיַּרְדֵּן ע׳ (
30 times), or (less often,
Joshua 13:32 +
13 times),
לַיַּרְדֵּן,
לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֺ (only with
מֵע׳), of either east Jordan (
36 times) or west Jordan land (
9 times) according to standpoint of speaker or writer:
A. east Jordan (from standpoint of writer)
Genesis 50:10,
11 (J)
Joshua 17:5 (JE)
Deuteronomy 1:1,
5;
Deuteronomy 4:41,
46,
47,
49;
Joshua 1:14;
Joshua 12:1;
Joshua 13:8 (D),
Numbers 22:1;
Numbers 32:19;
Numbers 34:15;
Joshua 13:27,
32;
Joshua 14:3;
Joshua 20:8 (P),
Judges 7:25;
Judges 10:8;
1 Samuel 31:7; Isaiah 8:23;
1 Chronicles 6:63;
1 Chronicles 12:37; from standpoint of speaker,
Joshua 7:7 (JE),
Joshua 24:8 (E),
Joshua 1:15;
Joshua 2:10;
Joshua 9:10;
Joshua 18:7;
Joshua 22:4 (D),
Judges 5:17; in
Numbers 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is
land opposed to to Can., compare
Numbers 32:32; in
Deuteronomy 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topographical note is added, e.g.
מִזְרָ֫חָה Deuteronomy 4:49 +,
מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 1:15 +, etc.);
אֶלעֵֿבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Joshua 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel apparently also refers to east side (see Steuern on text).
B. West Jordan (
9 times), from standpoint of speaker
Deuteronomy 3:20,
25 (Moses), also
Deuteronomy 11:30 (but here +
מְכוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all following some special designation of
West), +
יָ֫מָּה Joshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed),
Joshua 12:7 (
opposite East
Joshua 12:1-6),
Joshua 22:7 (
id.; Kt
מעבר, Qr
בְּעֵבֶר), compare
Joshua 9:1 (as
Joshua 5:1); +
וָהָ֑לְאָה Numbers 32:19a (
opposite East
Numbers 32:19b); in
1 Chronicles 26:30 מַעֲרָ֑בָה לַיַּר׳ מֵע׳ ע׳ seems =
side (see below). Also
הַנָּהָר בְּע׳ beyond the river (Euphrates)
Joshua 24:2,
14,
15 (E; Kt Qr
מֵע׳),
מֵע׳ 2 Samuel 10:16 =
1 Chronicles 19:16 beyond, and
1 Kings 14:5 to the other side of (see
מִן 1c);
מֵע׳ from beyond the river only
Joshua 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphrase
eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphrase; so plural
בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Isaiah 7:20; possibly also
ע׳ alone (si vera lectio) in the difficult passage
Numbers 24:24;
הַנָּהָר ע׳ =
region beyond the river (Euphrase) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia)
Nehemiah 2:7,
9;
Nehemiah 3:7;
Ezra 8:36; also
1 Kings 5:4 (twice in verse) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic
עֲבַר, and Dr
Intr (6) 504).
**Compare late Assyrian
ebir nari Schr
KB iv. 304, l. 7 from below; KAT 3. 188, 437.
2. (Opposite)
side, side: הַלָּז מֵע׳ 1 Samuel 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning;
מִזֶּה מֵהָע׳ twice,
1 Samuel 14:4 =
on one side, on the other side, so
אֶחָד לְע׳ twice
1 Samuel 14:40; even
מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15 (E)
on their two sides (i.e. of tablets);
הָאֵפוֺד בָּ֑יְתָה אֶלעֿ׳ Exodus 28:26 (P)
toward the inner side of theephod; in
1 Kings 7:20,
30 ע׳ apparently =
at the side of or
opposite, but the architectural details are obscure;
מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב 1 Kings 5:4 on all sides of him, round about,
מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jeremiah 49:32 (read
עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie)
from all sides of them (all directions, =
מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ Jeremiah 49:5);
יֵלֵ֑כוּ פָּנָיו אֶלעֵֿבֶר to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward)
they (always)
went Ezekiel 1:9,
12;
Ezekiel 10:22, compare
פָּנֶיהָ עַל־ע׳ Exodus 25:37 to give light
upon the space in front of it;
אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֺ תָּעוּ Isaiah 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee). — On
1 Chronicles 26:30 see above.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5675.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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