זֶה demonstrative pronoun and
adverb; feminine
H2063 זֹאת, once
זֹאתָה,
Jeremiah 26:6 Kt (also
זֹה and
זוֺ, which see); common
זוּ (which see):
this, here (the element
ז =
ذ =
D is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English
that, German
der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus
a. Phoenician זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, feminine זא, comm. אז (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69-71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C2), feminine זא 113:15; 145 B5; Aramaic of Zinjirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHMSendsch. 56); Ethiopic ዝ፡ ze, this, feminine ዛ፡ zā, ዘ፡ za, who (masculine), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [see below]) in common use as a mark of the genitive;
b. Arabic ذَا this, feminine ذِی, ذُو (genitive ذِی, accusative ذَا, feminine ذَاتُ), possessor of (literally that of..., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا, with ھَا lo! prefixed, ھَاذَا this, feminine ھَذِہِ, with the pronominal element -k affixed, ذَاكَ = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, اَلٌذِى who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה this, which see); Sabean דֿן this, feminine דֿת, דֿ who, which, feminine דֿת (PräZMG. 1872, 419, DHMZMG. 1883, 338 f., alsoEpigr. Denkm. 65);
c. Biblical Aramaic
דִּי which,
דֵּךְ,
דִּכֵּן,
דְּנָה (which see)
this, feminine
דָּא (=
זֹאת),
דָּךְ; Palmyrene and Nabataean
די which,
דנה this;
דְּ which,
דֵּין,
דֵּיכֵּי this, feminine
דָּא; with
הא lo! prefixed,
הָדֵין,
הָדָא (Syriac
Nxh axnxh, contracted from
N eDxh),
aeDxh; Syriac
D who, which; Samaritan
D who, which,
ND this, feminine
ED Mandean
ד who, which,
דהֿ this (rare), more commonly
האדין,
האזין (Nö
Mand § 80, 81). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plural is derived from a different source: Hebrew
אֵלָּה, Phoenician
אל, Ethiopic
'ellū, 'ellā,
these,
'ella,
who, Arabic
أُولَى,
these,
أُولُوا,
أُولِى owners of, Sabean
אלן these,
אל,
אלי who, which, Aramaic
אִלֵּין, with
הא lo! prefixed,
Nyelxh, Samaritan
NJLA, Mandean
עלין. Only the Arabic
آلَّذِى forms its own plural
اَلَّذِينَ. V. further W
SG 107 ff.) —
1. standing alone:
a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with
אֵת), [
H2063 Genesis 2:23]
לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת,
Genesis 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ ֗֗֗, [
H2063 Genesis 12:12];
Genesis 38:28;
Exodus 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֺקֵשׁ,
1 Samuel 10:27 מַה יּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall
this man save us ?
1 Samuel 16:8,
9; 1 Samuel 21:16 that ye have brought
אֶתזֶֿה this fellow to play the madman against me ?
1 Samuel 25:21 in vain have I kept
אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר לָזֶה all that
this fellow hath etc. [
H2063 2 Samuel 13:17]
אֶתזֹֿאת,
1 Kings 22:27 אֶתזֶֿה,
Micah 5:4 [
Micah 5:5];
Isaiah 66:2; as a genitive, [
H2063 Genesis 29:27, 28];
1 Kings 21:2; with a
collective force
Leviticus 11:4,
9 (=
Deuteronomy 14:7,
9),
Leviticus 11:21;
Leviticus 11:29;
Judges 20:16,
17 (
כָּלזֶֿה),
Job 19:19 (with a
plural verb). In a purely
neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.)
זאת is most common, as with
עשׂה to do
this
[
H2063 Genesis 3:14; 20:5, 6; 45:19] and often,
שׁמעו זאת [
H2063 Amos 8:4; Isaiah 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21] and elsewhere; [
H2063 Genesis 41:39; Exodus 17:14; Deuteronomy 32:6; Judges 7:14; 21:3]
הָֽיְתָה זֹאת⬩⬩⬩לָמָה (compare
Job 1:13; Psalm 118:23) [
H2063 1 Kings 11:39; 2 Samuel 7:19; 2 Kings 3:18] +;
אֵין זֹאת [
H2063 1 Samuel 20:2b] compare [
H2063 Amos 2:11] rarely so with
אֶתֿ [
H2063 Joshua 22:24; Jeremiah 9:11 [Jeremiah 9:12]; Psalm 92:7 [Psalm 92:6]]; as an accusative of limitation,
as regards this, in this, [
H2063 Ezekiel 20:27; 36:37; Job 19:26] (si vera lectio), [
H2063 Job 33:12]
in this thou art not just; (late)
אַחֲרֵי זֹאת † [
H2063 Job 42:16; Ezra 9:10],
כלזֿאת א׳ [
H2063 2 Chronicles 21:18; 35:20]; pointing forward to a following clause, [
H2063 Genesis 42:18; 43:11; Numbers 8:24; 14:35; Isaiah 56:2; Job 10:13] etc.; [
H2063 Exodus 9:16; 1 Samuel 25:31; Isaiah 1:12]
מִי דִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by
כִּי [
H2063 2 Samuel 19:22 [2 Samuel 19:21]; Psalm 102:19 [Psalm 102:18]; Psalm 119:50, 56]
(see also
בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but
זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly
Exodus 13:8;
Proverbs 24:12;
Job 15:17;
Nehemiah 2:2;
Ecclesiastes 1:17;
Ecclesiastes 2:15 גם זה הבל (so
Ecclesiastes 2:19;
Ecclesiastes 2:21;
Ecclesiastes 2:23 +),
Ecclesiastes 7:18 (twice in verse); of a concrete object,
Exodus 30:31;
2 Kings 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ : in late Hebrew,
Nehemiah 13:6 בְּכָלזֶֿה during all this,
2 Chronicles 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards
Lamentations 5:17f, to
כִּי Psalm 56:10 [
Psalm 56:9];
Jeremiah 22:21. (See also below,
6 g.)
2. In apposition to a substantive:
b. following it: —
(
α) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, [
H2063 Genesis 24:8]
שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת,
this my oath,
Deuteronomy 5:16 [
Deuteronomy 5:29] O that
לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always!
Deuteronomy 21:20;
Joshua 2:14,
20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה,
Judges 6:14 go
בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in
this thy strength,
Daniel 10:17; [
H2063 2 Chronicles 24:18]. (compare
אֵלֶּה,
a.) Rarely when it is undetermined,
2 Kings 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (
so 2 Kings 8:8,
2 Kings 8:9), [
H2063 Psalm 80:15 [Psalm 80:14]]
(
β) with the article,
הַזֶּה,
הַזּאֹת, after a substantive determined also by the article,
Genesis 7:1 בַּדּוֺר הַזֶּה,
Genesis 7:13 הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה, [
H2063 Genesis 12:7]
הָאָרֶץ הַזּאֹת, [
H2063 Genesis 15:7];
Genesis 17:21,
23;
Deuteronomy 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as
הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Genesis 32:11 [
Genesis 32:10];
Deuteronomy 3:27;
Deuteronomy 31:2;
Joshua 1:2,
11;
Joshua 4:22,
הַלְּבָנוֺן הַזֶּה Joshua 1:4, compare
Numbers 27:12 =
Deuteronomy 32:49 (
2 Kings 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to
הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (
2 Chronicles 1:10 after a noun with a pronominal affix (
Joshua 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of
הזה shews that the text is in error: see Dr
§ 209 Obs.).
3. More often as predicate, as
1 Samuel 24:17 [
1 Samuel 24:16]
הֲקוֺלְךָ זֶה,
2 Kings 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, [
H2063 2 Kings 9:37]
אִיזָֽבֶל׃ זֹאת, [
H2063 Ezekiel 5:5] etc.;
הֲזֶה Isaiah 14:16,
הֲזֹאת [
H2063 Isaiah 23:7; Lamentations 2:15]; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as
Genesis 5:1 זה ספר this is the book..., [
H2063 Genesis 9:12]
זֹאת אוֺת הַבְּרִית, [
H2063 Genesis 17:10];
Genesis 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, [
H2063 Leviticus 6:2 [Leviticus 6:9]];
Leviticus 6:13 [
Leviticus 6:20]; [
H2063 Leviticus 6:18 [Leviticus 6:25]; Leviticus 7:1, 11; Deuteronomy 6:1; 33:1; Joshua 13:2];
Job 27:13;
Isaiah 58:6 etc.;
זה הדבר אשׁר ֗֗֗ Exodus 16:16;
Exodus 35:4;
Joshua 5:4;
Judges 20:9;
Judges 21:11; Isaiah 27:22;
Jeremiah 38:21 +, compare
זה אשׁר ֗֗֗ this is what (
or how)...
Genesis 6:15;
Exodus 29:38;
Jeremiah 33:16;
זֶה לְךָ הָאוֺת Exodus 3:12;
1 Samuel 2:34 +; at the end, [
H2063 Leviticus 7:37; 11:46; 13:50 [13:59]; Numbers 5:21 [5:29]];
Numbers 7:17,
23 etc., [
H2063 Joshua 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Isaiah 14:26; 16:13] (
זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗),
Isaiah 17:14; [
H2063 Isaiah 54:17];
Jeremiah 13:25; [
H2063 Psalm 109:20];
Songs 5:16 (twice in verse); [
H2063 Job 5:27], in the latter case sometimes with the force of
such (i.e. such as has been described),
Job 18:21;
Job 20:29 (compare
אֵלֶּה [
H428 Psalm 73:12]),
Psalm 24:6; Psalm 48:15
such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) [
H2063 Zephaniah 2:15]; compare
Job 14:3 אַףעַֿלזֶֿה upon one
such as this (
Job 14:1-2) dost thou open thy eyes?
4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא : see הוא 4b. Thus
d. מַהזּֿאֹת in the phrase (
עֲשִׂיתֶם,
עָשִׂית)
מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ [
H2063 Genesis 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28; Exodus 14:11; Judges 2:2; 15:11] +. Either
What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or
what is
this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic
هَا ذَا مَنَعْتَ; De
[H2063 Genesis 3:13] (ed. 4), and especially Fl
Kl Schr. i. 356 Lane
p. 948.)
5. In poetry, as a
relative pronoun (rare: but see also
זוֺ,
זוּ):
Psalm 74:2 the hill of Zion
זה שׁכנת בּוֺ wherein thou dwellest,
Psalm 78:54;
Psalm 104:8 אלמְֿקום זה to the place (
stative construct Ges
§ 130. 3)
which... Psalm 104:26;
Proverbs 23:22;
Isaiah 25:9; =
that which Job 15:17,
those who Job 19:19 (so once,
Exodus 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling
זה with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as
הַר־וֶ֫ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed,
'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.
6. With prefixes (in special senses): —
b. בְּזֹאת
(
α)
with this = on these conditions, [
H2063 Genesis 34:15, 22; 1 Samuel 11:2; Isaiah 27:9]; =
herewith, thus provided [
H2063 Leviticus 16:3].
(
β)
by or
through this (especially with
יָדַע), [
H2063 Genesis 42:15, 33; Exodus 7:17; Numbers 16:28; Joshua 3:10; Psalm 41:12 [Psalm 41:11]]; so
בָּזֹאת [
H2063 Malachi 3:10].
(
γ)
in spite of this, [
H2063 Leviticus 26:27; Psalm 27:3], for which the fuller
בְּכָלזֹֿאת occurs, [
H2063 Isaiah 5:25; 9:11 [9:12]; 9:16 [9:17]; 9:20 [9:21]; 10:4; Psalm 78:32; Jeremiah 3:10; Hosea 7:10].
(
δ)
בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) [
H2063 1 Chronicles 27:24; 2 Chronicles 19:2];
in this matter [
H2063 2 Chronicles 20:17];
c. כָּזֶה
d. כְּזֹאת the like of this =
as follows, † [
H2063 Genesis 45:23];
כָּזֹאת the like of this =
things such as these [
H2063 Judges 13:23] (with
השׁמיע), [
H2063 Judges 15:7; 19:30]
לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, [
H2063 1 Samuel 4:7 (compare Jeremiah 2:10; 2 Chronicles 30:26), 2 Samuel 14:13] (with
חשׁב), [
H2063 Isaiah 66:8] (with
שׁמע), [
H2063 Ezra 7:27]; =
accordingly, to that effect (with
דִּבֶּר) [
H2063 2 Chronicles 34:22; = in like manner Judges 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 Kings 7:37; 1 Chronicles 29:14; 2 Chronicles 31:20; 32:15]:
כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus † [
H2063 Joshua 7:20; 2 Samuel 17:15 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 5:4; 9:12].
f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare),
Lamentations 5:17 (pointing forwards),
Esther 6:3. So
עַל זֹאת [
H2063 Amos 8:8; Micah 1:8; Jeremiah 2:12 (Job 17:8) Jeremiah 4:8, 28; Psalm 32:6]; in late prose [
H2063 Ezra 8:23; 9:15; 10:2; Nehemiah 13:14; 2 Chronicles 16:9, 10; 29:9; 32:20].
g. עִם זֶה in spite of this †
Nehemiah 5:18. — On
אֵי זֶה which ? אֵי מִזֶּה whence ? אֵי לָזֹאת how ? see below
אַי 2; and on
הַלָּז,
הַלָּזֶה,
הַלֵּזוּ.
Note. —
זֶה in [
H7716 1 Samuel 17:34] (in many editions) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbinic Bible of 1525 for
שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subsequent editions. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient editions is
שֶׂה (compare de Rossi
Var. Lect. ii. 151).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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