I. [
לָחַם]
171 verb fight, do battle (Late Hebrew Hithp.;
ואלתחם MI
11.15.19 perhaps =
order the battle, compare Nö
ZMG xl. 1886, 721; Arabic
fit close together, so Late Hebrew
לחם Pi., Syriac
Pa.
unite,
fit also
threaten; Gerber
Verb. Denom. 59 thinks verb in Hebrew denominative from
מִלְחָמָה battle-line, but dubious); —
†
Qal (poetry) only
Imperative masculine singular and
Participle active — fight, do battle with, rare, only Psalms, apparently later usage: —
לְחַם אֶתלֹֿחֲמָ֑י Psalm 35:1 do battle with those battling with me (dubious whether
את is accusative sign compare preposition
with, compare Ol; ||
רִיבָה אֶתיְֿרִיבַי);
לֹחֲמִים לִי Psalm 56:3 doing battle against me;
לֹחֵם Psalm 56:2 as substantive
fighter. †
Niph. 167 Perfect נִלְחַם Judges 9:17 +,
וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֫ Judges 11:8;
1 Samuel 15:18,
וְנִלְחַמְנוּ Deuteronomy 1:41 consecutive, etc.;
Imperfect יִלָּהֵם Exodus 14:14;
Deuteronomy 1:30;
יִלָּ֫חֶם לָ֑נוּ Nehemiah 4:14,
וַיִּלָּ֫חֶם Exodus 17:8 +
19 times;
3rd person feminine singular תִּלָּחֵם Zechariah 14:14;
3rd person masculine plural תִּיִּלָּֽחֲמוּ Judges 1:5 +
13 times; suffix
וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי Psalm 109:3;
2nd person masculine plural תִּלָּֽחֲמוּ 1 Kings 22:31 +
4 times;
תִּלָּֽחֲמוּן 1 Kings 12:24; etc.;
Imperative הִלָּחֵם Exodus 17:9;
1 Samuel 18:17;
הִלָּ֫חֶם בּוֺ Judges 9:38; plural
הִלָּֽחֲמוּ 2 Kings 10:3;
Nehemiah 4:8;
Infinitive absolute נִלְחֹם Judges 11:25;
construct הִלָּחֵם Judges 1:9 +
35 times;
הִלָּ֫חֶם בּוֺ etc.,
Numbers 22:11 +
6 times; suffix
הִלָּחֲמוֺ 2 Kings 8:29 +
3 times;
Participle נִלְחָם Exodus 14:24 +
10 times; plural
נִלְחָמִים Joshua 10:25 +
10 times (but
1 Samuel 31:1 read rather
נִלְחֲמוּ, so ||
1 Chronicles 10:1 We Klo Bu, compare Dr); —
engage in battle (reciprocal), sometimes
wage war (
Joshua 10:5;
Judges 11:5;
1 Kings 14:19;
1 Kings 22:46;
2 Kings 6:8;
2 Kings 14:28 etc.), often with
בְּ of enemy (
60 times)
Exodus 1:10;
Exodus 17:9,
10;
Numbers 21:23,
26;
Numbers 22:11 (all E),
Judges 11:8,
25;
1 Samuel 15:18;
2 Samuel 8:10 + (
49 times); less often with
בְּ of city attacked or besieged †
Judges 9:45;
1 Samuel 23:1;
2 Samuel 12:26,
27,
29;
Isaiah 20:1;
Joshua 10:31 (D),
1 Kings 20:1;
Nehemiah 4:2; of tower
Judges 1:52 [
Judges 9:52]; followed by
בְּאַרְצִי Judges 11:12†; also with
עִם of enemy (
26 times):
Judges 5:20;
Judges 11:4,
5,
20;
Joshua 11:5 (JE),
1 Samuel 13:5;
1 Samuel 17:19, also
1 Samuel 17:32,
33 (of single combat),
Deuteronomy 20:4;
Joshua 9:2 (both D),
2 Kings 13:12;
2 Kings 14:15;
2 Chronicles 11:1;
17:10;
27:5;
Daniel 10:20;
Daniel 11:11 +; with
עִם of city †
Joshua 10:29 (D),
Joshua 19:47 (JE) †; with
אֶתֿ =
with, of enemy, †
Joshua 24:8 (E),
1 Samuel 17:9 (single combat),
Jeremiah 21:5;
1 Kings 20:23;
2 Kings 19:9 =
Isaiah 37:9;
Jeremiah 37:10; also
Judges 12:4;
2 Samuel 11:17;
2 Samuel 21:15;
1 Kings 22:31;
2 Kings 8:2;
2 Kings 9:15;
Jeremiah 21:4;
Jeremiah 32:5;
Jeremiah 33:5;
2 Chronicles 18:30;
22:6, and with
אוֺתָם (=
אִתָּם)
Joshua 10:25 (D),
1 Kings 20:25 (Kö
Lgb. ii, 296)†; with
עִל,
against, of enemy only
Jeremiah 21:2; elsewhere (
16 times) of city: †
Joshua 10:5 (JE),
Isaiah 7:1;
2 Kings 12:18;
2 Kings 19:8 =
Isaiah 37:8; especially D and Je:
Deuteronomy 20:10,
19;
Joshua 10:34,
36,
38 (all D),
Jeremiah 32:24,
29;
Jeremiah 34:1,
7,
8,
22†; with
אֶלֿ of enemy †
Jeremiah 1:19;
Jeremiah 15:20†; with suffix
וַיִּלָּֽחֲמוּנִי †
Psalm 109:3 and they have fought against me†; with
יָ֑חַד i.e. fight
together = with (against) one another †
1 Samuel 17:10; absolute with accusative of congnate meaning with verb
מִלְחָמוֺת fight battles †
1 Samuel 8:20;
1 Samuel 18:17;
1 Samuel 25:28;
2 Chronicles 32:8†; absolute elsewhere
Judges 5:19 (twice in verse);
Judges 5:20;
Deuteronomy 1:41;
Zechariah 10:5 +
26 times +
וַיָּסֻרוּ עָלָיו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם 1 Kings 22:32; † with
עַל for, in behalf of,
Judges 9:17;
2 Kings 10:3;
Nehemiah 4:8; with
לְ =
id.,
Exodus 14:14 (J),
Exodus 14:25 (J; +
בְּ of enemy),
Deuteronomy 1:30;
Deuteronomy 3:22;
Deuteronomy 20:4 (+
עִם of enemy, see above),
Joshua 10:14,
42;
Joshua 23:3,
10 (all D),
Nehemiah 4:14 †
יָכֹל לְהִלּ׳ be able to fight, with
את of enemy
1 Samuel 17:9, with
בְּ of enemy
Numbers 22:11, =
be successful in fighting, prevail against; so with
עַל of city
Isaiah 7:1, and absolute
2 Kings 16:5 (after
וַיָּצֻרוּ עָל besiege).
† II. [
לָחַם]
verb use as food, eat, poetic (so Thes Buhl, compare Frä
30 Guidi
Della Sede 33; this would explain different between
לֶחֶם and
; yet verb rare and chiefly late); —
Qal Perfect 3rd person plural לָֽחֲמוּ Proverbs 4:17;
Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular תִּלְחַם Proverbs 23:6,
1st person singular אֶלְחַם Psalm 141:4;
Imperative masculine plural
לַחֲמוּ Proverbs 9:5;
Infinitive construct לְחוֺם Proverbs 23:1;
Passive participle plural construct
לְחֻמֵי Deuteronomy 32:24;
eat (mostly Proverbs), absolute
Proverbs 23:1; followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb
לֶחֶם Proverbs 4:17;
Proverbs 23:6; followed by
בְּלַחְמִי Proverbs 9:5; followed by
בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶם Psalm 141:4 eat of their dainties;
לְחֻמֵי רֶשֶׁף Deuteronomy 32:24 (poem)
eaten up with the Fire-bolt, figurative of pestilence (Dr).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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