νεκρός,
νεκρά,
νεκρόν (akin to the Latin
neco, nex (from a root signifying 'to disappear' etc.; cf.
Curtius, § 93;
Fick i., p. 123;
Vanicek, p. 422f)), the
Sept. chiefly for
מֵת;
dead, i. e.:
1. properly,
a. one that has breathed his last, lifeless:
Matthew 28:4;
Mark 9:26;
Luke 7:15;
Acts 5:10;
Acts 20:9;
Acts 28:6;
Hebrews 11:35;
Revelation 1:17;
ἐπί νεκροῖς, if men are dead (where death has occurred (see
ἐπί,
Buttmann, 2 a.
ε., p. 233a at the end)),
Hebrews 9:17;
ἐγείρειν νεκρούς,
Matthew 10:8;
Matthew 11:5;
Luke 7:22; hyperbolically and proleptically equivalent to
as if already dead, sure to die, destined inevitably to die:
τό σῶμα,
Romans 8:10 (
τό σῶμα and
τό σωμάτιον φύσει νεκρόν,
Epictetus diss. 3, 10, 15 and 3, 22, 41; in which sense Luther called the human body, although alive,
einen alten Madensack (cf. Shakespeare's "thou worms-meat!")); said of the body of a dead man (so in
Homer often; for
נְבֵלָה a corpse
Deuteronomy 28:26;
Isaiah 26:19;
Jeremiah 7:33;
Jeremiah 9:22;
Jeremiah 19:7):
μετά τῶν νεκρῶν, among the dead, i. e. the buried,
Luke 24:5;
θάψαι τούς νεκρούς,
Matthew 8:22;
Luke 9:60;
ὀστέα νεκρῶν,
Matthew 23:27; of the corpse of a murdered man,
αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ,
Revelation 16:3 (for
הָרוּג,
Ezekiel 37:9; for
חָלָל,thrust through, slain,
Ezekiel 9:7;
Ezekiel 11:6).
b. deceased, departed, one whose soul is in Hades:
Revelation 1:18;
Revelation 2:8;
νεκρός ἦν, was like one dead, as good as dead,
Luke 15:24,
32; plural,
1 Corinthians 15:29;
Revelation 14:13;
ἐν Χριστῷ, dead Christians (see
ἐν, I. 6 b., p. 211b),
1 Thessalonians 4:16; very often
οἱ νεκροί and
νεκροί (without the article; see
Winers Grammar, p. 123 (117) and cf.
Buttmann, 89 (78) note) are used of the assembly of the dead (see
ἀνάστασις, 2 and
ἐγείρω, 2):
1 Peter 4:6;
Revelation 20:5,
12f;
τίς ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, one (returning) from the dead, the world of spirits,
Luke 16:30;
ἐκ νεκρῶν, from the dead, occurs times too many to count (see
ἀνάστασις,
ἀνίστημι,
ἐγεριω):
ἀνάγειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν,
Romans 10:7;
Hebrews 13:20;
ζωή ἐκ νεκρῶν, life springing forth from death, i. e. the return of the dead to life (see
ἐκ, I. 5),
Romans 11:15;
πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν who was the first that returned to life from among the dead,
Colossians 1:18; also
πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν Revelation 1:5;
ζοωποίειν τούς νεκρούς Romans 4:17;
ἐγείρειν τινα ἀπό τῶν νεκρῶν, to rouse one to quit (the assembly of) the dead,
Matthew 14:2;
Matthew 27:64;
Matthew 28:7;
κρίνειν ζῶντας καί νεκρούς,
2 Timothy 4:1;
1 Peter 4:5;
κριτής ζώντων καί νεκρῶν,
Acts 10:42;
νεκρῶν καί ζώντων κυριεύειν,
Romans 14:9.
c. destitute of life, without life, inanimate (equivalent to
ἄψυχος):
τό σῶμα χωρίς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν,
James 2:26;
οὐκ ἐστιν (
ὁ)
Θεός νεκρῶν ἀλλά ζώντων, God is the guardian God not of the dead but of the living,
Matthew 22:32;
Mark 12:27;
Luke 20:38.
2. tropically:
a. (spiritually dead, i. e.) "destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins; inactive as respects doing right":
John 5:25;
Romans 6:13;
Ephesians 5:14;
Revelation 3:1; with
τοῖς παραπτώμασιν (the dative of cause (cf.
Winer's Grammar, 412 (384f))) added,
Ephesians 2:1,
5;
ἐν (but
T Tr WH omit
ἐν)
τοῖς παραπτοις Colossians 2:13; in the pointed saying
ἄφες τούς νεκρούς θάψαι τούς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς, leave those who are indifferent to the salvation offered them in the gospel, to bury thee bodies of their own dead,
Matthew 8:22;
Luke 9:60.
b. universally,
destitute of force or power, inactive, inoperative:
τῇ ἁμαρτία, unaffected by the desire to sin (cf.
Winers Grammar, 210 (199);
Buttmann, § 133, 12),
Romans 6:11; of things:
ἁμαρτία,
Romans 7:8;
πίστις,
James 2:17,
20 (
R G), 26;
ἔργα, powerless and fruitless (see
ἔργον, 3, p. 248b bottom),
Hebrews 6:1;
Hebrews 9:14. (Cf.
θνητός, at the end)
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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