II. אֵת,
preposition with — with makkeph
אֶתֿ, with suffix
אִתִּי,
אִתְּךָ,
אִתְּכֶם etc. (also, however,
ֽֽֽאוֺתְךָ,
אוֺתוֺ, and similarly
מֵֽֽֽאוֺתְךָ,
מֵאוֺתוֺ etc.), first in
Joshua 10:25;
Joshua 14:12, next
2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively)
1 Kings 20 —
2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g.
1 Kings 20:25 (but
1 Kings 20:23 אִתָּם)
1 Kings 22:7,
8,
24 (beside
מֵאִתִּי)
2 Kings 1:15;
2 Kings 3:11,
12,
26;
2 Kings 6:16 (beside
מֵאִתּוֺ)
2 Kings 8:8;
Jeremiah 2:35;
Jeremiah 10:5;
Jeremiah 16:8;
Jeremiah 19:10;
Jeremiah 20:11;
Ezekiel 2:6;
Ezekiel 10:17;
Ezekiel 23:23;
Ezekiel 37:26 (see below
1d; also
Isaiah 59:21, contr.
Genesis 17:4: on
שָׁכַב אֹתָהּ Genesis 34:2 and elsewhere, see below
שָׁכַב, & compare Dr
Sm ii. 13, 14) preposition denoting
proximity (synonym
עִם; Phoenician
את, e.g. CIS
i. 3, 8 לא יכן לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place
with the shades; Assyrian
itti (perhaps akin to
ittu 'side,' Dl
Pr 115 Hpt KAT
2. 498; but compare Nö
ZMG '86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic
'
enta, towards, which supports the view; that
אֵת is for '
int [compare
תֵּת,
תִּתִּי], perhaps from √
אנה to meet Ol
p. 431 Prät
ZMG '73, 643 Lag
M i. 226).
† 1. Of companionship,
together with: Genesis 6:13 behold, I destroy them
אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ together with the earth,
Genesis 11:31;
Genesis 12:4 —
verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as
Judges 1:3;
Judges 14:11;
Judges 19:4, & in the phrase
הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֺ Judges 4:13;
Judges 7:1;
Judges 9:33,
48;
1 Samuel 14:20;
1 Samuel 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons
אִתָּֽךְ ׃ ֗֗֗ with thee Genesis 6:18; similarly (3rd person)
Genesis 7:7,
13;
Genesis 8:18;
Genesis 9:8 and elsewhere (character of P: Dr
Intr 124);
הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֶתהָֿאֱלֹהִים to walk
with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him)
Genesis 5:22,
24;
Genesis 6:9 (compare
הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת literal
1 Samuel 25:15); —
by the side of, like Isaiah 45:9,
equally with Leviticus 26:39,
in common with Jeremiah 23:28b (compare
עִם 1e, f). Hence, in particular —
† a. with for the purpose of help:
Numbers 14:9 אִתָּנוּ וי׳,
Joshua 14:12 (
אוֺתִי, as
Jeremiah 20:11)
Judges 1:19;
2 Kings 6:16;
2 Kings 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is
on my side, who ?
כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Isaiah 43:5;
Jeremiah 1:18,
19 +;
Isaiah 63:3;
Psalm 12:5 our lips are
with us, on our side; in the phrase
אֵת פּ׳ יַד (
הָֽיְתָה 2 Samuel 14:19;
2 Kings 15:19;
Jeremiah 26:24;
נָשָׂא אֵת to bear
together with, i.e. to assist
Exodus 18:22;
Numbers 11:17. Exceptionally, =
with the help of: Genesis 4:1 for I have gotten a man
אֶתיֿ׳ with the help of י׳ (compare
עם 1 Samuel 14:45)
Genesis 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, &
⅏ favour
וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for
וְאֵת שַׁדַּי)
Micah 3:8; compare
Esther 9:29.
† b. beside (German
neben):
Genesis 39:6 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה he knew not
with him,
beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything),
Genesis 39:8;
Exodus 20:23 לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִּ֑י ye shall not make (aught)
beside me.
† c. beside = in the presence of (rare):
Genesis 20:16b and
before all thou shalt be righted,
Isaiah 30:8;
Micah 6:1. In this sense
פּ׳ אֶת־פְּנֵי is more frequent, see below
פָּנִ׳ם.
† d. of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing:
† 2. Of localities, especially in the phrase
אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site:
Judges 3:19;
Judges 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֶתקֶֿדֶשׁ which is
near Kedesh,
1 Kings 9:26;
2 Kings 9:27 (compare
עם 2, which is commoner in this sense);
Ezekiel 43:8;
Exodus 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֺם אִתִּי. Perhaps, anomalously,
1 Samuel 7:16 at or
by all those places (but see Dr); in
2 Samuel 15:23 אֶת־הַמִּךְבָּר דֶרֶךְ עַל־פְּנֵי,
אֵת =
towards is against analogue: read with
בַּמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר הַזַּיִת דֶּרֶךְ עַל־פָּנָיו;
1 Kings 9:25 אִתּוֺ beside it (that is, the altar); but
עָלָיו 1 Kings 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for
אִתּוֺ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly
אֶתאִֿשֹּׁוֺ (see
Exodus 30:20).
† 3. פּ׳ אֵת
† b. in one's knowledge or memory:
Isaiah 59:12 אִתָּנוּ פְּשָׁעֵינוּ our transgressions are
with us, i.e. present to our minds (||
וַעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם),
Job 12:3 אֶתמִֿיאֵֿין כְּמוֺאֵֿלָּה with whom are not (i.e. who
knoweth not ?
τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these ?
Job 14:5 אִתָּךְ i.e. known to thee,
Proverbs 2:1;
Genesis 40:14;
Jeremiah 12:3 (Ew Gf
towards thee, as
1d γ). So
אִםיֵֿשׁ אֶתנַֿפְשְׁכֶם Genesis 23:8 [
2 Kings 9:15 נ׳ alone],
אֶתלְֿבָבְךָ 2 Kings 10:15. compare
עם 4b, which is more frequent in this sense.
† 4. מֵאֵת (
מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also -
מֵאוֺת)
from proximity with (like Greek
παρά with a genitive, from
de chez; in Syriac, Arabic
,
corresponding synonym
מֵעִם; see below): coupled almost always with
persons (contrast
מֵעִם,
a). Thus
† c. expressing origination:
1 Kings 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ נִהְיָה. Especially
מֵאֵת י׳ — of a concrete object proceeding
from him:
Genesis 19:24 (brimstone),
Numbers 11:31 (a wind),
Numbers 16:35 (fire),
1 Samuel 16:14 (evil spirit),
Isaiah 38:7 (a sign),
Jeremiah 51:53 (wasters),
Micah 5:6 (dew); of wrath
Zechariah 7:12 (compare
Numbers 17:11), teaching
Isaiah 51:4, the word of prophecy
Jeremiah 7:1 (so
Jeremiah 11:1;
Jeremiah 18:1 — Jeremiah)
Jeremiah 37:17;
Ezekiel 33:30; with 'have I((we) heard'
Isaiah 21:10;
Isaiah 28:22;
Jeremiah 49:14 (= Obadiah); of an event, or phase of history
Joshua 11:20 הָֽיְתָה מֵאֵת י׳ it came of י׳ to...,
1 Kings 12:24;
Habakkuk 2:13;
Psalm 118:23 הָֽיְתָה זאֹת מֵאֵת י׳ (
παρὰ Κυρίου)
Ezra 9:8;
Nehemiah 6:16; of trouble (
רָעָה)
2 Kings 6:33;
Micah 1:12 (
יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in
י׳ Jeremiah 13:25;
Isaiah 54:17;
Psalm 109:20, compare
Job 2:10;
Psalm 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it);
Isaiah 44:24 Qr
מֵאִתִּי of myself (compare
ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is
מִי אִתִּי who was with me ?), John 54:15
אֶפֶס מֵאוֺתִי not
at my instance (compare
לֹא מִנִּי John 30:1,
לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Hosea 8:4).
†Note. אֵת expresses closer association than
עִם : hence while
מֵעִם sometimes denotes hardly more than
from the surroundings or
belongings of,
מֵאֵת expresses
from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks,
מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ who has gone
from (those)
about us ? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says,
Genesis 44:28 וַיֵּצֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי and the one is gone
from with me.
מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to
מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship;
מאת is not usual in the sense of
מֵעִם c, nor
מֵעִם in the sense of
מֵאֵת b.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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