, etc. (Kö
). 
    d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting 
upon him: 
Psalm 42:6 [
Psalm 42:5] why art thou cast down, O my soul, 
וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted 
upon me? 
Psalm 42:7 [
Psalm 42:6] my soul 
upon me is cast down, 
Psalm 42:12 [
Psalm 42:11; 
Psalm 43:5; 
Lamentations 3:20; 
Psalm 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul 
upon me; 
Psalm 142:4 [
Psalm 142:3] 
רוּחִי עָלַי בְּהִתְעַטֵּף when my spirit faints 
upon me, 
Psalm 143:4; 
Jonah 2:8 [
Jonah 2:7]; 
Jeremiah 8:18 ׃ דַוָּֽי לִבִּי עָלַי my heart 
upon me is sick, 
Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), 
Hosea 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) 
upon me, 
1 Samuel 17:32; 
1 Samuel 25:36; 
Nehemiah 5:7 עָלַי לִבִּי וַיִּמָּלֵךְ and my heart took counsel 
upon me: compare 
Psalm 42:5 [
Psalm 42:4] I will pour out my soul 
upon me, 
Job 30:16; 
Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint 
upon me. (Thes 
apud me, mecum. The rendering '
within me alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, 
Job 30:2 כָּ֑לַח אבד עלימו, 
Daniel 2:1 his sleep 
נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with 
upon him (compare Aramaic 
Daniel 6:19 [
H5922Daniel 6:18] 
נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), 
Daniel 10:8 עָלַי נֶהְפַּךְ וְהוֹדִי (compare 
H5922Daniel 5:9; 
H5922Daniel 7:28): also, rather differently, 
Leviticus 18:18b Jeremiah 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, 
Micah 7:13; 
Psalm 90:17b; 
Psalm 7:9 [
Psalm 7:8] according to my perfectness 
upon me, 
Ezekiel 18:20; 
Ezekiel 22:3; 
2 Chronicles 36:8.
 
    (b) The basis being conceived as involving the 
ground, 
על denotes the cause or reason, 
on account of, because of, 
Genesis 20:3 lo thou shalt die 
עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, 
Genesis 21:12; 
Genesis 26:7, 
Genesis 26:9; 
Genesis 27:41; 
Genesis 42:21; 
Leviticus 4:3, 
Leviticus 4:28; 
Leviticus 5:18; 
Leviticus 19:17; 
Leviticus 26:18, 
Leviticus 26:24, 
Leviticus 26:28; 
Deuteronomy 9:18; 
Deuteronomy 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death 
עלבֿנים on account of children, 
Deuteronomy 31:18; 
Joshua 9:20; 
H5291Jeremiah 1:16; 
Jeremiah 5:9; 
Ezekiel 18:26 עליהם (|| 
Ezekiel 33:18 בָּהֶם), 
Proverbs 28:21; 
Psalm 39:12 [
Psalm 39:11]; 
Psalm 50:8 + often; 
Psalm 44:23 [
Psalm 44:22] 
עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, 
Psalm 69:8 [
Psalm 69:7]; 
Jeremiah 15:15; in the phrases 
עַל... 
דְּבַר, 
עַל אוֺדוֺת, 
עַל זֹאת and 
עַל זֶה on this 
account, 
עַל מָה on what 
account ? עַלכֵּֿן = 
therefore (see 
דָּבָר, 
אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as 
Exodus 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ׳ and 
on, account of their trying 
י׳, 
Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, 
Amos 1:6; 
Amos 1:9; 
Amos 1:11; 
Amos 1:13, etc., 
Jeremiah 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, 
Jeremiah 9:12 [
Jeremiah 9:13; 
Jeremiah 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without 
אֲשֶׁר or 
כִּי (see below 
III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. 
Exodus 18:9; 
Exodus 32:14 (
נִחַם repent: so often), 
1 Samuel 4:13; 
1 Samuel 30:6; 
2 Samuel 1:26; 
2 Samuel 3:8; 
1 Kings 21:4; 
2 Kings 6:11; 
Jeremiah 10:19; 
Amos 6:6. 
    
    
    
        (e) Of a 
condition, or 
attendant circumstances (rare; so 

, W
AG ii § 59 e): 
Psalm 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, 
Psalm 92:4 [
Psalm 92:3 וגו׳ עָשׂוֹר עֲלֵי with a ten-stringed instrument, 
with a harp, 
with sounding music on a lyre; 
עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit 
Exodus 23:2; 
Ezekiel 44:24, 
עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1 Samuel 25:8 (compare 
 
  at a time of
 at a time of... 
Qoran [Koran] 28:14), 
Nehemiah 12:22 (? read 
עַד BeRy), 
Isaiah 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, 
Isaiah 64:11 [
Isaiah 64:12] 
עַל אֵלֶּה, 
Jeremiah 8:18; 
עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, 
Jeremiah 16:7 (but Gie 
עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphr. for adverbs, 
Leviticus 5:22 [
Leviticus 6:3] and swear 
עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, 
Jeremiah 6:14 = 
Jeremiah 8:11 to heal a wound 
עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, 
Psalm 31:24 [
Psalm 31:23] 
עַל יֶתֶר = 
abundantly, 
Isaiah 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = 
acceptably (compare 
 
 
= 
with delight).
    
 
    
        (f) It hence acquires the force of 
in spite of, notwithstanding (so 

, W
AG ii. § 59 h), 
Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, 
Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RV
m). compare below, 
III c b.
    
 
    
        (g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as 
דִּבֶּר Judges 9:3; 
1 Kings 5:13 [
1 Kings 4:33], 
אָמַר, 
Jeremiah 16:3; 
Jeremiah 27:19 (|| 
אל) 
Jeremiah 33:4, hearing 
Genesis 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard 
concerning thee, saying, etc., 
1 Kings 10:6; 
Isaiah 37:9 (|| 
2 Kings 19:9 אל), disputing 
Genesis 26:11, telling 
1 Samuel 27:11; 
Joel 1:3, commanding 
2 Samuel 14:8; 
1 Kings 11:10, being vexed 
1 Kings 21:4; 
2 Kings 6:11, crying 
2 Kings 8:5, confessing 
Psalm 32:5; 
Nehemiah 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision 
1 Kings 22:8; 
Isaiah 1:1; 
Isaiah 2:1; and often with similar verbs.
    
 
    
    
    
        3. It denotes 
elevation or 
pre-eminence, as 
עליון על high (figurative) 
above, 
Deuteronomy 26:19 al., 
Deuteronomy 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up 
above thee, compare 
Proverbs 31:29; 
Psalm 57:6 [
Psalm 57:5; 
Psalm 57:12 [
Psalm 57:11 be thou exalted 
above the heavens, 
Psalm 89:8 [
Psalm 89:7]; 
Psalm 95:3; 
Psalm 96:4, etc., 
Nehemiah 9:5; with words (which see) such as 
גבר, 
גדל, 
חזק, 
נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), 
עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as 
מלך, 
הפקיד; so with 
שָׁת, 
היה, 
נתן, 
Genesis 41:33, 
Genesis 41:40, 
Genesis 41:43 שׂם; 
1 Samuel 18:5; with 
פָּקִיד, 
שַׂר, 
מֶלֶךְ, etc., 
Genesis 41:34; 
Exodus 1:11; 
Exodus 18:21, etc.; absolute 
2 Samuel 8:16 Joab was 
עלהֿצבא over the host, 
2 Samuel 20:23b, 
2 Samuel 20:24 1 Kings 4:4; 
1 Kings 4:5; 
1 Kings 4:6; 
1 Kings 5:30 [
1 Kings 5:16]; 
Numbers 10:14ff.; 
1 Chronicles 9:23, 
1 Chronicles 9:26 ff.; 
1 Chronicles 27:25 ff.; 
2 Chronicles 30:17; 
2 Chronicles 31:12; 
אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward 
Genesis 43:16, 
Genesis 43:19; 
Genesis 44:1, 
Genesis 44:4; and in the official titles 
אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace 
Isaiah 22:15 and elsewhere (see 
כַּיִת 6); 
אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 
1 Kings 12:18; 
אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 
2 Kings 10:5, 
אשׁר על המלתחה 2 Kings 10:22.
    
 
    
        4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
    
    
        a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with 
יָסַף to add 
upon or 
to, 
Psalm 61:7 [
Psalm 61:6] + often (see 
יָסַף), 
שָׁת to put 
to Genesis 30:40, 
נִלְוָה to be joined 
to Numbers 18:24; 
Isaiah 14:1 (also with 
אֶל), 
נָפַל to fall 
to, i.e. desert to, 
Jeremiah 21:9 +, 
עבר to pass 
over to Exodus 30:13, 
Exodus 30:14; 
Isaiah 45:14 (compare 
Isaiah 60:5); also 
Habakkuk 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lamentations 4:21; 
Esther 4:7; 
נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned 
to Leviticus 25:31; 
2 Samuel 4:2, 
היה על Numbers 36:12; 
Psalm 69:28 [
Psalm 69:27] 
תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, 
Isaiah 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) 
unto him.
    
 
    
        b. Used absolutely, as 
Genesis 28:9 he took Mahalath 
עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, 
Genesis 31:50 (compare 
אל Leviticus 18:18), 
Numbers 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| 
Joshua 13:22 אֶל), 
Deuteronomy 23:14 [
Deuteronomy 23:13]; 
Ezekiel 16:37, 
Ezekiel 16:43; 
Ezekiel 25:10; 
Isaiah 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days 
upon, in addition to, a year, 
2 Chronicles 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, 
Ezekiel 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| 
אל), 
Jeremiah 4:20 (if 
נִקְרָא = 
be proclaimed), 
Job 16:14 עַל־פְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ פֶרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי (compare Lag
M iii. 112; also Iliad 14:130 
ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare 
c), 
Leviticus 7:12 he shall offer 
הַתּוֹדָה עַל־זֶבַח in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., 
Leviticus 7:13b Numbers 6:20; 
Numbers 15:9; 
Numbers 28:10, 
Numbers 28:15, 
Numbers 28:24 (compare 
מִלְּבַר Numbers 28:31; 
Numbers 29:6), 
Numbers 35:6; 
Ezekiel 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare 
Ezekiel 44:7 אל).
    
 
    
        c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes 
together with, with, 
Exodus 35:22 men 
together with (
עַל) women, 
Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear 
with her children, wilt thou lead them? 
1 Kings 15:20; 
Jeremiah 3:18 the house of Israel 
with the house of Judah, 
Micah 5:2 [
Micah 5:3 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 
7c a), 
Genesis 32:12 [
Genesis 32:11] lest he come and smite me, 
אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother 
with the children (compare 
Hosea 10:14; 
Deuteronomy 22:6); and as a technical term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with 
אכל, 
Exodus 12:8, 
יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, 
Exodus 12:9 his head 
with (
על) his legs, etc., 
Numbers 9:11; 
Deuteronomy 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare 
Exodus 23:18; 
Exodus 34:25), 
Exodus 34:3; in the phrase 
אכל על הדם to eat 
with the blood 
1 Samuel 14:32, 
1 Samuel 14:33 (
1 Samuel 14:34 אל), 
Leviticus 19:26; 
Ezekiel 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. 
ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also 
Leviticus 2:2, 
Leviticus 2:16; 
Leviticus 3:4 (so 
Leviticus 3:10; 
Leviticus 3:15; 
Leviticus 4:9; 
Leviticus 7:4), 
Leviticus 4:11; 
Leviticus 7:13a, 
Leviticus 7:30; 
Leviticus 10:15; 
Leviticus 14:31; 
Leviticus 23:18; 
Leviticus 23:20; 
Numbers 6:17; 
Numbers 19:5; 
1 Chronicles 7:4.
    
 
    
        5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, 
over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: 
Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly 
over the earth, 
Genesis 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth 
upon the earth (compare 
זרח על Exodus 22:2 [
Exodus 22:3] +; 
בא על go down [set] 
upon Deuteronomy 24:15; 
Micah 3:6; 
Job 25:3), 
Numbers 10:34; 
Numbers 14:14 and thy cloud stood 
עליהם over them, 
Deuteronomy 28:23 the heavens 
עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, 
Isaiah 4:5; 
Isaiah 60:1, 
Isaiah 60:2; 
Zephaniah 2:11; 
Zechariah 9:14; 
Psalm 7:8 [
Psalm 7:7 over it return thou on high, 
Job 29:3 רֹאשִׁי עֲלֵי נֵרוֹ בְּהִלּוֹ (compare 
על דעך be extinguished 
over, 
Job 18:6), 
Songs 2:4 his banner 
over me: figurative of protection 
Deuteronomy 32:38; 
Psalm 68:35 [
Psalm 68:34]: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), 
נשׁקף על to incline 
over 1 Samuel 13:18 +, 
ידו על נטה) 
Exodus 14:16; 
Isaiah 23:11 + (compare 
Psalm 21:12 [
Psalm 21:11]), 
הניף על to swing 
over Isaiah 11:15; 
Isaiah 19:16; 
השׁמיע על to proclaim 
over Jeremiah 4:16; 
Amos 3:9, compare 
Numbers 10:10; 
2 Chronicles 13:12, 
שׁם על נקרא a name to be called 
over 2 Samuel 12:28 + (see 
קרא).
    
 
    
        6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
    
    
        a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, 
Genesis 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, 
Genesis 16:7  עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, 
Genesis 24:13, 
Genesis 24:30; 
Genesis 29:2 three flocks lying 
עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), 
Genesis 41:1; 
Numbers 3:26; 
Numbers 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, 
Numbers 22:5; 
Numbers 24:6 gardens 
עֲלֵי נָהָר Deuteronomy 3:12; 
Deuteronomy 33:8; 
Judges 5:19; 
1 Samuel 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (
Ezekiel 46:2), 
1 Samuel 4:1; 
2 Kings 2:7 and they stood 
עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 
2 Kings 25:4; 
Isaiah 19:7; 
Isaiah 38:20; 
Psalm 1:3 planted 
by water-courses, 
Jeremiah 17:2, 
Jeremiah 17:8; 
Job 30:4; 
Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, 
Proverbs 14:19, + often; 
על הדרך by the way 
Genesis 38:21; 
1 Samuel 24:4 [
1 Samuel 24:3]; 
Ezekiel 48:24ff. 
על גבולו adjoining his border; 
עבר על to pass 
by a place 
1 Kings 9:18; 
Jeremiah 18:16 +, figurative 
עבר על פשׁע to pass 
by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, 
Micah 7:18 and elsewhere: 
על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of... 
Psalm 110:5 +, 
עַליַד ֗֗֗, 
עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗, 
עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of... (see these words): less frequently (except as 
c) with reference to persons>, 
Numbers 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping 
next him, 
Numbers 2:12; 
Numbers 2:20; 
Numbers 2:27; 
Numbers 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 
2 Kings 11:11 by the king round about (compare 
Numbers 3:26 above), 
עבר על פ׳ H5921 Genesis 18:5; 
2 Kings 4:9 +.
    
 
    
    
        c. Idiomatically, with 
עָמַד and 
נִצַּב to stand 
by (literally 
over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), 
Genesis 18:2 three men 
נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing 
by him, 
Genesis 18:8 and he 
עֹמֵד עליו standing 
by him under the tree, 
Genesis 24:30 by the camels, 
Genesis 28:13; 
1 Samuel 4:20; 
2 Samuel 1:9; 
2 Samuel 12:17; 
2 Samuel 20:11, 
2 Samuel 20:12; 
Amos 7:7; especially of persons standing 
about a superior, as servants or courtiers, 
Genesis 45:1; 
Judges 3:19; 
1 Samuel 22:6, 
1 Samuel 22:7, 
1 Samuel 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge 
Exodus 18:13, 
Exodus 18:14, of 
י׳'s heavenly ministers, 
1 Kings 22:19 (compare 
Isaiah 6:2 ממעל לו), Zechariah 4:16, and with 
התיצב Zechariah 6:5; 
Job 1:6; 
Job 2:1; also of one standing 
by (properly leaning 
over) an altar or sacrifice 
Numbers 23:3, 
Numbers 23:6; 
1 Kings 13:1 (compare 
7b) 
Amos 9:1; of an Ashérah 
by an altar 
Judges 6:25, 
Judges 6:28 (compare 
אֵצֶל Deuteronomy 16:21).
    
 
    
        7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
    
    
        a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
    
    
        (a) המטיר על to rain 
upon Genesis 2:5; 
Genesis 19:24, 
ירד על Genesis 15:11, 
יצק על to pour 
upon Genesis 28:18, 
נפל על צוארי פ׳ Genesis 33:4, 
נפל על פניו to fall 
on his (own) face 
Genesis 17:3, 
Genesis 17:17, 
שׂם על to put 
upon, 
Genesis 21:14; 
Genesis 22:6, 
Genesis 22:99; 
Genesis 24:47 (
Genesis 24:22 Sam Di), 
נתן על כף to place 
on the hand of... 
Genesis 40:11, 
Genesis 40:21, 
השׁליך על 2 Samuel 20:12, etc.; compare 
Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, 
Micah 3:5; 
Nahum 3:12.
    
 
    
        (b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling 
upon one, 
Genesis 2:21; 
Genesis 15:12; of fear 
Genesis 9:2; 
1 Samuel 11:7 (see 
פַּחַר, 
חֲרָדָה, 
אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming 
upon one, as with 
בוא and 
הביא, 
Genesis 27:12; 
Deuteronomy 28:2 (in good sense), 
Deuteronomy 28:15, 
Jeremiah 5:12; 
Jeremiah 19:3 (
רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (
הביא, 
נתן, 
ירד, 
חול, 
היה, etc.), as 
Genesis 20:9; 
Numbers 12:11 חטאה; 
Genesis 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; 
Numbers 18:5 + (
היה קֶצֶף על); 
Deuteronomy 19:10 דם (compare 
אל 2 Samuel 21:2 
 We Dr), 
Judges 9:24; 
1 Kings 2:32; 
2 Samuel 16:8; 
Hosea 12:15 [
Hosea 12:14]; 
2 Samuel 3:29; 
2 Samuel 15:14; 
1 Samuel 11:2 חרפה; 
Jeremiah 14:16; 
Jeremiah 26:15 דם נקי (|| 
אל), 
Jonah 1:14; 
Ezekiel 7:3, 
Ezekiel 7:4, 
Ezekiel 7:8; 
Ezekiel 23:40; 
Ezekiel 36:29; 
Psalm 7:17 [
Psalm 7:16]; 
Psalm 94:2; 
Psalm 94:23; 
Psalm 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (
lay upon me: but Hu 
וישיבו, 
Proverbs 17:13), 
Psalm 140:11; 
שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezekiel 7:8 + often; without a verb, 
Genesis 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be 
upon thee, 
Jeremiah 51:35 (|| 
אל); 
Genesis 27:13 עלי קללתך; 
Genesis 38:29 (accents, RVm); 
2 Samuel 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 
2 Samuel 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; 
Isaiah 24:17; 
Jeremiah 48:43; 
Jeremiah 50:27; 
Ezekiel 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗; 
Psalm 55:16 [
Psalm 55:15] Kt.; of a blessing, 
Exodus 32:29; 
Psalm 3:9 [
Psalm 3:8], a curse 
Deuteronomy 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending 
from heaven) 
Psalm 33:22; 
Psalm 86:13; 
Psalm 90:17; 
Psalm 103:17 (with 
גבר be mighty 
over or 
upon, 
Psalm 33:11; 
Psalm 117:2), 
Psalm 116:12; 
Psalm 145:9; 
Ezra 3:11, 
שׁלום Psalm 125:5 ; 
Psalm 128:6; 
1 Chronicles 22:9.
    
 
    
        (c) Introducing the object 
upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an 
event, rather than a person, as 
Exodus 18:9, 
על is to be explained from 
1f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as 
שׂושׂ to rejoice 
over, 
גיל, 
שׂמח, 
התענג, 
התפאר, 
שׂחק, 
אבל, 
ספד, 
שׁמם, 
בכה Judges 11:37 +, 
נשׂא (
משׁל) 
קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, 
over (see these words); probably also in 
הִנָּבֵא על prophecy 
over Ezekiel 11:4; 
Ezekiel 13:17 +; with 
חוּס, 
חָמַל, 
רִחַם to shew compassion 
on (compare 
1 Kings 3:26; [
Genesis 43:30 אל], 
Songs 5:4; [
Jeremiah 31:20 ל]); with 
שׁמר, 
שׁקד, 
הֵעִיר (
Job 8:6) to guard or watch 
over; with 
יעץ to counsel 
upon Isaiah 14:26 +, 
חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, 
Jeremiah 29:11 in good), 
דִּבֶּר (
רעה Jeremiah 11:17 +, 
טובה Jeremiah 18:20; 
Jeremiah 32:42), 
הֵקִים דָּבָר Jeremiah 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with 
בכה to weep 
on Genesis 45:14, 
Genesis 45:15 +, 
שׁרק to hiss, 
ספק or 
תקע כף to clap the hand, 
הִכָּה כף Ezekiel 22:13 (|| 
אל); 
Isaiah 5:30 to growl 
over, 
Isaiah 31:4; 
Ezekiel 36:2; 
Job 30:5; 
הִתְוַדָּה to confess 
over (the goat), 
Leviticus 16:21; 
Exodus 30:10a (probably); 
Deuteronomy 21:6; 
Job 6:27; Job 40:30 [
Job 41:6].
    
 
    
        b. From a lower place upwards, 
up upon, up to, as 
עלה על to go up 
upon: Exodus 20:26; 
1 Samuel 2:28; 
1 Kings 12:33b 2 Kings 16:12b 2 Chronicles 1:6 (an 
altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 
2 Kings 23:9, and 
ירד Leviticus 9:22; 
1 Kings 1:53); 
Judges 9:51; 
Isaiah 14:14; 
Isaiah 40:9, etc.; to come up 
upon (in different connections) 
Exodus 10:12; 
Leviticus 16:9 (figurative), 
Leviticus 19:19; 
1 Samuel 1:11; 
1 Samuel 6:7; 
1 Kings 10:16, 
1 Kings 10:17; figurative 
עלה על לב Isaiah 65:17 + (see 
לב, 
לבב, 
3d); in Hiph. 
1 Kings 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, 
Amos 8:10 (compare 
1a a), 
2 Samuel 1:24; 
Ezekiel 37:6; 
Psalm 137:6 (figurative), 
2 Chronicles 3:5, 
2 Chronicles 3:14 (= 
ornamented with); 
Deuteronomy 28:61 (compare 
Exodus 15:26b); 
2 Chronicles 20:34 the history of Jehu which 
הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 
2 Chronicles 32:32; and 
כתב על above 
1); compare 
נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exodus 9:22; 
Exodus 10:21; 
Exodus 17:16.
    
 
    
        c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
    
    
        (a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand 
above, or rest 
upon, it (compare Pusey
Min. Pr. 333), 
Exodus 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, 
Exodus 18:23; 
Numbers 11:12; 
1 Kings 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, 
Ezekiel 32:9; 
Jeremiah 3:18b; 
Jeremiah 16:13; 
Jeremiah 22:26, and after 
שׁוּב or 
הֵשִׁיב Jeremiah 16:15; 
Jeremiah 22:27; 
Jeremiah 23:3; 
Jeremiah 24:6 [but 
אֶל Jeremiah 27:22; 
Jeremiah 30:3 al.], 
Ezekiel 29:14; 
Genesis 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, 
Genesis 41:13; 
Genesis 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; 
בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in 
upon or 
beside a corpse; 
בא על אשׁה Genesis 19:31; 
Deuteronomy 25:5 (usually 
אל); 
Joshua 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, 
Ezekiel 47:8; 
1 Kings 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, 
Psalm 19:7 [
Psalm 19:6]; 
2 Kings 16:12; 
2 Chronicles 20:24; 
Isaiah 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was 
י׳'s arm revealed? 
Isaiah 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but 
Isaiah 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general 
על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of 
אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use 
אֶל; thus
    
 
    
        (
α) with a 
personal object, with 
assemble or 
be assembled, 
Exodus 32:1; 
2 Samuel 17:11; 
1 Kings 8:5; 
1 Kings 11:24; 
2 Kings 22:20 (
2 Chronicles 34:28 and usually 
אל), 
2 Chronicles 13:7, 
עלה Genesis 38:12; 
Joshua 2:8; 
1 Samuel 14:10 (
1 Samuel 14:9; 
1 Samuel 14:12 אל), 
עבר 1 Samuel 14:4 (
1 Samuel 14:1 אל), 
בא 2 Samuel 15:4 (see Dr) 
1 Chronicles 12:23f [
1 Chronicles 12:22], 
יצא 2 Kings 24:12, 
הוליך 2 Kings 25:20, 
נגע Judges 20:34, 
Judges 20:41 (compare 
Isaiah 6:7; 
Jeremiah 1:9), 
נס Isaiah 10:3, 
הלך Isaiah 22:15 (
אל ֗֗֗ על), 
נשׂא Isaiah 30:6, 
שׁלח 2 Kings 18:27 (
על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על : || 
Isaiah 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), 
Jeremiah 26:15; 
Jeremiah 29:31; 
1 Chronicles 13:2; 
2 Chronicles 28:16; 
2 Chronicles 30:1; 
2 Chronicles 32:9, 
2 Chronicles 32:31; 
2 Chronicles 36:15; 
Nehemiah 6:3, 
נגשׁ Ezekiel 9:6, 
שׁב, 
השׁיב Nehemiah 4:6 [
Nehemiah 4:12]; 
Malachi 3:24 [
Malachi 4:6 (see 
c), followed by 
על י׳ 2 Chronicles 15:4; 
2 Chronicles 30:9, 
התיצּב 2 Chronicles 11:13; letters going 
על פ׳ Nehemiah 2:7; 
Nehemiah 6:17a (
Nehemiah 6:17b אל).
    
        (
β) of 
places, 
Genesis 24:49; 
2 Samuel 2:19 + 
על ימין to the right; with 
הלך 1 Samuel 2:11; 
1 Kings 20:43 עלבֿיתו (
1 Kings 21:4 אל), 
2 Samuel 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, 
Jeremiah 1:7; 
Ezekiel 1:20 (
Ezekiel 1:12 אל), 
הוליך 1 Kings 1:38 (
1 Kings 1:33 אל), 
נהר Micah 4:1 (|| 
Isaiah 2:2 אל), 
Jeremiah 31:12 (
אל ֗֗֗ על), 
נגשׁ Ezekiel 44:13 (|| 
אל), 
עלה 1 Samuel 24:23 [
1 Samuel 24:22]; 
2 Samuel 19:1 [
2 Samuel 18:33; 
1 Kings 6:8 (|| 
אל), 
Ezekiel 41:7, 
בא Jeremiah 14:3; 
Jeremiah 51:51, (
על הר) 
הביא Isaiah 66:20 (
Isaiah 56:7 אל), 
ירד Jeremiah 36:12, 
הִטָּה Proverbs 21:1, 
הסיר 2 Samuel 6:10 (|| 
1 Chronicles 13:13 אל), 
נתן Isaiah 29:12 (
Isaiah 29:11 אל) 
Micah 1:14; 
Micah 3:5; 
Genesis 42:37, 
השׁיב, 
שׁב, 
Numbers 33:7; 
Jeremiah 11:10 (figurative, 
עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), 
Psalm 35:13; 
Job 34:15 (
Genesis 3:19 אל), 
Proverbs 26:11; 
Ecclesiastes 1:6; 
1 Kings 17:21, 
1 Kings 17:22 (compare 
1 Samuel 30:12 אל), 
השׁתחוה Leviticus 26:11 (probably), 
Isaiah 60:14; pregnantly 
Isaiah 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) 
into a dungeon: compare 
חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite 
עַלחֵֿיק Isaiah 65:6, 
Isaiah 65:7 Kt. (
Jeremiah 32:18; 
Psalm 79:12 אל). After 
נראה appear, 
Psalm 90:16 (
אל ֗֗֗ על). And 
as far as, unto (nearly = 
יַד) 
Genesis 49:13 צִידוֺן עַל וְיַרְכָתוֹ , 
Joshua 2:7; 
Joshua 18:13; 
Joshua 19:12; 
Jeremiah 31:39; 
Ezekiel 47:18; 
Ezekiel 48:21, 
Ezekiel 48:28; 
Psalm 48:11 [
Psalm 48:10]; 
1 Chronicles 5:16.
    
        (b) With 
אמר say 
to, 
2 Kings 22:8; 
Jeremiah 18:11 (
אל ֗֗֗ על), 
Jeremiah 22:6; 
Jeremiah 23:2, 
Jeremiah 23:35 (
על ֗֗֗ אל), 
Jeremiah 36:29; 
Jeremiah 44:20 (
אל ֗֗֗ על), 
דבר 1 Samuel 1:13 (
Genesis 24:45 אל), 
1 Kings 9:5; 
Hosea 12:11 [
Hosea 12:10; 
Jeremiah 6:10; 
Jeremiah 10:1; 
Jeremiah 11:2 (
אל ֗֗֗ על), speak 
to Jeremiah 25:2 (
על ֗֗֗ אל), 
Jeremiah 26:2, compare 
Esther 1:17, 
היה דבר י׳ Jeremiah 25:1; 
1 Chronicles 22:8; compare 
1 Chronicles 11:10, 
ענה 2 Samuel 19:43 [
2 Samuel 19:42], 
קרא Isaiah 34:14; 
2 Chronicles 32:18, 
שִׁוַּע Psalm 18:42 [
Psalm 18:41, 
הֵרַע 1 Kings 17:20, 
שֹׁרֵר, 
שָׁר sing Proverbs 25:20; 
Job 33:27, 
החליק Proverbs 29:5 (
Psalm 36:3 [
Psalm 36:2] 
אל), 
התפלל 1 Samuel 1:10, 
כתב 2 Chronicles 30:1; 
Ezra 4:7; 
Esther 8:8, 
שׁמע 2 Kings 20:13 (= 
Isaiah 39:2), 
Isaiah 22:13; 
Jeremiah 23:16; 
Jeremiah 26:5; 
Jeremiah 35:18; 
Haggai 1:12; see also 
הקשׁיב, 
האזין, 
הבין, 
התבונן, 
השׂכיל.
    
 
    
    
    
        d. In a hostile sense, 
upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as 
בא Genesis 34:25, 
Genesis 34:27, 
נֶאֱסַף Genesis 34:30, 
קצף to be angry 
Genesis 40:2, 
לון to murmur 
Exodus 15:24 עמד stand up 
Leviticus 19:16 +, 
קָם rise up 
Deuteronomy 19:11; 
Amos 7:9, 
נלחם Deuteronomy 20:10, 
חנה 1 Samuel 11:1; 
Psalm 27:3, 
עלה 2 Kings 17:3, 
חרה אף Zechariah 10:3 (usually 
בְּ), 
שׁפך סללה Isaiah 37:33, 
צוּר besiege 
Deuteronomy 20:12, 
חשׁב to devise 
Genesis 50:20; 
Jeremiah 11:19, 
דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 13:6 [
Deuteronomy 13:5] +, etc.: add 
Job 16:4 (twice in verse); 
Job 16:9, 
Job 16:10, 
Job 16:13; 
Job 19:12; 
Job 21:27; 
Job 30:12, etc.; 
היה על 2 Samuel 11:23; 
Numbers 31:3: 
עָלַיִךְ הִנְנִי (see 
אֶל 4); note also 
Judges 9:31; 
Judges 20:5: without a verb 
Isaiah 9:20 [
Isaiah 9:21]; 
Judges 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are 
upon thee, 
Judges 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !
    
 
    
        8. By writers of the silver age, 
על is sometimes used with the force of a 
dative, 
1 Chronicles 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew 
בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems 
good to you, 
אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב †
Nehemiah 2:5, 
Nehemiah 2:7; 
Esther 1:19; 
Esther 3:9; 
Esther 5:4, 
Esther 5:8; 
Esther 7:3; 
Esther 8:5; 
Esther 9:13 (compare in Aramaic 
Ezra 5:17; 
Ezra 7:18); 
עַל שָׁפַר Psalm 16:6 (compare in Aramaic 
Daniel 4:24 [
Daniel 4:27]); 
עָרַב עַל Psalm 104:34 (elsewhere 
לְ); 
עַל רַע Ecclesiastes 2:17 (see De; compare 
בְּאֵשׁ עַל Daniel 6:15 [
Daniel 6:14]): compare 
Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable 
to, 
Job 33:23; also 
גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see 
גמל), 
Nehemiah 5:19 עשׂה על, 
Nehemiah 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) 
to; 
הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; 
Ezra 9:9 (
Genesis 39:21 אל): 
1 Samuel 20:8 read probably 
עם for 
על. Compare Mishna 
חביב על, dear 
to; 
סני על hateful 
to; Syriac 
 
 
, 
 
 
, pleasant, acceptable 
to. — Compare in general the uses of 

, W
AG ii. § 59.
    
 
    
    III. As 
conjunction: 
    
    
    
        c. עַל alone:
    
    
    
        (b) notwithstanding that (above, 
1f f), 
although, † 
Isaiah 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, 
Job 16:7 בְּכַפָּ֑י חָמָם לֹא עַל.
    
 
    IV. Compounds: — 
    
        1. with כְּ (rare and late),
    
    
    
        b. (pleon. for 
כְּ), 
Isaiah 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is 
the like of (that which) he will repay (
כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of 
כְּ Numbers 15:15; 
Hosea 4:9: see 
כְּ) = 
according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, 
Isaiah 63:7 according to.
    
 
    
        2. מֵעַל 304 from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
    
    
        a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a 
surface is involved, as 
מעל האדמה, 
מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. 
Genesis 4:14; 
Genesis 6:7; 
Genesis 7:4; 
Exodus 32:12; 
Deuteronomy 6:15; 
Deuteronomy 28:21, 
Deuteronomy 28:63 — Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up 
הארץ מעל Genesis 7:17; 
Ezekiel 1:19,
Ezekiel 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) 
מעל הארץ Genesis 8:3, 
Genesis 8:7, 
Genesis 8:11, 
Genesis 8:13; to roll a stone 
הַבְּאֵר פִּימֵעַל Genesis 29:3; of the cloud departing 
האהל מעל Numbers 9:17; 
Numbers 12:10, compare 
Nehemiah 9:19; to rise up 
הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judges 3:20; 
1 Kings 2:4, 
מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2 Samuel 11:2; to alight (
נָפַל) 
הַגָּמָל מֵעַל Genesis 24:64 (compare 
Joshua 15:18 צנח, 
1 Samuel 25:23 ירד), 
ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judges 4:15; 
2 Kings 5:21 (
נפל); to take 
רֹאשׁ מֵעַל Genesis 40:19; 
2 Samuel 12:30, 
מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Leviticus 16:12; 
Numbers 17:11 [
Numbers 16:46]; 
Isaiah 6:6; to see 
מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2 Samuel 11:2; to shoot 
מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה 2 Samuel 11:20; 
2 Samuel 11:24; to speak 
הַכַּפֹּרֶת מֵעַל Exodus 25:22; 
Numbers 7:89; to cast down 
מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deuteronomy 9:17; 
Leviticus 8:28 (
כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (
צוארך) 
מעל שׁכמך Genesis 27:40; 
Isaiah 10:27; 
Jeremiah 28:10, 
Jeremiah 28:11; to wipe tears 
כָּל־פָּנִים מֵעַל Isaiah 25:8; to take a bandage 
מעל עיניו 1 Kings 20:41 (compare 
על 1 Kings 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as 
Genesis 38:14, 
Genesis 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, 
Exodus 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal 
Exodus 3:5; 
Joshua 5:15, a ring 
מֵעַל יָדוֺ Genesis 41:42; to seek (
דרשׁ), or hear, words 
מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isaiah 34:16; 
Jeremiah 36:11 (compare 
כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with 
בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) 
from off, 
Deuteronomy 8:4; 
Deuteronomy 29:4 [
Deuteronomy 29:5], compare of the bones or skin in disease 
Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) 
from off me, 
Job 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) 
from off me; figurative 
1 Samuel 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine 
from off thee; 
Numbers 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; 
Judges 16:19, 
Judges 16:20 סר מעליו י׳ (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 
1 Samuel 16:23 (compare 
על in 
1 Samuel 16:16).
    
 
    
        b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed 
from (resting) 
on one, 
Exodus 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, 
Numbers 21:7; 
Numbers 25:8 וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ 2 Samuel 24:21, 
2 Samuel 24:25), 
Psalm 39:11 [
Psalm 39:10] 
הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, 
Job 9:34; 
Job 13:21; 
Joel 2:20; of reproach 
Joshua 5:9; 
Isaiah 25:8; 
Psalm 119:22, iniquity 
Ezekiel 18:31; 
Zechariah 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 
1 Kings 2:31, wrath 
Judges 8:3; 
Numbers 25:11; 
Proverbs 24:18, murmurings 
Numbers 17:21 [
Numbers 17:6]; 
Numbers 17:25 [
Numbers 17:10]; 
הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten 
from upon one 
Exodus 18:22 +; 
Amos 5:23 שִׁירֶיךָ הֲמוֹן מֵעָלַי הָסֵר; pregnantly 
Jonah 1:11, 
Jonah 1:12 that the sea 
יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm 
from off us; to remove, etc., 
פָּנַי מֵעַל (see 
פָּנִים); 
1 Samuel 6:20 to whom shall he go up 
מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — 
from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 
2 Samuel 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 
2 Samuel 20:21 הָעִיר מֵעַל וְאֵלְכָה, 
2 Samuel 20:22; 
2 Kings 3:27; 
2 Kings 18:14, especially with 
עָלָה, 
נַעֲלָה 1 Kings 15:19; 
Jeremiah 21:2; 
Jeremiah 37:5, 
Jeremiah 37:11 +; 
2 Samuel 19:10 [
2 Samuel 19:9] David fled 
מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), 
Nehemiah 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare 
Genesis 13:11; 
Genesis 25:6; 
Numbers 20:21 מֵעָלָיו וַיֵּט ישׂר׳, 
2 Chronicles 20:10; 
Exodus 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 
2 Samuel 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).
    
 
    
        c. From beside (compare 
על 6c), in different 
nuances: Genesis 17:22 God went up 
מעל אברהם from beside A., 
Genesis 35:13; 
Genesis 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare 
על Genesis 18:5), 
Genesis 42:24; 
Numbers 16:25, 
Numbers 16:27; 
1 Kings 1:53 to come down 
מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare 
על 1 Kings 13:1; 
6c and 
7b); 
from attendance on Genesis 45:1 (compare 
על ib.), 
Judges 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1 Samuel 17:15 (see Dr), 
2 Samuel 13:9, compare 
1 Samuel 13:8, 
1 Samuel 13:11; 
2 Kings 25:5 (
Jeremiah 36:21 read 
עַל, 
מ being dittograph), compare 
2 Chronicles 35:15; 
from attachment to, 
רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 2:5; 
Ezekiel 11:15; 
Ezekiel 44:10, compare 
Ezekiel 8:6, 
סָר מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 32:40; 
Ezekiel 6:9, 
תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Ezekiel 44:10, 
Ezekiel 44:15, compare 
Ezekiel 14:5; 
Deuteronomy 13:11 [
Deuteronomy 13:10]; also 
סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2 Kings 10:31; 
2 Kings 15:18 (usually 
מֵחטאות), compare 
Ezekiel 14:6; 
Ezekiel 23:18; 
from companionship with, 
Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; 
from accompanying protectingly 1 Samuel 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, 
1 Samuel 28:16 (compare 
על Psalm 110:5; and see Dr); 
from adhesion to 2 Kings 17:21 דָּוִד בֵּית מֵעַל ישׂראל קָרַע, 
Isaiah 7:17; 
Isaiah 56:3 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ י׳, 
Hosea 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.
    
 
    
    
        e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ):