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The Blue Letter Bible
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The Bible Says
约拿书 3:10 含义

尼尼微人从先知约拿那里听到,神要在四十日内毁灭尼尼微城(4节)。他们明白这个信息的意思是,神因他们的恶行而发怒。所以,他们将警告放在心上,真诚地求告神的宽恕和怜悯。更重要的是,他们以讨神喜悦的方式生活,因为他们离弃了邪恶的行为

译为行为的词指的是某人所做的行为,无论是善是恶(撒母耳记上 8:8)。在这个语境中,它等同于"举止"或"行动"。在听到约拿关于审判的信息之前,尼尼微人正在行邪恶的行为。但是他们一从先知那里听到神要毁灭他们的城,就行为检点,至少是在一段时间内如此(5-9节)。他们离开行,行好的行为。当神察看他们的行为,见他们离开恶道,他就后悔,不把所说的灾祸降与他们了

译为灾祸的名词是希伯来文中的 "raʿah"。有时,它指恶行,正如在前一部分中一样(约拿书 3:8)。其他时候,它指神带给个人或者民族的不幸。在我们的经文中,这个名词指的是神要带给尼尼微城的困境。但因为尼尼微人改善了他们的行为,神就改变了祂的行动方案,没有毁灭这座城(4节)。

神怜悯尼尼微的事实告诉我们,约拿的信息是警告,有意要在这座城中激起悔改。因此,神说要在四十日内毁灭尼尼微,是有条件的,取决于百姓的反应。这一事实呼应了耶和华在耶利米书中所说的,"我何时论到一邦或一国说,要拔出、拆毁、毁坏;我所说的那一邦,若是转意离开他们的恶,我就必后悔,不将我想要施行的灾祸降与他们"(耶 利米书 18:7-8)。

我们的神满有仁慈,大有怜悯。祂平息风与海,拯救了水手们(1:15);祂让大鱼吞了约拿,把他安全地吐到陆地上,拯救他免于溺水(1:17;2:10)。现在,神因为尼尼微城的悔改而宽恕了该城。祂宽恕百姓的恶行,不再施行所宣告的审判。神并没有施行审判,意思是祂没有把所说的灾祸降与尼尼微。我们很快就会看到,这一点激怒了约拿,因为尼尼微是以色列的仇敌。

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