זָקֵן adjective old, absolute
ז׳ Genesis 19:4 +
30 times (on distinction from verb see above); construct
זְקַן Genesis 24:2; plural
זְקֵנִים Genesis 18:11 +
44 times;
זְקֵנוֺת Zechariah 8:4; construct
זִקְנֵי Genesis 50:7 +
85 times; suffix
זְקֵנַי Lamentations 1:19,
זְקֵנֶיךָ Deuteronomy 21:2;
Deuteronomy 32:7,
זְקֵנָיו Joshua 8:33 +
3 times,
זְקֵנֶיהָ Judges 8:14,
זְקֵנֵינוּ Exodus 10:9;
Joshua 9:11,
זִקְנֵיכֶם Deuteronomy 5:20 +
2 times; —
1. old, of human beings, as adjective predicate
Genesis 18:11 (J),
Job 32:4 (
מִמֶּנּוּ לְיָמִים ז׳, in comparison), or attributive
אָב זָקֵן Genesis 44:20 (J),
אִישׁ ז׳ Judges 19:16,
17,
20,
22,
נָבִיא ז׳ 1 Kings 13:11,
25,
29,
מֶלֶךְ ז׳ Ecclesiastes 4:13; probably also
וּשְׂבַע ימים ז׳ Genesis 35:29 (P),
Job 42:17 and
Genesis 25:8 (P) according to

Sam Di; compare also
Ezra 3:12.
2. usually as substantive: a. old man (or woman), b. elder;
a. old man Genesis 43:27 (J),
Leviticus 19:32 (H),
Deuteronomy 28:50;
Deuteronomy 32:7 (||
אָב),
1 Samuel 2:31,
32;
1 Samuel 28:14;
Isaiah 47:6;
Job 12:20;
Job 32:9;
Proverbs 17:6;
Proverbs 20:29;
Psalm 119:100;
Joel 1:2;
old men and old women Zechariah 8:4 (twice in verse); compare
זְקַן בֵּיתוֺ Genesis 24:2 (J),
זִקְנֵי בֵיתוֺ 2 Samuel 12:17; especially opposed to
נַעַר Exodus 10:9 (E),
Isaiah 3:5;
Isaiah 20:4;
Jeremiah 51:22;
Lamentations 2:21;
Psalm 148:12, and in phrase
מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן Genesis 19:4 (J),
Joshua 6:21 (JE),
Esther 3:13; opposed to
ילדים 1 Kings 12:6,
8,
13 2 Chronicles 10:6;
10:8;
10:13; opposed to
בַּחוּרִים Jeremiah 31:13;
Ezekiel 9:6;
Joel 3:1, compare
2 Chronicles 36:17 (+
יָשֵׁשׁ) and
Jeremiah 6:11 (+
מְלֵא ימים); opposed to
עוּל ימים Isaiah 65:20; opposed to
יונקי שׁדים and
עוללים Joel 2:16.
b. usually plural
elders, as having authority, term techn. (
100 times +); elders of a people, especially Israel
Exodus 3:16,
18;
Exodus 12:21 (all J),
Exodus 17:5,
6;
Exodus 18:12;
Exodus 19:7;
Exodus 24:1,
9,
14;
Joshua 24:1 (all E),
Numbers 11:16 (twice in verse) (
שֹׁטְרָיו),
Numbers 11:24;
Numbers 11:25;
Numbers 11:30;
Numbers 16:25;
Joshua 7:6;
Joshua 8:10;
Joshua 9:11 (all J E),
Deuteronomy 5:20 (||
רָאשֵׁי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם),
Deuteronomy 27:1;
Deuteronomy 29:9 (||
ראשׁי שׁבטיכם,
שֹׁטְרֵיכֶם),
Deuteronomy 31:9,
28;
Joshua 8:33 (||
שֹׁטְרִים וְשֹׁפְטָיו),
Joshua 23:2 (||
רָאשׁיו,
שֹׁפְטָיו,
שֹׁטְרָיו); compare also probably
Joshua 24:31 =
Judges 2:7 (all D);
Leviticus 9:1, compare
זִקְנֵי הָעֵדָה Leviticus 4:15)both P),
Judges 21:16; see also
1 Samuel 4:3;
1 Samuel 8:4;
1 Samuel 15:30;
2 Samuel 3:17;
2 Samuel 5:3 =
1 Chronicles 11:3;
2 Samuel 17:4,
15;
1 Kings 8:1,
3 2 Chronicles 5:2,
4, also
1 Chronicles 15:25;
1 Chronicles 21:16; compare
Isaiah 3:2 (
גִּבּוֺר וְאִישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה שׁוֺפֵט וְנָבִיא וְקֹסֵם וְז׳),
Isaiah 9:14 (||
נְשׂוּאפָֿנִים, but see probably gloss, compare Ew Che Di Du and others); elders of one tribe (Judah)
1 Samuel 30:26;
2 Samuel 19:12, so of Gilead
Judges 11:5,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11; after the division of the kingdoms, of Northern Israel
זקני הארץ 1 Kings 20:7 compare
1 Kings 20:8, also
2 Kings 6:32 (twice in verse);
2 Kings 10:1 (||
שָׂרִים etc.) compare
2 Kings 10:5; under Josiah
זקני יְהוּדָה 2 Kings 23:1 2 Chronicles 34:29; see also
הארץ ז׳ Jeremiah 26:17, compare
זקני ארץ Proverbs 31:23, compare
Lamentations 1:19;
Lamentations 2:10;
Lamentations 4:16;
Lamentations 5:12,
14 (||
שׂרים; +
שַׁעַר); often in Ezek.:
Ezekiel 7:26 (||
כהן), of Judah
Ezekiel 8:1, of Israel
Ezekiel 8:11,
12;
Ezekiel 14:1;
Ezekiel 20:1,
3, also
Ezekiel 9:6 (but strike out Co). Exilic
הַגּוֺלָה ז׳ Jeremiah 29:1 (||
הכהנים,
הנביאים); post-exile
Ezra 10:8 (||
שׂרים), possibly also
Joel 1:14; elders of
י׳ Isaiah 24:23 (compare
Exodus 24:1,
9),
זִקְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Kings 19:2 =
Isaiah 37:2, so
Jeremiah 19:1 (||
זקני העם); of other peoples, Midian
Numbers 22:4,
7, Moab
Numbers 22:7 (all E), Egypt
Psalm 105:22 (||
שׂרים); of Gebal
Ezekiel 27:9; elders of a city, especially as sitting in the gate to judge
Deuteronomy 19:12;
Deuteronomy 21:2 (+
שֹׁפְטֶיךָ)
Deuteronomy 21:3;
Deuteronomy 21:4;
Deuteronomy 21:6;
Deuteronomy 21:19 (+
שַׁעַרמְֿקֹמוֺ),
Deuteronomy 21:20;
Deuteronomy 22:15 (+
הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה),
Deuteronomy 22:16;
Deuteronomy 22:17;
Deuteronomy 22:18;
Deuteronomy 25:7 (+
הַשַּׁ֫עֲרָה),
Deuteronomy 25:8;
Deuteronomy 25:9 (all in Deuteronomic code, and only so therein),
Ruth 4:2,
4,
9,
11 (compare
שַׁעַר Ruth 4:1;
Ruth 4:11),
מוֺשַׁב זְקֵנִים Psalm 107:32 (||
קְהַלעָֿ֑ם);
Judges 8:14 (||
שׂרים),
Judges 8:16;
1 Samuel 11:3;
1 Samuel 16:4;
1 Kings 21:8,
11;
Ezra 10:14.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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