גַּם 768 adverb denoting
addition, also, moreover, yea (Moabite
id., also Zinjirli (Lzb
250 Cooke
166); probably akin to √
جَمَّ; compare
جَمًّا (accusative)
in a mass, altogether) —
1. also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as
Genesis 3:6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave
also to her husband, Genesis 3:27 and take
also of the tree of life,
Genesis 7:3;
Genesis 19:21;
Genesis 24:19;
Genesis 26:21;
Genesis 29:27;
Genesis 30:15;
Genesis 32:21 [
Genesis 32:20] (
⬩⬩⬩גַּם הִגֵּה : so
Esther 7:9)
Genesis 48:11;
Exodus 8:28;
Exodus 12:32b Deuteronomy 1:37;
1 Samuel 28:20;
2 Samuel 11:12;
2 Kings 9:27;
Isaiah 7:13 +. Often before pronouns,
Genesis 4:4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel,
he also brought,
Genesis 20:5 וְהִיא־גַם־הִוא (so only here) and she herself
also,
Genesis 20:6;
Genesis 27:31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא,
Genesis 30:8;
Deuteronomy 3:20;
Judges 3:31;
Judges 6:35;
Judges 9:19;
1 Samuel 19:20-24 Jeremiah 12:6;
Jeremiah 48:26 etc. (compare MI
6 ויאמר גם הא): especially in Genealogies of J (Bu
Urg. 220)
Genesis 4:22,
26;
Genesis 10:21;
Genesis 19:38;
Genesis 22:20,
24 compare
Judges 8:31.
גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style,
thou (they) also,
Isaiah 14:10;
Jeremiah 12:6 (twice in verse);
Jeremiah 48:7;
Ezekiel 16:52;
Nahum 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges
§ 135, 2)
Genesis 27:34;
1 Samuel 19:23;
2 Samuel 17:5;
Jeremiah 25:14;
Jeremiah 27:7 +.
וְגַם and also (more often than
גַּם alone attaching a sentence)
Genesis 6:4;
Genesis 14:16;
Genesis 15:14;
Genesis 17:16;
Genesis 20:12;
Genesis 24:14,
46;
Genesis 30:6;
Genesis 37:7;
Genesis 38:24;
Genesis 42:28;
Exodus 2:19;
Exodus 3:9;
Exodus 4:14;
Joshua 7:11 (
5 times)
1 Samuel 4:17;
1 Kings 21:19 + often; with a negative =
neither Exodus 5:2;
Exodus 34:3 and elsewhere —
גַּם⬩⬩⬩גַּם (like
et... et)
both... and Genesis 44:16;
Genesis 47:3,
19;
Numbers 18:3;
Jeremiah 51:12;
Psalm 49:3 +:
גַּם⬩⬩⬩גַּם⬩⬩⬩גַּם⬩⬩⬩ Genesis 24:25;
Judges 8:22;
Ecclesiastes 9:6: with a negative
neither... nor Numbers 23:25;
1 Samuel 20:27;
1 Kings 3:26, and (
3 times)
Genesis 43:8;
Exodus 4:10;
1 Samuel 28:6. So (but seldom)
וְגַם⬩⬩⬩גַּם Genesis 24:44;
Exodus 10:25f;
1 Samuel 2:26;
1 Samuel 12:14;
1 Samuel 26:25: with negative
1 Samuel 21:9. — N.B. In poetry independence and emphasis is sometimes given by
גַּם to a new idea, where in English we should be satisfied with
and: Psalm 107:5;
Psalm 137:1;
Job 24:19; Cant 7:14;
Lamentations 4:15.
2. with stress on a particular word,
even,
Exodus 4:9;
Numbers 22:33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive,
2 Samuel 17:10;
Jeremiah 2:33;
Psalm 132:12;
Proverbs 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful,
Proverbs 14:20;
Proverbs 17:28;
Proverbs 20:11;
Ruth 2:15; Nehemiah 3:35; and so often after
כִּי,
Deuteronomy 12:31 for
even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods,
1 Samuel 22:17;
Isaiah 26:12;
Jeremiah 6:11;
Jeremiah 12:6;
Jeremiah 14:5;
Hosea 9:12 כִּי־גַם־אוֺי לָהֶם for
even woe is it to them when I depart from them;
הֲגַם †
Genesis 16:13;
1 Samuel 10:11,
12 =
1 Samuel 19:24;
1 Kings 17:20;
Psalm 78:20;
Job 41:1;
Esther 7:8. Other cases: —
1 Samuel 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see,
yea see ! (but Hup
Qu. Job vi. גַּם רָאֹה : compare below)
Psalm 118:11;
Job 2:10 גַּם אֶת־הַטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive
good (emphatic) from God and not evil ?
Job 21:7; interposed once between a substantive and adjective
Genesis 20:4 Gentemne
etiam justam interficies? emphasizing
כֹּל,
Deuteronomy 28:61;
Judges 9:49b 1 Samuel 22:7 גַּם־ לְכֻלְּכֶם to
all (emphatic) of you will he give...?
2 Samuel 19:31 גַּם אֶת־הַכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take!
Isaiah 26:12;
אֶחָד 2 Samuel 17:12b and we will not leave
⬩⬩⬩גַּם אֶחָד even one (similarly
2 Samuel 17:13 b),
Psalm 14:3 (=
Psalm 53:4)
אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, †
Genesis 31:15;
Genesis 46:4;
Numbers 11:15;
Numbers 16:13;
1 Samuel 1:6.
גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally
even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German
alle beide) is said idiomatically, †
Genesis 27:45 (
שְׁנֵיכֶם),
Deuteronomy 22:22;
Deuteronomy 23:19;
1 Samuel 25:43 (
שְׁתֵּיהֶן),
Proverbs 17:15;
Proverbs 20:10,
12;
Ruth 1:5.
3. introducing a climax,
yea, especially in a rhetorical style,
Genesis 27:33;
Deuteronomy 23:3;
Deuteronomy 23:4;
Judges 5:4 (twice in verse);
Isaiah 13:3;
Isaiah 14:8;
Isaiah 43:13 yea, from today I am the same,
Isaiah 44:12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength,
Isaiah 47:3;
Isaiah 48:8 (
3 times in verse);
Isaiah 57:7;
Jeremiah 46:16;
Jeremiah 48:2;
Jeremiah 51:44;
Hosea 7:9;
Psalm 41:10;
Psalm 84:7;
Psalm 139:12;
Isaiah 66:8 כִּי־חָ֫לָה גַּם־יָָֽלְדָה,
צִיּוֺן אֶת־בָּנֶיהָ,
Jeremiah 5:28;
Jeremiah 12:2;
Ezekiel 24:5;
Job 21:7;
Songs 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case,
yea, even,
Isaiah 49:15 yea, these may forgot,
Jeremiah 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc.,
Isaiah 23:12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so
Psalm 139:10),
Isaiah 49:25;
Isaiah 57:6;
Jeremiah 23:11b;
Malachi 3:15;
Psalm 84:4.
4. expressing
correspondence, especially in the matter of
retribution (the
גַּם correlativum), so frequently
גַּם אֲנִי,
גַּם אָנֹכִי I
also (on my part): —
Genesis 20:6 I
also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently,
Joshua 24:18;
Judges 2:21;
1 Samuel 1:28 (compare Dr)
1 Samuel 28:22 גַּם אַתָּה thou
also (as I have done
1 Samuel 28:21),
2 Samuel 12:13 י׳ also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin,
2 Kings 2:3,
5;
Isaiah 31:2;
Isaiah 66:3-4 (
גם⬩⬩⬩גם, emphasizing the action of both parties),
Jeremiah 2:36;
Jeremiah 4:12 now will I
also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them,
Jeremiah 7:11;
Jeremiah 51:49 (
גם⬩⬩⬩גם),
Ezekiel 5:8,
11;
Ezekiel 16:43 (
וְגַם = therefore
also),
Ezekiel 23:35;
Hosea 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I
also (on my part) will forget thy children,
Psalm 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.)
גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God
also (on his part) will pluck thee up,
Psalm 71:22;
Psalm 133:1;
Proverbs 1:26;
Job 7:11;
Job 12:3;
Job 16:4; so
וְגַם Judges 2:3;
Amos 4:6,
7;
Micah 6:13;
Malachi 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon):
Genesis 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth,
גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed
also should be numbered,
Jeremiah 31:36,
37;
Jeremiah 33:21,
26;
Zechariah 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax:
Genesis 27:33;
Genesis 30:8 I have wrestled,
גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare
1 Kings 22:22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל,
Jeremiah 50:24),
Isaiah 66:8.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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